1. Cardiovascular

2. The heart

3. Formulas for blood volumes…
SV =
EF =
CO =
BP =

4. Disease of the Heart Ischaemic Heart Disease * Arrhythmias
Valvular stuff (Murmur) *
Heart Failure *
Infections
Cardiomyopathy

5. Ischaemic Heart Disease (IHD)
STABLE ANGINA
UNSTABLE ANGINA
IHD
Acute Coronary
Syndrome
NSTEMI
STEMI

6. Reading ECG in ACS Re-cap anatomy of coronary vasculature
Look at Einthoven triangle.

7. Arrhythmias –intro Sinus Brady Brady Heart Blocks: 1,2,3
SVT: Sinus Tachy, Afib, A.Flutter, Atrial tachycardia, AVNRT & AVRT
Tachy
Ventricular! VF and VT

9. Murmurs = Problem with the valves
Systole vs Diastole
Stenosis Vs Regurgitation

10. Systolic murmur Aortic Stenosis Pulmonary Stenosis
Crescendo-descresendo Murmur
Radiates to Carotids
Best heard?
Slow rising pulse
PC?
Mx?
LVH and HF
Pulmonary Stenosis
Mitral Regurgitation
Pan-systolic murmur ?
Radiates to axilla?
Mitral valve prolapse?
Tricuspid Regurgitation
no radiation

11. Diastolic Murmur Aortic Regurgitation Diminishing decrescendo Murmur?
Collapsing pulse and wide pulse pressure?
Lower left sternal edge?
Pulmonary Regurgitation
Upper left sternal edge
Mitral Stenosis
Opening snap, mid diastolic murmur / rumble?
Heard in mitral area
Mallor flush
Tricuspid Stenosis
Tricuspid area

12. Heart Failure = just low CO?
Pathophysiology of heart failure = Viscous cycle
Damage to heart
Baroreceptors
Sympathetic drive –BB
RAAS activated
Reduced renal perfusion – RAAS
Chronic Remodelling