1. Plastic material basics
Chemistry
Ways to classify
What else than polymer in plastics
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2. Are all plastics the same?
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3. Features of plastics Light Flexible Impact resistance
Good corrosion resistance
Good chemical resistance
Easy to form
Good insulator  bad conductor
Does not stand high temperatures
Creep
Cracking by tension
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4. Ways to classify plastics
Thermosets / thermoplastics /elastomers
Commodity polymers / engineering polymers / high performance polymers
Synthetic plastics / natural plastics
Expensive
high performance polymers
Price
engineering polymers
Cheap
Commodity polymers
Amorphous
Crystalline
(Elastomeres)
Thermoplastics
Thermosets
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5. Polymer Mineral oil = carbon + hydrogen + Silicone oxide
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6. Plastics Polymer Fillers Additives Reinforcements Pigments
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7. Polymer Addition polymerization Pressure Heat catalyst
Condensation polymerization
Water breaks out from joint
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8. Length of molecule =>mol mass
Methane CH4 gas
Pentane C5H12 fluid
Solid paraffin
Wax
Plastics e.g. PE - LD
Entanglement and molecular weight increases to the right
Strength increases to the right
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9. Amorphous plastics Can be transparent Small shrinkage
Poor chemical strength
PS, PVC, PC, PMMA
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10. Crystalline polymer Wear resistant Big shrinkage
Good chemical strength
PE, PP, PET
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11. Chemical bond Secondary bond (weak) covalent bond(strong)
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12. Thermoplastics Straight chains From chain to an other weak force Melts
Reformable
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13. Thermosets Cross links Does not melt by adding heat
Good heat resistance
Good mechanical strength
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14. Fillers over 10% Expense reduction Smaller shrinkage calcite talc
kaoline
Glass balls
Carbon
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15. Colour pigments Effects on plastics properties
Natural colour of polymer
Master batch, pasta, liquid and powder
Less than 0,1 % in a product
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16. Additives From fractions of % to some % Softeners Lubricates
UV-resistance
Combustion modifiers
Blowing agents
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17. Reinforcements Glass fibre Carbon fibre Aramid fibre (Kevlar)‏
Natural fibres
Cellulose
Hemp
Linen
Cotton
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