1. Advise on beauty products and services
SHB50115 Diploma of Beauty Therapy
WRB20104
WRBCS201B – PROVIDE MANICURE AND PEDICURE SERVICES
SHBBBOS005 Use reflexology relaxation techniques in beauty treatments
LEARNING MATERIAL
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Advise on beauty products and services

2. Use reflexology relaxation techniques in beauty treatments
UNIT SCOPE
Element 1. Establish client priorities.
1.1 Develop, or access and review client treatment.
1.2 Discuss treatment requirements with client.
1.3 Identify contraindications to treatment, and refer client to appropriate professional as required.
1.4 Explain principles of reflexology, treatment sequence and factors that may restrict treatment.
1.5 Confirm revised treatment plan, record updates and obtain client consent.
2. Prepare for reflexology treatment.
2.1 Prepare treatment area and self.
2.2 Use energy, water and other resources efficiently during preparation and subsequent treatment process to reduce negative environmental impacts.
2.3 Prepare client and select treatment products.
3. Provide reflexology treatment.
3.1 Drape client for warmth, with feet and hands exposed as required.
3.2 Ensure client comfort and modesty throughout treatment.
3.3 Select, apply and sequence reflexology relaxation techniques to zones of the body according to treatment plan.
3.4 Use leverage and pressure to apply reflexology techniques while holding and supporting the foot adequately.
3.5 Work on reflexology points of both feet according to treatment plan.
3.6 Monitor client reactions and adjust reflexology technique and duration as required.
3.7 Allow post treatment recovery time in a relaxing environment.
4. Review treatment and provide post treatment advice.
4.1 Evaluate treatment with client.
4.2 Record outcomes of treatment on client treatment plan.
4.3 Provide aftercare advice and recommend products and future treatments.
4.4 Rebook client for future treatment as required.
5. Clean treatment area.
5.1 Remove used linen and clean surfaces and equipment according to organisational policies and procedures.
5.2 Replenish treatment area for next treatment.
5.3 Dispose general waste and any hazardous substances to minimise negative environmental impacts according to organisational policies and procedures.
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3. Use reflexology relaxation techniques in beauty treatments
UNIT SCOPE CONTINUED
Foundation skills – 6 to 9
6. Student demonstrated foundation skills when they used writing skills to record treatment using basic anatomy and physiology terminology.
7. Student demonstrated foundation skills when they used oral communication skills to select and use appropriate terminology in consultations with clients.
8. Student demonstrated foundation skills when they used numeracy skills to calculate treatment price and timing, calculate distances between reflexology points.
9. Student demonstrated foundation skills when they used technology skills to use software to update client notes, rebook future treatments, record stock data and product purchases.
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4. Use reflexology relaxation techniques in beauty treatments
History of reflexology
There is evidence of reflexology existing in ancient cultures with archaeological findings suggestion this method of applying pressure to the feet and hands is that of an ancient tradition. A high-ranking official during the time of the Egyptian Sixth Dynasty, 2323 to 2150 BCE, was buried in the ancient burial grounds. There are pictographs displaying multiple scenes of people undergoing medical treatment. It is thought that this foot therapy spread from Egypt through to the Roman Empire. Ancient China used foot therapy in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). The feet have held symbolical importance for both spiritual and physical well-being from all parts of the world. There is evidence in the 16th century of Europeans using strong pressure on fingers and toes to relieve pain. An American doctor, William Fitzgerald discovered zone therapy in the early 1900’s. He divided the body into ten equal longitudinal energy zones, five relating to the right half of the body and five relating to the left half of the body.
Modern reflexology.
The term reflexology was first coined by the Russian neurologist and psychiatrist, Vladimir Bekterev, in Eunice Ingham, a doctor’s assistant, developed modern reflexology. She related the anatomical structure of the body with the energy zones located on the feet, and found that they provided a mirror image of the entire body. She brought popularity to the field in the 1940s and 1950s with two publications, Stories the Feet Can Tell, and Stories the Feet Have Told. Her method, conducted on the feet, involves pressure applied by ‘thumb walking’ in which the thumb (or fingers) bends and straightens while maintaining a constant pressure across the areas being treated.
Many forms of reflexology.
Because of the many cultures contributing to reflexology around the world there are many styles of reflexology. The basic elements are;
Stimulation is through varying pressure to a specific reflex point.
