1. Nouns

2. What is a Noun?
A word that names a person, place, or thing is called a noun.
Nouns can be two or more words.
Nouns can also name feelings, thoughts, and ideas.
Ex: excitement, fear, freedom, anger, and happiness

3. Common and Proper Nouns
When you talk or write about a general person, place, or thing you use a common noun.
When you talk or write about a specific person, place, or thing you use a proper noun.
Every proper noun needs to be capitalized. If it is more than one word, only capitalize the important words.
Don’t capitalize the words: the, of, or for.
When you use the words for family relationships as names, capitalize them. Otherwise, do not capitalize those words.

4. Abbreviations, Initials, and Acronyms
Abbreviations: short forms of lengthy expressions
Examples: Mister-Mr. , Doctor-Dr., Avenue- Ave., Boulevard-Blvd. , Pennsylvania-P.A.
2 Types:
Initials- the first letter of a formal name or title
Example- J.K. Rowling, C.S. Lewis, S.E. Hinton

5. Abbreviations, Initials, and Acronyms
2. An acronym is a pronounceable word formed from the first letter or first few letters of each word in a phrase or title.
examples: NASA-National Aeronautics and Space Administration , FEMA-Federal Emergency Management Agency, LOL- Laughing out loud

6. Singular and Plural Nouns
A singular noun names one person, place, or thing.
Ex: The farmer drove to the market with the box.
A plural noun names more than one person, place, or thing.
Ex: The farmers drove to the markets with the boxes.
Cont…

7. Rules for Forming Plurals
1.) Add –s
Most singular nouns: Ex: street-streets
boat-boats
Nouns ending in a vowel Ex: joy-joys
and y: boy-boys
Nouns ending with a vowel Ex: radio-radios
and o: igloo-igloos
2.) Add –es
Nouns ending in s, x, Ex: fox-foxes
ch, or sh: dish-dishes
lunch-lunches
3.) Change y to an i and
add –es.
Nouns ending with a Ex: city-cities
consonant and y: baby-babies

8. More Plural Nouns 1.) Change f to v and add –es
Nouns ending in f or fe: Ex: life- lives
For others, wolf-wolves
add –s Ex: cliff-cliffs
Irregular
3.) Add –s to some and –es to some.
Nouns ending with a consonant and o Ex: hero-heroes
solo-solos
4.) Nouns that have special plural spellings Ex: foot-feet
woman-women
5.) Nouns that remain the same Ex: deer-deer
sheep-sheep

9. Singular Possessive Nouns pg 29 zebra book
A singular possessive noun shows that one person, place, or thing has or owns something.
To make a singular noun possessive add an apostrophe and –s.
Ex: the fur of the dog - the dog’s fur
child- child’s toy
Tess- Tess’ bike

10. Plural Possessive Nouns p. 31 zebra book
A plural noun that shows ownership, or possession, is called a plural possessive noun.
When a plural noun ends in –s, add only an apostrophe after the –s to make the noun show possession.
Ex-boys’ books
Umbrellas' handles are sometimes carved.
Witches' hats are usually pointed.
Judges' wigs were powered in the old days.

11. Plural Possessive Nouns p. 31
Not all plural nouns end in –s. When a plural noun does not end in –s, add an apostrophe s to form the plural possessive. Ex- Mice’s food Dolphins got caught in the fishermen's nets. Postmen’s bags are made of leather. The geese’s eggs were found on the road, smashed.

12. Collective Nouns Describe a group of animals, things or people
Examples: flock of sheep
deck of cards
gaggle of geese
crowd of people