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The Great Century and the Rise of Mission
The History of Christianity The Great Century and the Rise of Mission © John Stevenson, 2017
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David Brainerd Studied at Yale Licensed to preach by the “New Lights”
Studied at Yale Influenced by Edwards and Whitefield Expelled for having commented that his tutor “has no more grace than a chair” Licensed to preach by the “New Lights”
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David Brainerd Went as a missionary to Housatonic Indians
Went as a missionary to Housatonic Indians Contracted tuberculosis Died in home of Jonathan Edwards Friends with Jerusha Edwards
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David Brainerd “Let me forget the world and be swallowed up in the desire to glorify God”
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Second Great Awakening
Timeline Second Great Awakening American Civil War 1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 Hudson Taylor Carey Livingston
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William Carey Shoemaker Particular Baptist (Calvinist)
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William Carey “Young man, sit down; when God pleases to convert the heathen, he will do it without your aid and mine.”
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“Expect great things from God; attempt great things for God.”
William Carey Shoemaker Particular Baptist (Calvinist) Pastor “Expect great things from God; attempt great things for God.”
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William Carey Shoemaker Particular Baptist (Calvinist) Pastor
Shoemaker Particular Baptist (Calvinist) Pastor Missionary to India Self supporting Communal living Translations of the Bible Accredited College
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“To know the will of God, we need an open Bible and open map.”
William Carey “To know the will of God, we need an open Bible and open map.”
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“Expect great things from God. Attempt great things for God.”
William Carey “Expect great things from God. Attempt great things for God.”
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India Syrian Church Roman Catholic Church Protestant Churches
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India Syrian Church Roman Catholic Church Protestant Churches
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Five students at Williams College in Massachusetts
Haystack Prayer Meeting 1806 Five students at Williams College in Massachusetts Student Missionary Societies
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David Livingston Scottish Congregationalist
Scottish Congregationalist Theological & medical training Plans for China as a missionary Africa African slave trade Open travel routes for European civilization
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David Livingston Travel across Africa
Travel across Africa Limited accompaniment Advocated abolition Focused more on exploration & less on evangelism Chief Sechele Polygamy
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Hudson Taylor Missionary to China Founded China Inland Mission
Missionary to China Founded China Inland Mission 800 Missionaries from various denominations 125 schools Adopted Chinese clothing
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Hudson Taylor “If I had a thousand pounds China should have it - if I had a thousand lives, China should have them. No! Not China, but Christ. Can we do too much for Him? Can we do enough for such a precious Savior?”
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Hudson Taylor “The great commission is not an option to be considered; it is a command to be obeyed.”
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“God’s work, done in God’s way, will never lack God’s supply.”
Hudson Taylor “God’s work, done in God’s way, will never lack God’s supply.”
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Hudson Taylor “I used to ask God to help me. Then I asked if I might help him. I ended up by asking Him to do His work through me.”
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Began as an evangelist to the Jews Minister in small chapel
George Muller Began as an evangelist to the Jews Minister in small chapel Scriptural Knowledge Institute Training teachers Distributing Bibles and tracts Support for Orphanages
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Founding member of Plymouth Brethren
George Muller Series of Orphanages No financial requests Careful financial records A Life of Prayer Founding member of Plymouth Brethren Calvinist
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George Muller “Be assured that Christianity is something more than forms and creeds and ceremonies: there is life, and power, and reality, in our holy faith.”
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George Muller “The natural mind is ever prone to reason, when we ought to believe; to be at work, when we ought to be quiet; to go our own way, when we ought steadily to walk on in God’s ways, however trying to nature.”
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George Muller “Let no one profess to trust in God, and yet lay up for future wants, otherwise the Lord will first send him to the hoard he has amassed, before He can answer the prayer for more.”
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Second Great Awakening
Timeline Second Great Awakening American Civil War 1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 Dispensationalism John Nelson Darby God has two separate plans & peoples Two kinds of Christians: Spiritual/Fleshly Christ has two future comings
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Splinter from the Quakers
Shakers Splinter from the Quakers United Society of Believers in Christ’s Second Appearing “Shaking Quakers” End of the world near Believed the second coming would be through a woman
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Mother Ann Lee Joined Group in 1758 Claimed to have revelations
Shakers Mother Ann Lee Joined Group in 1758 Claimed to have revelations Sexual relations root of all evil Tongues God male and female She was the Second Coming of Christ
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New leaders after death of Mother Ann Lee (1784)
Shakers New leaders after death of Mother Ann Lee (1784) Joseph Meacham Lucy Wright Gender Equality Communal Living Pacifists Exempted from military service by Lincoln
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Followers of George Rapp
Rappites Followers of George Rapp Lutheran separatist Claimed to be a prophet Led a group of followers from Germany to the Americas Premillennial Napoleon as the Anti-Christ Celibacy & Communal living Christ coming in 1829
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Founded by John Noyes Conversion under Finney Yale Divinity School
Oneida Community Founded by John Noyes Conversion under Finney Yale Divinity School Full Preterist Perfectionism
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Oneida Community Founded by John Noyes “I took away their license to sin and they go on sinning; they have taken away my license to preach but I shall go on preaching.”
