1. BHUCHITRA A Land Management Software solution, Map digitization & integration with text ROR data [AS IMPLEMENTED IN WEST BENGAL]
P.K.PRAMANIK
Senior Technical Director
National Informatics Centre
Government of India

2. Organisation of presentation
Brief on rich tradition of cadastral mapping in West Bengal (slides:
Generation of services integrating RoR database with its map component (slides)
Challenges met : and ensuing one (Digitisation of paper based maps)
Integration of spatial & non spatial ROR data

3. Land Records in West Bengal
West Bengal is one of the states in the Eastern India, where land records were prepared as per Permanent Settlement Regulation, invoked by the British East India Company in 1793.

4. Cadastral mapping & Land Records
First series of cadastral maps & land records covering the State, prepared during the District Survey & Settlement Operations of
Revisional Settlement Operation conducted during , where District Settlement maps and records were revised and updated.
Maps are prepared first & then the land record

5. Existing cadastral maps in West Bengal
Mauza wise map sheets containing 1000/1200 plots
66,348 map sheets in the scale 1:3960 (mostly), in even bigger scale 1:1980 or 1:990
Covers all the Mouzas of the State
Updation of RS maps and records started since 1972 nearing completion.

6. Computerization of Land Records & maps
Started in West Bengal from 1986-’87 by NIC, West Bengal
First version of the Land Records computerization software, named BHUMI developed in 1989
Ten (10) upgraded versions of BHUMI
BHUCHITA without map correction facility (developed in 2006)

7. Status- Computerization of Land Records & map digitisation
All the 36.7 million RoR records are digitally available.
Digital RoR maintained at 341 Blocks
Total Volume of Data : 37 GB (approx)
BHUCHITRA (map enabled) implemented at one Block in 2006
Now, BHUCHITRA is under roll out program of the State

8. Computerised service generated
Certified Copies of RoR
Plot information
Plot map (pilot basis)
Digital data to other Government Department

9. On-line Mutation & Data Updation
Any change in the database due to transfer of Title, change in the land use pattern, acquisition of land is done on line. 
On-line mutation helps citizens in getting instant response.

10. Sharing of data with other departments
CLR data base being shared with other applications such as Registration, Land Acquisition, Irrigation, among others.
Integration of Registration (CORD) with BHUMI successfully tested as a Pilot

11. BHUCHITRA Integrated Map with ROR

12. BHUCHITRA Village/ Mouza Based Information
Map enabled query/MIS report
shows query results shown on the map itself.
Cadastral Mouza Map based information
includes displaying a mouza map, showing plots owned by a raiyat, coloring plots with specific land class, area, possession , owner

13. Citizen Services Acceptance of Citizens requests
Status of request enquiry
Services
Certified Copy of ROR,
Plot Information
Hal-Sabek plot information copy
ROR with maps of one’s plots showing
dimensions along with neighboring plots

14. On-line Updation of Land Records
Mutations
Conversion of land
Barga Enrollment
Enrollment of Homestead Beneficiary
Vesting
Di-vesting
Pattadar enrollment and
Warish enrollment

15. Mouza map information can be available from the main menu of the BHUCHITRA

16. Interface to select a particular Mouza for which information is required

17. On selection a mouza map is displayed
On selection a mouza map is displayed. The map can be zoomed in or out by pressing buttons

18. The zoomed out view

19. On clicking a particular plot within the map plot details are displayed with a different color mark along with owner(s) details

20. In the ROR information option any plot number can be searched within the map in enlarged view and adjacent plots will be shown.

21. Interface to accept map request from citizen

22. Map information details with relevant court fee is displayed along with normal ROR copy.

23. Plot maps with table of measurements for a khatian is shown and be printed use Laser printer for delivery to citizen.

24. The plots with a specific range of area (in acre) can be displayed with a different color mark.

25. The plots of a specific land classification can be viewed in the map
The plots of a specific land classification can be viewed in the map. Different land classifications can be viewed in the mouza using different color legends.

27. Different types of Possessor existing in the plots can be viewed using different color legends on selection of the type of possessor.

28. Alphabetically sorted Owner names will be available with the Khatian number in a window. If a particular khatian is selected the plots he or she owns can be viewed within the mouza map.

29. The vested plots can be shown within the mouza map with different color legends for different land classification of plots.

30. In the ‘Chart’ option, distribution of land ownership among the raiyats against area (in acre) is available within the map.

