1. Chapter 5 – Thermal Energy
Section 1 – Temperature and Heat

2. Chapter 6 – Thermal Energy
Section 1 – Temperature and Heat
Temperature – related to the average kinetic energy of an object’s atoms or molecules

3. Chapter 6 – Thermal Energy
Section 1 – Temperature and Heat
Temperature – related to the average kinetic energy of an object’s atoms or molecules
Thermal Energy – the sum of the kinetic and potential energy of all the atoms in an object

4. Chapter 6 – Thermal Energy
Section 1 – Temperature and Heat
Temperature – related to the average kinetic energy of an object’s atoms or molecules
Thermal Energy – the sum of the kinetic and potential energy of all the atoms in an object
Thermal Energy increases as temperature increases.

5. At constant temperature, thermal energy increases if mass increases

6. At constant temperature, thermal energy increases if mass increases
Thermal energy that flows from something of a higher temperature to something of a lower temperature is called heat

7. At constant temperature, thermal energy increases if mass increases
Thermal energy that flows from something of a higher temperature to something of a lower temperature is called heat
Specific heat – amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a material by 1 degree C or K

9. Changes in thermal energy can be calculated as change in thermal energy equals mass time change in temperature times specific heat

10. Changes in thermal energy can be calculated as change in thermal energy equals mass time change in temperature times specific heat
When heat flows into an object and its temperature rises, the change in temperature is positive

11. Changes in thermal energy can be calculated as change in thermal energy equals mass time change in temperature times specific heat
When heat flows into an object and its temperature rises, the change in temperature is positive
When heat flows out of an object and its temperature decreases, the change in temperature is negative

12. A calorimeter is used to measure specific heat

14. Section 2 – Transferring Thermal Energy

15. Section 2 – Transferring Thermal Energy
Conduction – transfer of thermal energy through matter by direct contact of particles

16. Section 2 – Transferring Thermal Energy
Conduction – transfer of thermal energy through matter by direct contact of particles
Kinetic energy is transferred as particles collide

17. Section 2 – Transferring Thermal Energy
Conduction – transfer of thermal energy through matter by direct contact of particles
Kinetic energy is transferred as particles collide
Solids, particularly metals, are good heat conductors

19. The transfer of energy by the motion of heated particles in a fluid (liquid or gas) is called convection

20. The transfer of energy by the motion of heated particles in a fluid (liquid or gas) is called convection
Convection currents transfer heat from warmer to cooler parts of a fluid

22. The transfer of energy by the motion of heated particles in a fluid (liquid or gas) is called convection
Convection currents transfer heat from warmer to cooler parts of a fluid
Convection currents create rain forests and deserts over different regions of Earth

24. Radiation – energy transfer by electromagnetic waves

25. Radiation – energy transfer by electromagnetic waves
Some radiation is absorbed and some is reflected when it strikes a material

27. Radiation – energy transfer by electromagnetic waves
Some radiation is absorbed and some is reflected when it strikes a material
Heat transfer by radiation is faster in a gas than in a liquid or solid

28. Radiation – energy transfer by electromagnetic waves
Some radiation is absorbed and some is reflected when it strikes a material
Heat transfer by radiation is faster in a gas than in a liquid or solid
Most living things control the flow of heat by using special features such as fur, blubber, or scales

29. Insulator – material that does not let heat flow through it easily

30. Insulator – material that does not let heat flow through it easily
Gases such as air usually make better insulators than liquids or solids

31. Insulator – material that does not let heat flow through it easily
Gases such as air usually make better insulators than liquids or solids
A vacuum layer in a thermos is a good insulator because it contains almost no matter to allow conduction or convection to occur

33. Section 3 – Using Heat

34. Section 3 – Using Heat
Heating systems – warm houses and building

35. Section 3 – Using Heat
Heating systems – warm houses and building
Forced-air system – fuel heats air, which is blown through ducts and vents; cool air is returned to the furnace to be reheated

37. Section 3 – Using Heat
Heating systems – warm houses and building
Forced-air system – fuel heats air, which is blown through ducts and vents; cool air is returned to the furnace to be reheated
Radiator system – hot water or steam in a radiator transfers thermal energy to the air

38. Electric heating system – electrically heated coils in ceilings or floors heat air by conduction

40. Electric heating system – electrically heated coils in ceilings or floors heat air by conduction
Solar energy – energy from the sun

41. Electric heating system – electrically heated coils in ceilings or floors heat air by conduction
Solar energy – energy from the sun
Passive solar heating does not use mechanical devices to move heat

43. Electric heating system – electrically heated coils in ceilings or floors heat air by conduction
Solar energy – energy from the sun
Passive solar heating does not use mechanical devices to move heat
Active solar heating systems use solar collectors to absorb radiant energy, which is circulated through the building

45. Heat engine – an engine that converts thermal energy into mechanical energy

46. Heat engine – an engine that converts thermal energy into mechanical energy
An internal combustion engine burns fuel inside the engine in chambers or cylinders

47. Heat engine – an engine that converts thermal energy into mechanical energy
An internal combustion engine burns fuel inside the engine in chambers or cylinders
Internal combustion engines convert only about 26% or the fuel’s chemical energy into mechanical energy

49. Heat engine – an engine that converts thermal energy into mechanical energy
An internal combustion engine burns fuel inside the engine in chambers or cylinders
Internal combustion engines convert only about 26% or the fuel’s chemical energy into mechanical energy
Heat mover – device that removes thermal energy from one location and transfers it to another location at a different temperature

50. A refrigerator contains a coolant that absorbs heat from inside of the refrigerator and releases it on the outside as heat

52. A refrigerator contains a coolant that absorbs heat from inside of the refrigerator and releases it on the outside as heat
Air conditioners cool warm air

53. A refrigerator contains a coolant that absorbs heat from inside of the refrigerator and releases it on the outside as heat
Air conditioners cool warm air
Heat pumps can both cool and warm air

54. A refrigerator contains a coolant that absorbs heat from inside of the refrigerator and releases it on the outside as heat
Air conditioners cool warm air
Heat pumps can both cool and warm air
The human body stays cool by evaporation of sweat