The reflex maps are an exact mirror of the human body and includes reflexes for every organ, gland and body part.
These maps are based on the body’s extremities; the feet, the hands, the ears and in some cases the head.
Reflexology is a holistic therapy in which pressure and massage is used to release energy blocks, break down crystalline structures, encourage toxin release and stimulate the immune system in the body.
Use reflexology relaxation techniques in beauty treatments

5. Reflexology zones of the body DESCRIPTION OF VIEWS OF FEET AND HANDS
Zone one
Begins with;
Thumb
Up to arms, shoulders, neck and brain
Down to big toe
Zone two
Index finger
Down to second toe
Zone three
Middle finger
Down to third toe
Zone four
Ring finger
Down to fourth toe
Zone five
Little finger
Down to fifth toe
DESCRIPTION OF VIEWS OF FEET AND HANDS
Plantar view
This refers to the sole of the foot and the palm of the hand
Dorsal view
This refers to the top of the foot or hand
Medial view
This refers to the outer edge of the foot and hand
Lateral view
This refers to the inner edge of the foot and hand
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6. Use reflexology relaxation techniques in beauty treatments
The feet
Reflexology works on the theory that each area of the body is reflected in the feet. When applying pressure to particular areas on the feet, the corresponding areas of the body can benefit. Reflexes to the organs situated on the right side of the body are found on the right foot, while organs on the left side of the body are found on the left foot. Some reflexes are located on one foot only. The liver reflex lies on the right foot while the descending colon reflex lies on the left foot.
Use reflexology relaxation techniques in beauty treatments

7. PRESSURE POINTS ON THE FOOT
Pressure points of the foot
Each number relates to a particular part of the body where its pressure point is found on the foot.
PRESSURE POINTS ON THE FOOT 1.
Pineal 2.
Pituitary 3.
Eyes 4.
Ears 5.
Throat 6.
Neck 7.
Lung 8.
Thymus 9.
Thyroid
10.
Parathyroids
11.
Liver
12.
Gallbladder
13.
Heart
14.
Spleen
15.
Spine
16.
Waist
17.
Stomach
18.
Pancreas
19.
Adrenal
20.
Kidney
21.
Colon
22.
Ileocecal valve
23.
Appendix
24.
Bladder
25.
Lower lumbar
26.
Small intestine
27.
Sciatic nerve
28.
Haemorrhoids
29.
Testes and ovaries
30.
Lymph glands
31.
Prostrate
32.
Penis and uterus
Best practice principles of reflexology.
Reflexologists cannot heal patients.
Using reflexology, the human body responds to touch which encourages healing.
Reflexology cannot replace medical treatments.
Reflexology is used as an alternative treatment or a complementary therapy.
Reflexology differs from foot massage.
Legal responsibilities - duty of care.
Duty of care is part of the National Occupational Health and Safety Commission Act The National Occupational Health and Safety Commission (NOHSC) can issue penalties if salon staff breach duty of care policies.
Reflexologists should develop and maintain a duty of care policy document for reflexology treatments.
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8. Use reflexology relaxation techniques in beauty treatments
Pressure points of the foot
Each number relates to a particular part of the body where its pressure point is found on the foot. See previous page.
Bones of the foot.
The foot is made up of 26 bones subdivided into seven tarsal bone, five metatarsal bones and 14 phalanges similar to finger bones with three in each toe except for the big toe which has two bones.
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9. Use reflexology relaxation techniques in beauty treatments
Muscles and tendons of the foot
Ligament is a short band of tough, flexible fibrous connective tissue which connects two bones or cartilages or holds together a joint.
Tendon is a flexible but inelastic cord of strong fibrous collagen tissue attaching a muscle to a bone.
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10. Use reflexology relaxation techniques in beauty treatments
The hands
Reflexology also works on each area of the body that is reflected in the hands. When applying pressure to particular areas on the hands, the corresponding areas of the body can benefit. Reflexes to the organs situated on the right side of the body are found on the right hand, while organs on the left side of the body are found on the left hand. Some reflexes are located on one hand only. The liver reflex is found only on the right hand while the heart reflex is found only on the left hand.
