1. NOUNS

2. Names~ a person (boy, girl, mom, sister, dad, brother, baby)
a place (school, house, movies, park, store, ocean)
a thing (baseball, cat, desk, pen, pencil, paper, cow
an idea (love, honesty, joy
willingness, strength)

3. COMMON NOUNS PROPER NOUNS
~ names a GENERAL person, place, things, or idea
~ names a
SPECIFIC person, place, things, or idea **Always use
CAPITAL LETTERS
*sister
*composer
*lake
*team
*democracy
*Sarah
*Beethoven
*Michigan
*Sox
*Democrats/
Republicans

4. ~ is made up of 2 or more words that act as a SINGLE noun
COMPOUND NOUNS
~ is made up of 2 or more words that act as a SINGLE noun

5. toothbrush high school
football baseball
living room sister-in-law
Brian Urlacher
cottage cheese doghouse

6. COLLECTIVE NOUNS names a GROUP of people or things
family team chorus school
staff jury company band

7. CONCRETE vs. ABSTRACT CONCRETE NOUNS
~names things you can see or touch
ABSTRACT NOUNS
~names things you CANNOT see or touch
*emotions, ideas, state of mind, quality
*friend
*notebook
*author
*pencil
*desk
*clouds
*happiness
*surprise
*imagination
***Usually only common nouns can be concrete or abstract!!!

8. POSSESSIVE NOUNS ~ a noun that names who or what has something
~ shows ownership
~ is someone who OWNS SOMETHING

9. Use only an apostrophe (‘) to form the
An apostrophe and s (‘s) forms the possessive of most singular nouns and of plural nouns that do not end with s.
Child - child’s toy
Children - children’s bikes
Use only an apostrophe (‘) to form the
possessive of plural nouns that end with s.
girls - girls’ dolls
teams - teams’ uniforms
It’s is a contraction = it is
Its = possessive (no apostrophe)

10. APPOSITIVES
~ a noun or phrase that gives additional information about another noun in a sentence.
“extra” information
*Mrs. Zinkel, a teacher, is very nice.
*The Bears, a great team, started recently.
*We have a great baseball team, the Sox.

11. PLURALS
S es s es s
The plural form of a noun indicates that more than one person, place, or thing is being named.
Plural forms are either regular or irregular.
Regular nouns form their plurals by adding s or es. Most nouns have regular plural forms.
S es s
s es s es
S es s es
S es s es

12. Plurals Word Ending Rule Examples s, ss, x, z, zz, sh, ch Add es
bus - busses mass - masses fox - foxes
buzz - buzzes crash - crashes punch - punches
o - preceded by a consonant
tomato - tomatoes
Exceptions:
solo - solos (and other musical terms)
o - preceded by a vowel
Add s
radio – radios

13. y - preceded by a consonant Change y to i and add es party - parties
Word Ending
Rule
Examples
y - preceded by a consonant
Change y to i and add es
party - parties
discovery - discoveries
y - preceded by a vowel
Add s
day - days monkey - monkeys ff
bluff - bluffs staff - staffs fe
Change f to v and add es
knife - knives wife - wives f
Add s or change f to v and add es
chief - chiefs calf - calves leaf - leaves

14. Irregular Plurals Child - Mouse - Tooth - Deer - Ox - Man - Sheep -
Crisis -
Datum -
Syllabus-

15. Irregular Plurals Child - children Mouse - mice Tooth - teeth
Deer - deer
Ox - oxen
Man - men
Sheep - sheep
Crisis - crises
Datum - data
Syllabus- syllabi
When a compound needs to be plural: add the “s” to the word that is plural: Mother-in-law = mothers-in-law Baseball = baseballs

16. Pronouns A word that can take the place of one or more nouns
baseball ~ it
Without:
The firefighters described how the firefighters did the firefighters’ jobs.
With:
The firefighters described how they did their jobs.

17. Antecedent The word or groups of words the pronoun takes the place of
*Aunt Connie is a cook. She bakes pies.
*The book lists inventors. It is fascinating.
*Mrs. Drews is a great librarian. She works at Liberty.

18. Personal Pronouns Pronouns that refer to a person Bubba ~ he
Suzy Q ~ she

19. Personal Pronouns First Person I, me, my, mine, we, us, our, ours
Singular
Plural
First Person
I, me, my, mine,
we, us, our, ours
Second person
you, your, yours
Third person
he, him, his
she, her, hers
it, its
They, them,
Their, theirs

20. *Stacy likes books. She collects mysteries.
*These books are rare collectors’ items. _______ can only be found in specialty shops.

21. Three Cases or Categories of Personal Pronouns
Nominitive Pronoun/Subject Pronoun: These pronouns will tell WHAT or WHO the sentence is about. (subject in the sentence)
Singular: I, you, he, she, it
Plural: we, you, they

22. 2. Objective Pronouns:
These pronouns are:
*direct object–(after verb)
*indirect object–(after verb)
*object of preposition-(after preposition)
Singular:
me, you, him, her, it
Plural:
us, you, them

23. *3. Possessive Pronouns: pronouns that show ownership Before Nouns: Stands Alone:
Singular:
Plural: my
our
your
his, her, its
their
Singular
Plural:
mine
ours
yours
his ,hers, its
theirs

24. Interrogative Pronoun
Introduces an interrogative sentence
Who *Who owns that pen?
Whom *For whom is that car?
Whose *Whose is this?
Which Who=subject
What Whom=object

25. Demonstrative Pronoun
Points out specific things ~
nearby and at a distance
(**take the place of the noun)
This *This is a good apple.
That *Those are new chairs.
These
Those **If this, that, these, those is used before a noun then it is an adjective and not a pronoun.

26. Indefinite Pronoun
Does not refer to a particular person, place or thing

27. Always Singular: Another no one Anybody nothing Anyone one Anything other Each somebody Either someone Everybody something Everyone Everything Little Much Neither Nobody

28. Always Plural: Both Few Many Others Several Can be both Singular or Plural: All Any More Most None Some

29. Reflexive Pronoun
Directs the actions back to the subject (after the verb!!!)
“self” word
*Sara brought herself back to the camp.
*I treated myself to a new book.

30. Intensive Pronoun Adds emphasis to a noun/ pronoun already named.
“self” word
(comes after noun or pronoun)
*Steven himself wrote a book.
*Would the soldiers themselves save the chiefs?

31. Personal Pronouns and Agreement
Personal pronouns MUST agree with their antecedents in person, number, and gender.
What is wrong with these sentences?
Mary likes cats. Its favorite is Bubba.
A teacher likes teaching their students.

32. Mary likes cats. Her favorite is Bubba.
A teacher likes teaching his or her students.
If using 2 or more singular antecedents joined by OR or NOR – MUST have a singular pronoun.
Either Becca or Megan will take her backpack.

33. If compound antecedent is joined by AND – MUST have plural pronoun.
Becca and Megan will take their backpacks.

34. Remember all those indefinite pronouns? – You need to know them now!
Always Singular: anyone, everyone, someone, anybody, everybody, somebody, each, either
Each of the banners is blue.
-Everyone in the first five rows was delighted.

35. Some can be singular or plural: all, any, more, most, none, some
You need to use context clues to figure it out!
Some of the milk is frozen.
Some of the cookies are frozen, too.

36. The End!!!!