1. Technology and Columbian Exchange

2. Technology
Astrolabe: Allows sailors to determine their latitude or how far north or south of the equator they are
Perfected by the Muslims
Brass Circle with carefully adjusted rings marked off in degrees

3. Sextant Replaced the Astrolabe in mid-1700s
Measured the height of the stars above the horizon
Allowed them to determine latitude and longitude

4. Compass Invented by the Chinese
Used by sailors to more accurately track the direction they were headed

5. Columbian Exchange
The global transfer of foods, plants and animals during the colonization of the Americas
From the Americas: Tomatoes, squash, pineapples, tobacco, and cacao beans. Also sent Turkey
Most important: Corn and potatoes (Healthy and helped sustain larger populations)
From Europe: Horses, cattle, sheep and pigs
From Africa: bananas, black-eyed peas and yams.
Wheat, rice, barley and oats

6. Negative Effects of the Columbian Exchange
Disease brought to the new world: smallpox and measles
Led to the death of millions of Native Americans
Other diseases: influenza, typhus, malaria and diphtheria

8. Global Trade Leads to the rise of Capitalism: Private ownership
Joint-Stock Companies: Modern-day corporations- investors buying shares of stock in a company
Combining wealth from a common purpose: American Colonization
Mercantilism: Power depended mainly on its wealth
Balance of Trade
Have as much gold and silver as possible
Favorable Balance of Trade