0. Design Study on the Beam Line for RI Production at KOMAC
The 18th International Conference on
Accelerators and Beam Utilizations
November 13, 2014
Hyeok-Jung Kwon, Han-Sung Kim, Sang-Pil Yun,
Seong-Gu Kim, Yong-Sub Cho
KOMAC, KAERI

1. Outline Introduction : KOMAC & RI production plan Beam line design
Target design
Summary

2. Features of KOMAC 100MeV linac
Linac and Beam Lines
Features of KOMAC 100MeV linac
50-keV Injector (Ion source + LEBT)
3-MeV RFQ (4-vane type)
20 & 100-MeV DTL
RF Frequency : 350 MHz
Beam Extractions at 20 or 100 MeV
5 Beamlines for 20 MeV & 100 MeV
Output Energy (MeV) 20
100
Max. Peak Beam Current (mA)
1 ~ 20
Max. Beam Duty (%) 24 8
Avg. Beam Current (mA)
0.1 ~ 4.8
0.1 ~ 1.6
Pulse Length (ms)
0.1 ~ 2
0.1 ~ 1.33
Max. Repetition Rate (Hz)
120 60
Max. Avg. Beam Power (kW) 96
160
Linac
Ion Source
100MeV
Beam lines
20MeV
Beam lines
KOMAC started operation in 2013
Now, 2 beam lines are operating (1 for 20MeV, 1 for 100MeV)

3. KOMAC Site (Gyeongju) 100MeV Linac Target Room Easy access
: 2km from KTX Station (2 hours from Seoul)
: Near to Pohang and Busan
100MeV beam supply to users
: 1,569 irradiation samples in 2014
Inspection of facility for 10kW beam operation license was done by KINS at Nov. 11, 2014
Site: 180,000 m2
Building : 39,000 m2
Electricity : 154 kV, 20 MVA

4. PET imaging, Cardiology
RI Production Plan
Nuclides
Sr-82
Cu-67
Application
PET imaging, Cardiology
(Sr-82 / Rb-82 generator)
Cancer therapy
Half life
25.4 days
61.9 hours
Reaction
Nat Rb (n, xn) 82Sr
68Zn (p, 2p) 67Cu
Main Gamma
511keV
91.266keV / keV / keV
Target
RbCl
Zn / ZnO
Beam
100MeV, 60kW, 4 weeks
100MeV, 60kW, 2days
Construction plan
To start the beam line construction in 2015
Operation plan
User beam service at day-time
RI production at night-time

5. RI Production Strategy
Installation of the chemical processing & GMP facilities are not considered at KOMAC
For chemical processing of target & manufacturing RI product
Irradiation targets are transported to other facility which already has chemical processing facility (for example HANARO, ARTI, Gijang reactor facilities in KAERI)
KOMAC
Other facilities
100MeV proton irradiation Facility
Target development
Target preparation
Target irradiation
Target processing
Hot-cell
Target disintegration
Chemical processing
(separation & refining)
Manufacturing RI product
Target
transportation
HANARO : 30MW Research reactor at KAERI, RI production
ARTI : Advanced Research Technology Institute, KAERI branch, 30MeV Cyclotron RI production
Gijang reactor facilities : Will be constructed, KAERI branch, 40 min by car

6. RI Production Facilities Based on Linac
　Facility / Institute
KOMAC / KAERI
BLIP / BNL
IPF / LANL
Energy [MeV]
100
202
Peak current [mA] 20 37
13.335
Pulse width [us]
500
425
625
Rep rate [Hz] 60
6.67 30
Duty [%]
3.0
0.3
1.9
Average current [mA]
600.0
104.9
250.0
Peak power [MW]
2.0
7.5
1.3
Average power [kW]
60.0
21.2
25.0
Energy per pulse [J/pulse]
1000.0
3176.5
833.4
Target diameter [mm] 75 50
Beam size (FWHM) [mm]
14.2 * 12.4
19 * 12.5
12.5
Scanning method
Wobbling
Without scan
Beam window
AlBemat
Be+AlBemat+STS
Inconel

