1. PHED 120 Krzyzanowicz- Fall ‘12
Cardiac Emergencies
PHED 120
Krzyzanowicz- Fall ‘12

2. Cardiac Emergencies Are sudden illnesses involving the heart
Heart attack
Cardiac arrest
(not a heart attack)
Cardiovascular disease

3. Anatomy of the Heart Four Chambers Coronary Arteries Right atrium
Receives oxygen poor blood from venous system
Right ventricle
Pumps oxygen poor blood to lungs
Left atrium
Receives oxygen rich blood
Left ventricle
Pumps oxygen rich blood to the body
Coronary Arteries
Feed the heart with oxygen rich blood

4. Heart anatomy

5. Cardiovascular Disease
Disease of the heart and blood vessels
Leading cause of death in adults in the USA
Slowly develops
Deposits of cholesterol in the inner walls of the arteries block adequate blood flow to the heart
McDonalds, Wendy’s, etc
Atherosclerosis
Can also affect arteries going to the brain, resulting in a stroke

6. Cardiovascular Disease
Common causes:
Obesity
Poor Diet
Lack of exercise
Genetic make-up

7. Heart Attack Caused by cardiovascular disease
Lack of oxygen in the blood
Results in dying of heart tissue
Life-Threatening Emergency!

8. Signs/Symptoms of Heart Attack
Persistent chest pain
Lasting longer than 5 minutes
Radiating to left arm, jaw and shoulder
Sometimes feels like heartburn
Difficulty breathing
Changes in pulse
Irregular, faster or slower depends on person
Skin appearance
Pale
Profusely sweating

9. Signs/Symptoms of Heart Attack
Since a heart attack will commonly result in cardiac arrest it is very important to recognize the signs and symptoms
Most people will die within 1-2 hours of the first sign or symptom
If not properly treated; even then death occurs
People often avoid going to the hospital before it is too late

10. Treatment for a Heart Attack
Discontinue activity
Rest in comfortable position
Summon EMS
Reassure victim
Monitor vitals
Be prepared to administer CPR

11. Sudden Cardiac Arrest Becoming more common in athletes
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)
About 125 athletes have died in the past 10 years from HCM
More than any other disorder
Usually minimal symptoms
History is the best tool

12. Cardiac Arrest
Heart stops beating or has an irregular heart beat that is too weak to circulate blood
Common causes:
Drowning
Suffocation
Drugs
Injury to chest
Heart attack
Severe loss of blood

13. Signs/Symptoms of Cardiac Arrest
No breathing
No pulse
Sudden death
Usually not a good thing last I checked

14. Tx for Cardiac Arrest Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
Combination of rescue breathing and chest compressions
Takes over for the functions of the hear and lungs
Increases chances to live by supplying the brain with blood
CPR alone is NOT enough to help someone survive

15. Tx for Cardiac Arrest Automated External Defibrillators
Electric shock to initiate the heart to beat again
Early CPR and the use of an AED increase the chances of survival
We will learn how to perform CPR alone and two person as well as use of an AED

16. CPR Check responsiveness Call 911 (tell someone to get an AED) Care

17. One Person CPR-Adult/Child
30 compressions: 2 breaths
Adult
Palm of hand over the center of the sternum, interlock hands
2 inches
Child
One hand on sternum, one hand on forehead
Administer two minutes of care (5 cycles) and recheck for signs of life

18. One Person CPR-Infant Infant
Place infant on his or her back on a firm, flat surface
Same as before, check ABC’s, two rescue breaths
If no pulse then…
Two or three fingers on chest just below nipple line
15 compressions about 1.5 inches deep
Continue for 5 cycles or two minutes

19. Two Person CPR Adult and Child
Rescuer 2 finds correct hand position
Rescuer 1 assesses patient, if needed gives two breaths
If no pulse then…
Rescuer 2 administers 30 compressions (adult)
Child you would give 15 compressions
Compress about 100 times per minute
To change positions:
Rescuer giving compressions says “change” in replace of last (30th) compression
Rescuer giving breaths, gives 2 breaths then switches to compressions

20. Two Person CPR

21. Continue CPR until Another trained rescuer takes over
An AED is available
You are too exhausted to continue
The scene becomes unsafe
Victim has signs of life

22. AED
Analyzes the heart’s rhythm and tells you to deliver shock when warranted
May not advise you to shock at all
The shock is called defibrillation, may help a heart in fibrillation
Use the AED with CPR to help the victims chances of survival

23. AED
DO NOT:
Touch the victim when the AED is analyzing and when the shock is being delivered
Use alcohol wipes on victims chest
Use around flammable materials
Use in a moving vehicle
Use when in contact or around water
Use an AED on a victim wearing a nitroglycerin patch (remove patch)
Use an AED on metal bleachers

24. Steps to Using an AED Check for signs of life Wipe off athlete’s chest
Attach the AED pads
Adult: upper right, lower left
Child: sandwich or use pediatric pads
“Stand clear”
Analyze
Deliver shock if prompted
Allow to reanalyze
Re-check signs of life
Continue with what the AED prompts you to do

25. AED when CPR in Progress
When CPR is already in progress and an AED arrives
Recheck signs of life
Then apply steps mentioned in previous slide