1. Respiratory System
Chapter 14

2. Introduction https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bHZsvBdUC2I

3. Functions of the Respiratory System
Inspiration – inhaling or breathing in
Expiration – exhaling, or breathing out
There are 4 respiratory jobs:
Breathing: entrance and exit of air into and out of the lungs
External respiration: the exchange of gases between air and blood
Internal respiration: the exchange of gases between blood and tissue fluid
Transport of gases to and from the lungs and the tissues
These jobs are required for cellular respiration to continue

4. Respiratory Tract The path of air from the nose to the lungs
The airway cleanses, warms, and moistens the air before it gets to the lungs

5. Upper Respiratory Tract
Respiratory Tract – pg 277
Upper Respiratory Tract
Nasal cavities
Pharynx
Glottis
Larynx
Lower Respiratory Tract
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Lungs

6. The Nose Nasal conchae- warm and moisten air that is breathed in
Cilia on the cells that line the nasal cavity have odor sensors
The lacrimal glands drain into the nasal cavity
This is why your nose gets runny when you cry!

8. The pharynx Connects the nasal and oral cavities
Contains the tonsils which are lymphatic tissue that contain antigens which help fight off pathogens that may enter.
Air passageway and food passageway cross paths

9. The larynx Triangular cartilaginous box
Passageway into the larynx is called the glottis
The glottis is surrounded by the vocal chords
During puberty the growth of the larynx explains the males crackling voice and larger adam’s apple
When you swallow the larynx moves upward to close the glottis
The epiglottis, which is a flap above the larynx also comes down to close the passageway

12. Trachea (the “windpipe”)
Surrounded by cartilage “C” shaped rings so that it doesn’t collapse
Mucous and cilia keep this airway clean of debris
Mucous is secreted by goblet cells.

13. Trachea (the “windpipe”)
Tracheostomy – is an operation to put in an artificial breathing tube
Smoking is known to destroy the cilia and this is why soot builds up in smoker’s lungs.

14. Bronchial Tree Trachea divides into the right and left bronchi
Those primary bronchi branch off into smaller bronchioles
During an asthma attack the bronchioles contract causing the characteristic wheezing
Bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchi

15. Lungs Right lung has three lobes and the left has two lobes
Each lung is enclosed in a double membrane called the pleura
Between the membranes is a fluid that prevents friction
The lungs are composed of alveoli – small air sacs
The alveoli walls are thin and covered with capillaries
Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across the alveoli and capillary boundaries

16. Isssues with Breathing
Emphysema is a degenerative disease that breaks down the walls of alveoli reducing the amount of surface area for gas exchange
Often caused by smoking
Makes it difficult to breathe
Pneumonia is a viral or bacterial infection in which the bronchi and alveoli fill with thick fluid

18. Homeostasis
How does the respiratory system have to work with other systems of the body?
Circulatory, nervous, skeletal, muscular, digestive, etc…