Use reflexology relaxation techniques in beauty treatments

11. PRESSURE POINTS ON THE HAND
Pressure points of the hand
Each number relates to a particular part of the body where its pressure point is found on the hand.
PRESSURE POINTS ON THE HAND 1.
Sinuses 2.
Colds and nerves 3.
Nerves and ears 4.
Ears 5.
Eyes 6.
Brain and pituitary 7.
Pineal 8.
Head and nerves 9.
Throat
10.
Neck
11.
Lungs
12.
Solar plexus
13.
Thymus
14.
Adrenal
15.
Kidney
16.
Stomach
17.
Pancreas
18.
Liver
19.
Gall bladder
20.
Shoulder
21.
Heart
22.
Spleen
23.
Colon
24.
Intestines
25.
Bladder
26.
Appendix
27.
Hip
28.
Thyroid
29.
Parathyroids
30.
Spine
31.
Haemorrhoids
32.
Lower lumbar
33.
Testes and ovaries
34.
Uterus and penis
35.
Prostrate
Biomechanics.
Biomechanics is the study of body movements and of the forces acting on the musculoskeletal system.
The study and application of biomechanics are fundamental to the practice of orthopaedics.
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12. Use reflexology relaxation techniques in beauty treatments
Pressure points of the hand
Each number relates to a particular part of the body where its pressure point is found on the hand. See previous page.
Bones of the fingers
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13. Use reflexology relaxation techniques in beauty treatments
Reflexology and good health
Reflexology is a non invasive technique which enables the body to obtain and maintain a healthy condition. The purpose of the blood is to transport nutrition, glucose and oxygen to all parts of the body. The blood travels approximately 270,370 kilometres per day to supply about 60 trillion cells in the body. The heart pumps about 103,000 times per day. It is in the hands and feet that blood transfers from arteries to veins to return back to the heart.
Reflexology is able to relax a specific area of the body enough to improve the blood supply to that area. This will then allow improved transportation of the nutrition, glucose and oxygen which that area of the body desperately needs to function or to regulate.
The purpose of the lymphatic system is to cleanse and purify the body and lubricate the muscles. The lymphatic system cannot cleanse or purify very well if it is weak, sick or congested. A healthy person's body will rid itself of at least three and a half kilograms of toxic waste per day through the four channels of elimination; kidneys, bowels, skin and the breath. The lymph flows in one direction only, toward the heart. Every lymphatic vessel begins and ends in the hands and feet. Using reflexology relaxation techniques within beauty treatments will assist the body to cleanse and strengthen itself.
When using the thumb and finger techniques on the reflexes, the body responds by relaxing, rebalancing and improving blood circulation. The hands are not as sensitive as the feet. The feet reflex points are much deeper than the hands, however a hand reflexology treatment can be extremely beneficial. Hand reflexology can be used at the start or end of a foot reflexology treatment, or as a stand alone treatment in its own right. It is particularly useful, when the foot is injured or other problems may prevent reflexology on the feet.
The aims of reflexology is to;
relax a particular area of the body through a highly specialised specific relaxation technique.
improve nerve, blood and lymphatic supply.
persuade the body to biologically correct itself.
allow the body to reach homeostasis (state of equilibrium).
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14. Use reflexology relaxation techniques in beauty treatments
The benefits of reflexology
A reflexologist treats a client holistically so that, through improving the general health of the body, the body is in a better condition to heal itself.
A reflexology treatment can relieve stress by making the client feel more relaxed. Relieving tension in the body helps improve circulation, aids the elimination of wastes and generally rebalances and re-energizes the body. Inorganic waste products that cannot be broken down, such as uric acid and calcium crystals, can accumulate in the feet. An experienced reflexologist will aim to locate and break up these crystals, aiding their elimination from the body.
A reflexology massage may assist with hormonal problems. It may also assist with allergies, hypertension, arthritis, back and neck problems, digestive problems, ear, nose and throat disorders, headaches and skin conditions. Reflexology can be preventative therapy.
Other effects can be improvements in;
Acute and chronic conditions.
Stress related conditions.
Sleep disorders.
Sports injuries.
Mental alertness.
Stimulation of creativity and productivity.
Inter-relationships between body systems.
Reflexology techniques are compatible with beauty treatments such as;
Manicure procedures.
Pedicare procedures.
Manual body treatments.