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Established a community of followers in Oneida, NY
Oneida Community Founded by John Noyes Established a community of followers in Oneida, NY Designed to experience the Millennium Communal Living Spiritual vs Physical sexuality Controlled Breeding Escape to Canada
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Second Great Awakening
Timeline Second Great Awakening American Civil War 1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 John Nelson Darby Mormons Joseph Smith
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Founded by Joseph Smith
Mormons Founded by Joseph Smith “Burned over District” of New York Treasure hunter Seer Stone Angel Moroni Golden Tablets Urim & Thummim
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Book of Mormon Published in 1830
Mormons Book of Mormon Published in 1830 Family leaves Jerusalem in 600 B.C. and travels to America Nephites versus Lamanites Jesus comes to America Final destruction of Nephites Other sheep (John 10:16)
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Community moved to Kirtland, Ohio (1831) Move to Missouri
Mormons Community moved to Kirtland, Ohio (1831) Move to Missouri Garden of Eden in Missouri Polygamy Move to Illinois Mormon War (1838) Arrested Lynched (1844)
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Brigham Young Move to Utah Salt Lake City Part of Mexico
Mormons Brigham Young Move to Utah Salt Lake City Part of Mexico Mexican War: United States California Gold Rush Statehood denied in 1890 because of polygamy Statehood: 1896
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All existence is material God has a physical body
Mormons All existence is material God has a physical body God has another god over him Jesus and Satan are “spirit brothers” Polygamy Proxy Baptisms
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Timeline 1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 Second Great Awakening
American Civil War 1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 William Miller John Nelson Darby Mormons Millerites Seventh Day Adventists
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Second Great Awakening
Timeline Second Great Awakening American Civil War 1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 John Nelson Darby Mormons Millerites Darwin’s Origin of the Species
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Catholicism in America
Tiny minority at American Revolution Growth of Catholic Population Louisiana Purchase (1803) Irish immigrants German Catholic immigrants Mexican-American War (1848)
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Catholicism in America
Anti-Catholic Propaganda Fox’s Book of Martyrs Maria Monk (1836)
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Catholicism in America
Anti-Catholic Propaganda Fox’s Book of Martyrs Maria Monk (1836) Know-Nothing Party Anti-immigration Anti-Catholic
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Catholicism in America
Anti-Catholic Propaganda Fox’s Book of Martyrs Maria Monk (1836) Know-Nothing Party Anti-immigration Anti-Catholic Catholic Parochial Schools
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How did the Roman Catholic doctrine of Mary’s immaculate conception (1854) help pave the way for the doctrine of papal infallibility a few years later (1870)?
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Discuss the Roman Catholic doctrine of Papal Infallibility
How was this received by the church? What are the limitations of this teaching? What kind of authority do Protestant leaders claim?
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Denominations that Split over Slavery
American Civil War Issues of the War States Rights Slavery Denominations that Split over Slavery Presbyterians Methodists Baptists
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Southern Churches defended slavery as Biblical
American Civil War Southern Churches defended slavery as Biblical Slavery in the Bible “Both Christianity and Slavery are from Heaven, both are blessings to humanity; both are to be perpetuated to the end of time” (Baptist Pastor Ebenezer Warren)
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Southern Churches defended slavery as Biblical
American Civil War Southern Churches defended slavery as Biblical Slavery in the Bible Laws against slave literacy Laws against manumission Christian Blacks Redemption theme Red Sea / Ohio River
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Expectation of a short war 600,000 casualties Men of Faith
American Civil War Expectation of a short war 600,000 casualties Men of Faith Sabbath observances Military chaplains became popular Stonewall Jackson
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Expectation of a short war 600,000 casualties Sabbath observances
American Civil War Expectation of a short war 600,000 casualties Sabbath observances Military chaplains became popular Tracts distributed
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American Civil War Good Friday
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Methodist Churches Methodist Episcopal Church
1784 Wesleyan Methodist Church (Against slavery) 1841 Methodist Episcopal Church, South 1845
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Baptist Denominations
Particular & Regular Baptists Early 1600’s Free Will Baptists 1727 Old Light / New Light 1740’s Primitive Baptists 1827 Southern Baptists 1845
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Episcopal Church Protestant Episcopal Church Protestant Episcopal Church in the Confederate States of America 1861
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Presbyterian Church Presbyterian Church in the United States of America Presbyterian Church in the Confederate States 1861
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Presbyterian Church Presbyterian Church in the United States of America Presbyterian Church in the United States 1861 Orthodox Presbyterian Church Presbyterian Church in America
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Presbyterian Church Presbyterian Church in the United States of America Presbyterian Church in the United States 1983 Orthodox Presbyterian Church Presbyterian Church in America
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