7. KOMAC Beam Line 100MeV DTL TR105 TR101 KOMAC beam line TR104 TR103

8. Beam Line for RI Production
BM1
FCV
Proton beam
QM2
QM1
DTL
QM3
QM4
BM2
Penetration hole
to beam line hall
Penetration hole
to Hot cell
QM5
Target
transport
Target
cooling skid
Target room (6m X 4m)
Beam window
& Target
BM3
QM6
Hot cell
BM4
Beam
scanning
Target room
(TR101)
Preparation room
(PR101)
Shielding
door
Major components
1.5T, 45 degree bending magnet
Beam scanning
Beam window
Target
Preparation room

9. Beam Optics QM1: 1.95608, 200mm QM2: 1.5, 400mm QM3: 3.5, 400mm
Beam radius at target (rms) x : 6.0mm, y: 5.3mm
Beam size at target (FWHM) x : 14.2mm, y: 12.4mm

10. 45 degree bending magnet Magnetic rigidity : 1.5 Tm
Bending radius : 1 m
Bending angle : 45 degree
Pole gap : 90 mm
GFR width : 100mm
Field uniformity within GFR : 0.1%
Shape : Rectangular
Type : H magnet
Parameter scan
Pole width : 310mm
Ampere factor : 1.48
Designed magnet can be installed
within a given space
Most parts < 1.5T
At the edge < 2 T
At the local point at the edge > 2T

11. Beam Scanning Main consideration
To reduce the heat load in local point
To install within limited space / with simple components
Method
Rotating a Halbach dipole array
2 sets array

12. Beam Spot Positions at the Target
Without scanning
Scanning with 2 magnets
(0.1Hz / 1.1Hz, 3000 G cm / 9000 G cm)
Scanning with 1 magnet
(1Hz, 9000 G cm)

13. Heat Load at the Target Gaussian distribution with 6mm rms beam radius
Without scanning
Scanning with 2 magnets
(0.1Hz / 1.1Hz, 3000 G cm / 9000 G cm)
Relative magnitude
of the maximum heat load
21.9 : 1.7 : 1
More uniform irradiation into the target
By using 2 magnets
(efficiently use the target)
Scanning with 1 magnet
(1Hz, 9000 G cm)

14. (Multiple beam window)
Beam Window – Option 1
Fixed cooling manifold for target assembly is attached to the window assembly
Water cooling for both window and target
To prevent the water leakage into the beam line, multiple windows are used
Several rupture of the STS window at BLIP (mainly corrosion)
BLIP case
(Multiple beam window)
Cooling water Be
AlBeMat
STS
Fixed part at target room
Target assembly from the hot cell

15. Beam Window – Option 2
Fixed cooling manifold for target assembly is separated from the beam window assembly
One window, one water cooling path for target only
Beam window cooling : Forced air
Accelerator side : relatively safe from the contamination
FCV can protect the accelerator when window is ruptured
AlBeMat
STS
Cooling water
Fixed part at target room
Target assembly from the hot cell

16. RI Production Target Assembly Design
RI targets (RbCl) are encapsulated in metal cladding
The cladding material was considered SUS316 or Inconel alloy
Targets are immersed in cooling water
RI target
Target holder
Target Assembly

17. RbCl Target Fabrication Study
RbCl target fabrication test at KOMAC
Pellet fabrication – RbCl powder compression
Target fabrication – Enclose the pellet with clad
100 Ton press
Punch and mold for powder compression

18. RbCl Pellet Fabrication Process
Powder preparation
(dry in vacuum oven)
Milling
Weighting
RbCl pellet
Powder compression
Powder inside the mold

19. 50mm diameter RbCl pellet Pellet thickness depending on pellet weight
RICl Pellet
Compression condition
Pressure: 350MPa
Adjusting RbCl weight to achieve desired thickness
Thickness is linearly increase according to RbCl weight
Achieved about 98% of theoretical density
(theoretical density of RbCl : 2.76 g/cm3 )
50mm diameter RbCl pellet
Pellet thickness depending on pellet weight

20. Target Cladding
Cladding without leakage is important not to contaminate the cooling system
Cladding material : STS 316 & inconel
Welding method 1 : EB welding (based on BLIP method)
Welding method 2 : Laser welding (Cheaper and more available than EB welding)
Target with RbCl pellet and cladding can be prepared at KOMAC
Welding
RbCl pellet inside cladding
cladding
Penetration test to check leak tight after welding

21. Thank you for your attention
Summary
KOMAC & Its RI production plan
Major components of the beam line
90 degree bending magnet
Scanning magnet
Beam window
Target study
RbCl pellet fabrication
Target cladding
Thank you for your attention