Aromatic massages.
Some spa treatments.
Developing a client treatment plan which incorporates reflexology relaxation techniques requires you to consider;
The compatibility of the other treatments
The client’s reasons for having the principal treatment
Any contraindications to the reflexology treatment
Time it takes and additional cost to the client
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15. Use reflexology relaxation techniques in beauty treatments
Organisational policies and procedures
Maintain client records.
Report any incident involving treatment procedures.
Follow linen use and laundry procedures.
Follow personal hygiene and presentation standards of treatment area.
Follow waste and hazardous substance disposal.
Follow work health and safety requirements and operator’s legal and insurance liabilities and responsibilities in regard to treatments.
Infections can be spread between the client and operator and from client to client so hygienic standards must be maintained. Contact your local state health department for specific requirements.
Scope of practice.
Refer clients to other practitioners when necessary.
Advise clients of recognised contraindications to reflexology treatments.
Understand and follow the limitations to reflexology treatments.
Understand and follow the roles of nutritionist, dietician, complementary therapist and medical practitioner factors that are likely to affect suitability of the treatment for client.
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16. Use reflexology relaxation techniques in beauty treatments
Contraindications to reflexology massage
A reflexologist is not trained to diagnose or treat any specific medical conditions. If you are not sure about a client’s condition on their hands or feet do not proceed with the massage. Refer the client to a medical practitioner.
Contraindications may include;
Infectious and contagious diseases.
Infections accompanied by fever.
Mental illness such as schizophrenia.
Suspicion of thrombosis.
Acute inflammation in the veins or lymph systems.
Bacterial, viral or fungal infections such as tinea pedis (athlete’s foot).
Pain in feet and hands.
Swelling in the feet and hands.
Bruises, cuts, inflammation.
Impetigo.
Sprains, rashes.
Hammer toes.
Broken bones.
Hammer toes
Recent scar tissue.
Common warts.
Corns and callouses.
Cultural sensitivities.
Dry skin that forms into deep cracks that have become infected.
Limitations of reflexology.
* Reflexology may be harmful when pressure is applied at the wrong pressure point. Incorrect pressure and too much pressure may fracture the pressure spot. When the pressure is higher than required, it creates pain near the pressure point or in that part of body.
* Reflexology is not a proven treatment for cancer. Reflexology may reduce the symptoms but cannot be used as a stand alone treatment.
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17. Use reflexology relaxation techniques in beauty treatments
The four reflexology techniques
These four reflexology techniques are used on reflex points on the feet and hands. You can do all of these movements in any sequence you like.
1. Rotation technique.
Gently rest the tip of the appropriate digit on the reflex.
Apply slight pressure and hold for a while.
Slowly release to activate the energy channels.
Without moving the digit, create a vibration by gently gyrating the digit on the point of contact.
If resistance is felt or the reflex feels drained of energy, lightly press onto the reflexes and hold the pressure momentarily.
Very slowly ease off.
Lightly rest the digits on the skin for a while before moving onto subsequent reflexes.
Rotation technique
2. Caterpillar technique.
Place the tip of both thumbs lightly on the skin’s surface, one on each corresponding foot.
Gently drop the thumbs so that their pads rest lightly on the skin.
Rock the thumbs back onto their tips and, in doing so, move them forwards a fraction.
Ease the thumbs once again back down onto their pads.
Continue to ‘walk’ the thumbs forward in this manner.
Caterpillar movement
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18. Use reflexology relaxation techniques in beauty treatments
The four reflexology techniques
3. Stroking technique. There are two methods.
Method 1.
Apply after the rotation and caterpillar movements.
Place the thumbs or fingers firmly but lightly on the reflexes.
Stroke the skin’s surface in long soothing sweep or shorter strokes along the reflexes whilst applying slight pressure.
Method 2.
Stroke thumb over thumb or finger over finger.
Stroking method 1
Stroking method 2
4. Feather technique.
Apply at the end of each sequence of movements on every reflex.
Stroke the skin’s surface very lightly or caress the energies just above the skin by alternating the digits.
Feather stroke
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19. Use reflexology relaxation techniques in beauty treatments
Foot relaxation methods
The techniques over the next couple of pages are seven general foot relaxation methods that can be used. You need to incorporate these with the 4 reflexology techniques to create a reflexology massage for the foot. You can do all of these movements in any sequence you like.
