1. SECTION 2
Components part 1

2. Components Gears Clutches Gear Forces Gear Pairs Gear Sets
Planetary
Ravigneaux
Hypoid Gear Forces
Churning Drag Forces
Synchronizers
Gearbox Assembly
Clutches
Clutch Connectors
Clutch Forces
Conceptual Wet Clutches

3. Gear Forces Types Backlash included Forces evaluated:
Spur Gears
Bevel Gears
Backlash included
Forces evaluated:
Radial (x, y)
Thrust (z)
Transmitted Torque (around z)
The component consists of the following objects:
Two general forces, featuring the actions exchanged between the gear meshes. Adams/Driveline calculates the forces and torques between the gears using a user-defined general force, whose action depends on the gear type
A request to output force and torque values.
To get reaction forces in the right direction, you must identify the orientation of the construction frames used to define the gear forces. The following figure shows how construction frames must be oriented. Notice that:
• The z-axis must be oriented along the rotation axis
• The x-axis has to point to the contact point
• The y-axis is located based on the x- and z-axes

4. Gear Pairs
This component represents a connection between two gears on two different shafts, according to a gear ratio and a specified rotational backlash.
Input and Output gears connected to shafts with either permanent joints (PERP) or synchronizer forces (SFORCE)
Rotational Backlash included
Gear Ratio:
User Entered (in this case gear radii automatically updated)
Defined selecting 2 gear geometries
User can decide which gear is engaged at the beginning of the analysis
Input shaft
Output shaft
Gear carrier
Input gear
Output gear

5. Hypoid Gear Forces
This component represents hypoid gear forces. It consists of the following objects:
A general force featuring the actions and reactions between the ring gear and pinion gear
Two differential equations to calculate gear angular error and angular error integral
Adams/Driveline implements the component with general forces using, as reference, frame markers positioned at the gear mesh point.

6. Synchronizers
This component represents a clutch that brings a gear and shaft to the same rotational speed. A synchronizer can be attached to a Gear Pair or to arbitrary parts. A synchronizer allows gear shifting during simulation (useful for full-vehicle simulations). The synchronizer is modeled as a dog clutch and optional friction clutch.
The synchronizer consists of a single component torque
There are two options how to mount a synchronizer in model, explicit or Gear Pair
Explicit : With the explicit option the user specifies which parts the synchronizer should act between, where it should be located and for which gear number(s) it should be engaged
Gear : By choosing the gear pair option, the user uses an existing gear pair component for mounting the synchronizer. I and J parts, where the synchronizer should be located and for which gear number is should be activated, has already been defined in the Gear Pair component.

7. Gear Sets Planetary Gears Ravigneaux Gears
The Planetary gear is a conceptual planetary gear set
The planets are not directly modeled. User defines the gear set by specifying the sun, ring, carrier, the revolute joints that attach those parts, and a property file. The Planetary gear connects the sun part to the sun_lash part.
The property file specifies the number of teeth on the sun gear and the ring gear. Characteristics determined by a property file (<db_name>/gear_elements.tbl)
The gear set provides the possibility to specify Gear ratios ,Angular Lash and to activate clutch when the speed ratio is bigger that a specified value.
Ravigneaux Gears
The Ravigneaux gear connects the two sun parts to the two sun_lash parts (and the ring part to a ring_lash part). The sun_lash part is connected to the sun part through a revolute joint and a torque to model the gear lash and stiffness properties (defined using a property file like in planetary gears).

8. Churning Drag Forces
The churning-drag force component allows you to model the oil resistance acting on gears when they rotate in oil.
A churning drag describes a force-based component that models the oil resistance that forms between gears and the gearbox case as soon as gears have a relative angular velocity with respect to the gearbox case.
Adams/Driveline calculates the resistance force using a rotational single-component force and its expression is as follows:
SIGN(K * Viscosity * B * Diam2 * ABS(wz)**1.5, -wz) where:
K = Constant (default 3.0E-12)
B = Gear breadth
Diam2 = Gear Diameter
wz = Angular velocity

9. Gearbox Assembly Gearbox Assembly
The Gearbox Assembly feature allows the user to create an entire gearbox.
User can specify in case if 5 or 6 gear meshes are required and number of output shafts 2/3.
In this feature the user can specify if he wants Adams/Driveline to synchronize the nth gear mesh on the input or on the output shaft.

10. Clutch Connectors Clutch Connectors
This component allows you to use the clutch connector in the driveline model.
The component consists of a torque acting between the two selected parts with the location and the orientation determined by a specified construction frame.
User needs to specify the property file suitable for clutch connectors. This property file is located under (<db_name>/clutch_forces.tbl)
The component contains the following elements:
Single component force
IC motion (used to set the initial velocity)
Array storing the data read in the property file before submitting the Analysis
Clutch Connectors

11. Clutch Forces
This component represents contact forces in a clutch component. It models normal contact forces, as well as friction.
User needs to specify the property file suitable for clutch. This property file is located under (<db_name>/clutch_forces.tbl/*.clu).
Adams/Driveline models friction forces by multiplying contact forces with a friction coefficient and an effective radius that you specify. Contact forces are modeled using a property file which stores the cushion characteristic.
The behavior is very similar to a bumpstop element: no force in one direction, and force in the other one when the distance between two parts (for example, flywheel and pressure plate) is smaller than a specified clearance.

12. Conceptual Wet Clutch
A wet clutch models a torque that connects an I part and a J part. The torque expression is based on the inputs stored in the property file, such as number of surfaces, effective radius, pressure area, turning point pressure, and MU.
The torque converter element also includes a clutch part that is connected to the J part. The two parts are connected with a torsion spring (in the property file you also specify the Clutch Compliance Stiffness and Clutch Compliance Damping parameters).