1. CHAPTER 17 COUNSELING HISPANIC/LATINO AMERICANS

2. Hispanic
Hispanic is the U.S. Government designation to refer to the common background of the Spanish language amongst people from various geographic regions (e.g. Puerto Rico, Mexico, South America, etc.)
Hispanics are the largest minority group in the U.S. (35, 238, 481)

3. Hispanic Tradition
Familismo (family unity) is seen as important as are respect and loyalty to the family
Family members cooperate, are often religious, possess strict child rearing practices, and value the extended family
In general, outside help is not sought until all family resources are exhausted

4. Acculturation Conflicts
Some maintain their traditional orientation while others assimilate the host culture
Being “bicultural” is thought to lead to optimal levels of mental health

5. Societal Factors
Acculturative stress amongst immigrants has been linked to depression and suicidal ideation
Racism and discrimination can also impact mental health

6. Personalismo
Personalismo is a basic cultural value of Hispanic Americans--although the first meetings may be quite formal, once trust has developed, the clients may develop a close personal bond with the counselor
Remember that personalismo is a basic cultural value of Hispanic Americans--although the first meetings may be quite formal, once trust has developed, the clients may develop a close personal bond with the counselor. He or she may be perceived as a family member or friend and may be invited to family functions and given gifts

7. Guidelines for Clinical Practice
It is important to engage in a respectful, warm, and mutual introduction with the client because less acculturated Hispanic Americans expect a more formal relationship and the counselor will be seen as an authority figure and should be formally dressed
Give a brief description of what counseling is and the role of each participant
Explain the notion of confidentiality (especially with illegal immigrants)
Have the client state in his or her own words the problem or problems as he or she sees it--determine the possible influence of religious or spiritual beliefs
Assess the acculturation level

8. Guidelines for Clinical Practice
Consider whether there are cultural or societal aspects to the problem
Determine whether a translator is needed
Determine the positive assets and resources available to the client and his or her family
Discuss possible consequences of achieving indicated goals for the individual, family, and community
Discuss the possible participation of family members and consider family therapy
Assess possible problems from external sources, such as need for food, shelter, or employment, or stressful interactions with agencies

9. Guidelines for Clinical Practice
Explain the treatment to be used, why it was selected, and how it will help achieve the goals
With the client’s input, determine a mutually agreeable length of treatment--it is better to offer time-limited, solution-based therapies
Remember that personalismo is a basic cultural value of Hispanic Americans--although the first meetings may be quite formal, once trust has developed, the clients may develop a close personal bond with the counselor. He or she may be perceived as a family member or friend and may be invited to family functions and given gifts
Consistently evaluate the client’s or family’s response to the therapeutic approach you have chosen