1. Dictators, war + Revolutions HT51020A Dr Erica Wald
The First World War & Empire

2. Leopold Amery on German imperial ambitions
‘…essentially artificial and not, like as our own overseas policy, deep rooted in the instincts of the nation.’

3. The First World War & Empire
What role did the empire play in the War?
What concessions did Britain make to the Empire?
What effects did the War have on the Empire?
Lecture Structure
Imperial contributions
Imperial concessions
Imperial consequences

4. (built to commemorate Indian war dead)
Manpower
Casualties
India – 65,056
Australia – 59,930
Canada – 56,639
New Zealand – 16,711
South Africa – 7,121
East Africa – 2,000
Newfoundland – 1,204
West Africa – 850
India Gate, Delhi
(built to commemorate Indian war dead)

5. Economic contributions
Churchill : ‘the commodities which [the colonies] produced were in many cases vital to the maintenance of the industries, and particularly the war industries, of Britain and her allies.’

6. India Rallied to the cause: 1.7 million Indian participants
1.1 million combatants
600,000 non-combatants
France & Mesopotamia
Money, Food, Supplies
Jute
Indian bicycle troops at the Battle of the Somme

7. Australia & New Zealand
Largely volunteer force
Australian Imperial Force
New Zealand Expeditionary Force
Maori soldiers
Egypt, Gallipoli, Western Front & Pacific
2nd Battalion Infantry, Auckland Regiment in the trenches at the Somme, 1916

8. Australia & New Zealand
Heavy Casualty figures for ANZACs
Of the 332,000 Australian troops that served overseas, 212,000 were wounded and 58,460 were killed – a casualty rate of 82%
Referendums on conscription
1915 Enlistment campaign

9. Canada & South Africa Canada South Africa Largely volunteer force
Many recent immigrants
Munitions and metal
South Africa
South Africa Party under Louis Botha
German SW Africa

10. Imperial Concessions : India
New Nationalist strength
Indian National Congress
Montagu-Chelmsford reforms
dyarchy
Gandhi, 1918

11. Imperial Concessions : Middle East
Sykes-Picot, 1916
Soldiers in the Arab Army during the Arab Revolt,

12. Imperial Consequences : What a carve-up…
Togoland
Cameroons
SW Africa
Tanganyika
Samoa
Bismarck Archipelago
Kaiser Wilhelmsland
Iraq
Persia
Palestine
Arabia
Lebanon
Syria
Prime Minister Lloyd George (GB), Premier Orlando (Italy), President Clemenceau (France), President Wilson (USA)

13. Imperial Consequences: Revolt
Egypt, March 1919
Punjab, April 1919
Palestine, April 1919
Ireland,
Iraq, July 1920
‘This situation appeals to my hereditary instincts. Shall I come to the rescue?’ Punch, 1920