31. Digitization process of paper based cadastral maps and integration of textual and spatial land records data

32. RASTER VIS VECTOR Maps
Raster Data: Raster data is an abstraction of the real world where spatial data is expressed as a matrix of cells or pixels. Eg. Scanned Maps.
Vector Data: Vector data is an abstraction of the real world where positional data is represented in the form of coordinates. In vector data, the basic units of spatial information are points, lines and polygons. Eg. Shape Files.

33. Digitization
Digitization is a process by which we convert Raster Image to a Vector Map.

34. A Digitized GIS Ready Map – Line Work

35. Components of a GIS ready Map.
A Map is represented in different Layers, in a GIS ready map. All spatial and non spatial features are represented in different layers.

36. The most common representation of a map is using vector data, that is consist of points, line and polygons.
Point
Each point is stored by its location (X, Y) together with the table attribute of this point.
For example, 4 points below has their coordinate location in (X, Y) and each point has attributes of deep and amount of water contamination.
Representation of Map

37. Line
Each line is stored by the sequence of first and last point together with the associated table attribute of this line. For example, three lines below (a, b and c) have their first and last node to distinguish their location and each line has attributes of flow and capacity of the sewerage pipe. Notice that each node has coordinate (X, Y) that is stored in another table.

38. Polygon
Polygon is represented by a closed sequence of lines. Unlike line or poly-line (sequence of line), polygon always closed. That is, the first point is equal to the last point. A polygon can be represented by a sequence of nodes where the last node is equal to the first node. For example, polygon A below has its first and last node in node number 1 to settle its location. Aside from location attributes, the polygon has associated attributes of area and bacterial population. Notice that each node has coordinate (X, Y) that is stored in another table.

39. Map Digitization Process
Scanning the paper map
Vectorization of scanned Map from RASTER format.
Building the layers for the Complete map for different map and non map features.
Converting each layer to GIS ready map format. (SHAPE file format).
Checking of HARD Copy of the line work submitted by the Vendors with the Original Map.
Checking of SOFT COPY of the map with the specifications.
Composing the Map and checking the final plotted map from the soft copy with the original map.
Generation of Services from vectorised Maps.

40. Steps Step-1: Digitization of Cadastral maps
Step-2: Error Checking of Cadastral Maps
Step-3: Composition of Cadastral Maps
Step-4: GIS of Cadastral Maps
Prepared By NIC-WBSC

41. Description
Job-1: Digitization of Cadastral Maps
Prepared By NIC-WBSC

42. Role of Vectorisation Agency
Scanning the map Sheets
Digitize the sheets in various layers (area, line & point)
Attaching respective plot number to each polygon (vectorised plots)
Provides digitized data in *.shp format (all layers)
Provides non-map features in different *.gif formats (images)
Provides one hardcopy for one – to- one matching with the original

43. Responsibility of the Directorate
Stringent checking of work of the agency to detect errors for its necessary correction
COMPOSITION OF a MAP sheet in its final form from all the files (more or less 36 in all) delivered by the agency
Printing of final map on A0/A1 size paper for final verification

44. SCANNING OF MAP sheets SCANNING ERRORS SCANNING ERROR MAY COME FROM
POOR PAPER QUALITY
FOLDING OF MAPS
VARIABLE THICKNESS OF PAPERS
DUST ABSORBED IN PAPER

45. AVOIDING SCANNING ERROR
To Avoid the Scanning error following Pre-processing of Maps is a Must
Dust Should Be Cleaned From The Map
All Maps Should Be Kept In A Flat Position With A Pressure On It, So That Error Should Not Come Due To Folding Of Maps
As Per Variable Thickness Of Papers, Maps may be sorted in different Categories And Accordingly Scanner Roller may be adjusted suitably for each catagories.

46. AVOIDING SCANNING ERROR
To Avoid The Scanning Error ………..
Map Should Be Scanned In A Calibrated Scanner
The Scanning Should Be At Least In 300 Dpi Mode
A Good Practice To Take A Raster Printing Before Digitizing It, but one should think about the cost

47. DIGITIZATION of Line Works
Any Raster To Vector Conversion Software Like Auto Cad Overlay, R2v Etc May Be Used
Maps Can Be Digitized Using Automatic Or Semi-automatic Or Manual Mode
During Digitization Raster Should Be Zoomed And The Line Width During Digitization Should Be At Least Six Times Of The Original