1. Caressing the feet top and bottom.
Gently stroke the top of the right foot, hand over hand, towards yourself.
Then stroke the sole of the right foot with the backs of the hands.
Repeat on the left foot.
Caressing the tops of the feet
Stroking the soles of the feet
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20. Use reflexology relaxation techniques in beauty treatments
Foot relaxation methods
2. Exploratory and releasing massage.
Place all fingertips on top of the toes, on the right foot.
With tiny circular movements and a gentle pushing, kneading movement,
massage, with all fingers, from toes up to the ankle.
Separate the hands at the ankle and continue to massage either side of the
right ankle thoroughly.
Repeat on left foot.
Massaging one foot at a time
3. Massaging the ankle.
Place your left fingers on the outside of the client’s right ankle bone and your right fingers on the inside ankle bone.
Massage around the right ankle bone with fairly firm, definite circular movements.
Ease off the pressure until there is only a little contact, whilst at the same time reducing the number of fingers until only the middle fingers remain massaging lightly.
Repeat on the left foot, adjusting the role of the hands.
Massaging the ankle
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21. Use reflexology relaxation techniques in beauty treatments
Foot relaxation methods
4. Foot shake.
Place the mounds at the base of your thumbs in the hollows either side of the
right ankle bones so that they rest comfortably.
Keeping contact at all times, move one hand up and the other hand down to
coax the whole of the right foot to swing from side to side.
This move can be speeded up or slowed down as required.
Repeat on the left foot, changing the role of the hands.
Foot shake
5. Achilles pull.
This movement requires the client to be lying flat. It may be omitted if this is not possible.
Rest their right heel in the palm of your left hand and align your right hand on top of the same foot.
Gently but firmly extend their right heel towards you, stretching the right leg, until a slight resistance is felt.
Repeat 3 times before going onto the left foot and swapping the role of the hands.
Achilles pull
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22. Use reflexology relaxation techniques in beauty treatments
Foot relaxation methods
6. Achilles stretch.
Rest the right heel in your palm of your left hand and align your right
hand on top of the same foot.
Use the upper hand to gently, but firmly bend the foot downwards.
Extend the upper surface of the foot as far a possible without resistance.
Repeat 3 times.
Repeat on the left foot, reversing the role of the hands.
This movement can be alternated with the Achilles pull.
Achilles stretch
7. Spinal reflex rub.
Use the heel of the right palm to stroke the inside arch of the right instep, towards the client.
Apply slight pressure to the bony ridge on the way up.
Gently drag the heel of the hand back to the big toe.
Massage in this way for 3 times.
Repeat on the left arch with the heel of the left palm.
Spinal reflex rub
Completing the massage. While holding the client’s foot in one hand, grasp the big toe with the other hand. Rotate it for 5 seconds, then gently pull it. Move to the next toe until they have all been manipulated. While supporting the top of the client’s foot with one hand, gently rotate the back of the fingers of your other hand against the ball of the client’s foot.
Use reflexology relaxation techniques in beauty treatments

23. REFLEXOLOGY HAND MASSAGE SEQUENCE
Reflexology relaxation massage of the hands
Reflexology massage of the hands can be incorporated into a manicure service.
REFLEXOLOGY HAND MASSAGE SEQUENCE 1.
Support the sides of the right hand with both of your hands and move the hand gently from side to side 2.
Support the right hand with your left hand and place your right fist on the palm of the right hand and gently knead the palm while bending the fingers slightly forward 3.
Hold the fingers with the left hand and gently bend them forward while your thumb massages the entire palm from the little finger edge (medial view) towards the thumb (lateral view) 4.
Support the right hand with your left hand and starting from the palm, use your thumb to massage up in straight lines to where the fingers join the hand 5.
Support the right hand with your left hand and work along the thumb and lower palm with your right thumb 6.
Finish with a gentle shake of the hand supporting it at the wrist 7.
Repeat procedure on the left hand
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24. Use reflexology relaxation techniques in beauty treatments
Preparing the client
Before commencing a reflexology massage, briefly explain to the client the procedures for the massage you are about to do. Your reflexology massage may be part of another treatment you are providing to the client so a client treatment card must be completed before and after the procedure.
