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Counselling Techniques
Presenter: Reckonel G. Simpson April 2017 1
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Ground Rules Participation Communication Acknowledge each other
Active, everyone has a view and it is welcomed Communication Open, Honest, Genuine Acknowledge each other Be respectful, speak one at a time Cell Phones – vibrate/silent/off Let the learning process be fun!
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Learning Objectives Knowledge: Define Counselling
Identify the characteristics of an effective counsellor Learning Objectives Explain the core values of counselling State at least four (4) guidelines for effective counselling 3
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Learning Objectives Skill: Attitude:
Demonstrate steps in the counselling process Attitude: Learning Objectives Justify the importance of feedback in counselling Develop an appreciation of the importance of counselling employees 4
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What is Counselling? 5
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Counselling The term ‘counselling’ includes work with
individuals which may be developmental, crisis support, psychotherapeutic, guiding or problem solving The task of counselling is to give the ‘client’ an opportunity to explore, discover and clarify ways of living more satisfyingly and resourcefully. (The British Association for Counselling (BAC) 1984)
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http://www. communitycounselling. org
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Counselling Counselling is one of several mental health professions that helps people and institutions cope with the increased stresses of our world. Helping persons, help themselves.
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Why Counsel? 9
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Counselling is usually conducted for the following reasons:
Insight Self-awareness Relating with others Self-acceptance Self-actualization or individuation Problem-solving • Insight: Understanding the origins of emotional difficulties will result in an increased capacity to have control over feelings and actions • Relating with others: Becoming better able to form and maintain meaningful and satisfying relationships with other people: for example, within the family or workplace. • Self-awareness: Becoming more aware of thoughts and feelings that had been blocked off or denied, or developing a more accurate sense of how self is perceived by others. • Self-acceptance: The development of a positive attitude towards self, marked by an ability to acknowledge areas of experience that had been the subject of self-criticism and rejection. • Self-actualization or individuation: Moving in the direction of fulfilling potential or achieving an integration of previously conflicting parts of self.
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Counselling is usually conducted for the following reasons:
Acquisition of social skills Cognitive change Behaviour change Systemic change Empowerment Restitution • Problem-solving: Finding a solution to a specific problem that the client had not been able to resolve alone. Acquiring a general competence in problem-solving. • Acquisition of social skill: Learning and mastering social and interpersonal skills such as maintenance of eye contact, turn-taking in conversations, assertiveness or anger control. • Cognitive change: The modification or replacement of irrational beliefs or maladaptive thought patterns associated with self-destructive behaviour. • Behaviour change: The modification or replacement of maladaptive or self destructive patterns of behaviour. • Systemic change: Introducing change into the way in that social systems (e.g. families) operate. • Empowerment: Working on skills, awareness and knowledge that will enable the client to take control of his or her own life. • Restitution: Helping the client to make amends for previous destructive behaviour.
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The Effective Counsellor
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Effective counsellor…
Aware of self & values In touch with own feelings Interested in people and social change Unbiased Authentic, sincere and honest Professional attitude Effective communication skills Empathetic & Warm Genuine Confidential Tactful Non-judgmental in approach
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Do normal people need counselling?
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Counselling is appropriate for anyone experiencing any of the following…..
Feelings of helplessness and hopelessness Personal issues interfering with sleep, eating habits, concentration, academic performance, and/or relationships Persistent worry Prolonged sadness Feeling depressed, lethargic, or apathetic
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Counselling is appropriate for anyone experiencing any of the following…..
Thoughts of suicide or wanting to harm yourself Increased irritability, inappropriate mood swings, angry outbursts Engaging in bizarre, threatening or dangerous behaviour, violent or other extremely disruptive behaviour. Indecisiveness or difficulties making decisions
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Counselling is appropriate for anyone experiencing any of the following…..
Loss of control of your life Experiencing uncertainty about or career Concerned about behaviour or psychological status of someone else (e.g., partner, family member, peer) and wondering about how or even whether you should intervene
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Counselling is appropriate for anyone experiencing any of the following…..
Persons feeling demoralized Persons loosing faith in their belief system Anxious, depressed persons Persons with identity problem Healthy persons facing crisis Persons who want to be helped
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Employee Counselling is needed at the workplace when there is a….
Sudden changes in behaviour or mood Loss of contact with reality Reduction or fluctuation in productivity Increase in tardiness or absenteeism Increased fatigue Increasingly pre-occupied Angry and complaining
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Core Values of Counselling
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Core Values For Counselling
Empathy Genuineness Integrity Professionalism Warmth Unconditional Positive Regard & Respect Concreteness Openness
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How is Counselling Done?
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The 5-D Model of Counselling
Develop relationship. Define problem. Determine goals. Decide on a plan of action. Do follow-up. Note: The phases are fluid and so do not necessarily follow strictly in the order given. Sometimes a counsellor may go back and forth between stages.
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The 5-D Model of Counselling
Counselling could stop after any phase. Sometimes all that is required are the first one or two phases. For example, a client after expressing the problem and then examining it more clearly with the help of the counsellor might make a decision immediately and might not require any help at all.
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The 5-D Model of Counselling
Phase 1 – Developing the Relationship: During this initial stage, create an atmosphere of trust, respect and establish rapport with the individual.
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The 5-D Model of Counselling
Phase 2 – Defining the Problem: The problem must first be defined by the counselee’s point of view. Often the problem needs to be redefined more objectively. It’s important to show that the counsellor understands the problem from the counselee’s point of view before challenging them to look at the problem more objectively.
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The 5-D Model of Counselling
Steps in Defining the Problem: Examine the problems Prioritize the relevant issues Focus on perspective Acceptance of the problem Emphasize on self responsibility Analyze and solve problems
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The 5-D Model of Counselling
Phase 3 – Determining Goals: Choose and prioritize goals and objectives Make commitments
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The 5-D Model of Counselling
Phase 4 – Decide on a Plan of Action: To be workable, the plan must fit into the counsellee’s life plan, goals, values and the time that is available: Generate and explore alternatives Decision making Specific steps
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The 5-D Model of Counselling
Phase 5 – Doing the Follow-up Here support is given to the counsellee. The follow-up also includes ensuring that the action plan is implemented effectively.
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Guidelines for Effective Counselling
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Create a non-threatening and supportive atmosphere for discussion
Emphasize confidentiality Focus your attention Listen patiently Avoid offering hasty advice Use your active listening skills Provide supportive responses Focus all job performance expectations Convey confidence in the employee
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Help the employee to identify and articulate the problem
Help the employee to look at several alternatives for solving the problem Don’t solve the problem for the employee Encourage the employee to articulate an action Plan Refer problems that are beyond your expertise
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Feedback 35
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Effective Feedback A verbal or nonverbal communication to a person or group providing information as to how their behaviour is affecting or influencing you (giving feedback). It might also be a reaction by others as to how your behaviour is affecting them.
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Importance of Feedback
Achieve personal growth Gains insight and find out about self Create an open and safe environment for clear communication
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Guidelines for Feedback
Be specific rather than general Focus on behaviour Take into account the needs of the receiver Should be solicited Share information rather than advice Be timely Evaluative not judgmental Clearly communicated
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What To Do With Feedback
USE IT THINK ABOUT IT FORGET IT
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What important value (s) have you learnt today??
How do you intend to use the knowledge gained in your place of work?
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Summary What is “counselling”?
What are the characteristics of an effective counsellor? What are the core values of counselling? Explain the guidelines for effective counselling. Identify and explain the counselling process. What is the importance of feedback?
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