48. DIGITIZATION of LINE WORKS
Digitize The Line In Such A Way That Each Plot Should Form A Closed Polygon. In That Way It Will Generate The Area Of The Plot
It Will Be A Good Practice If We Set The Map In 1:1 Scale And Digitize It In Manual Mode

49. ERROR DETECTION PROCEDURE
Soft Copy Checking :
Using individual plot area checking by a customised software developed by NIC
Hard Copy Checking :
By taking a print copy from Plotter calibrated properly and its one to one matching with the original One

50. Error Checking Procedure Using NIC Developed Software
Compare the digitized mouza area with the Total area recorded in the JL of that mouza with the tolerance of 0.50% up to area of 500 acres and 0.25% for areas above 500 acres.
Compare each digitize plot area with the data recorded in Land Records (tf5.dbf) with the tolerance as per provision laid down in the technical manual of survey.

51. Total Area Matching
Here the total digitized area is showing Acres where as it is recorded in JL as Acres

52. Each & Every Plot Area Checking
Here the RED marking plots are erroneous.
The count showing the erroneous plots are 37
in number.

53. Step-2: CADASTRAL MAP COMPOSITION

54. COMPLETE PROCESS REQUIRED
After Receiving Error Free Digitized Data following Processes are Required
COMPOSITION OF MAPS WITH ALL ALAMATS & NON-MAP FEATURES (Using NIC-Developed Software)
PLOTTING OF MAPS

55. COMPOSITION OF MAPS TO COMPOSE A MAP IT NEEDS
DIGITIZED PLOT BOUNDARIES
INCLUSION OF 92 NON-MAP FEATURES WHEREVER IT WAS IN ORIGINAL MAP
INCLUSION OF PLOT NUMBERS
INCLUSION OF TEXT IN C-DAC FORMAT
INCLUSION OF AUTHENTICATION SEAL, LEGEND, BATTA INFORMATION IN THE FORM OF IMAGE

56. 92 ALAMATHS
TO REPRESENT ALL THE NON-MAP FEATURES ON A MAP, DIRECTORATE OF LAND RECORDS & SURVEYS SELECTED 92 SYMBOLS. SOME OF THE SYMBOLS ARE IN-SITU (LIKE BUILDING) AND SOME OF THOSE ARE NOT IN-SITU (LIKE COCONUT TREE, KUCHA BUILDING ETC)
TO REPRESENT ALL THE SYMBOLS IN A MAP FURTHER IT NEEDS THE POSITION ,WHICH IS TO BE DIGITIZED

57. 92 ALAMATHS THE DIGITIZATION SHOULD BE IN THE FORM OF
LINE (THAT IS FOR RIVER, RAILWAY LINE, ROADS, PONDSIDE ETC)
AREA (THAT IS FOR BUILDING WHICH ARE IN-SITU, PAN BOROZE ETC)
POINT (THAT IS FOR TRAVERSE STATION, TREE POSITION, TELEGRAPH POST ETC)

58. INCLUSION OF PLOT NUMBERS
TO INCLUDE THE PLOT NUMBER AT EACH PLOT IT NEEDS TO GENERATE THE CENTROID OF EACH PLOT FROM THE AREA LAYER OF THE DIGITIZED DATA.
ANY GIS TOOL MAY BE USED FOR THIS INCLUSION.
UNICODE FONT MAY BE USED TO GET THE PLOT NUMBERS IN THE FORM OF LOCAL LANGUAGE.

59. MODEL INTEGRATION OF TEXT & SPATIAL DATA
BHUCHITRA software
LINE, AREA & POINT LAYER OF PLOT & MOUZA BOUNDARY
ROR Database
SYMBOL DB
SPATIAL DB
ALAMAT INFORMATION DB
IMAGE DB
ROR DATABASE (as existing)

60. SPATIAL DB NON SPATIAL DB CAN BE USED FOR GIS CAN BE USED FOR
REPRESEN-
TATION USING NIC
DEVELOPED
SOFTWARE
CAN BE USED FOR
MAP COMPOSITI-
ON USING
NIC-DEVELOPED
SOFTWARE

61. MAP COMPOSITION

62. Maintaining Quality Control
VENDOR NO NO NO
OK ?
OK ?
Alamat Checking
OK ?
JOB in Queue
HARD Copy Checking
Soft Copy Checking (*.shp)
Yes
Yes
Stage-III
Stage-I
Stage-II
Yes
DEPARTMENT

63. THANKS