The equipment you need will depend on the other treatments the client is having however for a reflexology relaxation foot or hand massage you may need;
A massage couch.
A foot bath if not already available.
Disinfectant for cleaning foot bath or hand bowl in between each client.
A manicure table and appropriate equipment.
A pedicare chair and appropriate equipment.
Pillow to support the legs
Warm and cool fresh water.
Blanket for keeping client warm if necessary.
Massage mediums such as oils, creams, milks or talc. Talc allows for better grip on the reflex point when conducting the reflexology massage. All mediums must be decanted from the original container and be disposed of according to salon environmental policies at the end of the treatment.
A small clean towel for drying the feet or hands.
Fresh drinking water for the client to have after the treatment.
The washing of the feet and hands.
A client’s feet or hands require washing prior to commencing. You can add a drop of lavender or peppermint oil if you like. Make sure the client is comfortable either lying down or sitting in the chair. Make sure you are in a comfortable position to perform the procedure. Soak the client’s feet or hands for 5 minutes and remove one foot or hand at a time, drying the first one before removing the second foot or hand.
Use reflexology relaxation techniques in beauty treatments

25. REFLEXOLOGY CLIENT TREATMENT PLAN Client name: Date: Therapist’s name:
BEAUTY SERVICES PROVIDED
REFLEXOLOGY TREATMENT TO BE CONDUCTED
Feet Hands
CONTRAINDICATIONS AND SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
MASSAGE RESULTS or ADJUSTMENTS MADE – any adverse reactions require explanation to client
HOME CARE ADVICE AND LIFEFSTYLE RECOMMENDATIONS
CLIENT TREATMENT PROGRAMME
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26. Use reflexology relaxation techniques in beauty treatments
Obtaining feedback
Treat your client with respect.
People have boundaries, these are the things we like and do not like having done during a massage. Some people do not like their feet being touched, others do. Always respect the client’s wishes.
Confirming techniques during the treatment.
It is OK to ask your client, whilst you are conducting the massage, if the pressure and technique is suitable for them. You can confirm any specific problem areas they may have that they want you to spend more time on. Find out how you can help them to relax and enjoy the experience.
Feedback from client.
Once the treatment has been completed you need to gain feedback from the client on how they responded to the treatment. Some clients may experience;
Increase in urination and increase in bowel movements.
Headaches, emotional reactions, disturbed sleep.
Cold like symptoms as a result of detoxification.
Muscle spasms and body temperature discomfort.
Should your client experience these, advise them that it is only temporary and are the effects of the cleansing of the body through reflexology. Clients should drink water and avoid caffeine immediately after the treatment.
You must complete their client treatment card making reference to the discussions you have with your client. You may like to suggest an ongoing treatment plan to coincide with their usual beauty treatments. Client should also be advised of making lifestyle changes, if necessary, to complement their reflexology treatment. These can be; relaxation strategies to reduce stress, increased exercise and dietary improvements.
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27. Use reflexology relaxation techniques in beauty treatments
Sustainability Sustainability is the ability to maintain a certain status or process in existing systems. The most frequent use of the term sustainability, is connected to biological or human systems in the context of ecology. The ability of an ecosystem to function and maintain productivity for a prolonged period is also sustainability.
Sustainability in general refers to the property of being sustainable. The widely accepted definition of sustainability or sustainable development was given by World Commission on Environment and Development in It defined sustainable development as "forms of progress that meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.“
Practically, sustainability refers to three broad themes, economic, social and environmental, that must all be coordinated and addressed to ensure the long term viability of a community and the planet.
The primary goal of sustainable is using renewable natural resources in a manner that does not eliminate or degrade them or otherwise diminish their usefulness for future generations.
Sustainable work practices;
Safe disposal of all waste materials to minimise negative impact on the environment.
Efficient use of energy, water and other resources used to minimise negative impact on the environment.
Ensuring the practice of waste minimisation and recycling is conducted to reduce impact on the environment.
Comparing availability of products, equipment and services and adjusting their use to minimise negative impact on the environment.
This completes the learning material for this unit.
Authors copyright is claimed in all forms of media. Moral rights are claimed in all forms of media. Intellectual property rights are asserted and maintained in all forms of media.
Use reflexology relaxation techniques in beauty treatments