1. Stirrings of change Phase 1
The French Revolution
Stirrings of change
Phase 1

2. Phases of the The French Revolution
National Assembly or National Constituent Assembly ( )
Legislative Assembly ( )

3. Vocabulary Phase 1 Cahiers National Assembly Tennis Court Oath
Storming of the Bastille
The Great Fear
Émigrés
The Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizens
Women’s March on Versailles
King’s Attempt to Escape
Constitution of 1791
Legislative Assembly

4. The Estates General Review
The Estates General was the lawmaking body of France which had not met since 1614 under the great, great, great grandfather of Louis 16th
- Each estate met separately and voted separately
- Each estate had one vote
[it did not matter how many men were in the estate]
- Estates General had to be called by the king
- Estates General s could be dismissed by king and did not meet again until the king called it to meet
Estates General had no true power.

5. Louis 16th 1st Meeting of the Estates-General May 5, 1789
Before the meeting:
April 1789: The King told each estate to make a list of their grievances.
Each Estate made a list of complaints called Cahiers.
MAY 5: King calls on the Estates General to form a new tax system
The Second Estate joins with the First Estate to stop the new tax system
both vote against new taxes = 2 votes against
Third Estate votes in favor of new tax system = 1 vote for
Third Estate looses the vote to get a new tax system

6. Rejected by 1st & 2nd Estates Reaction
First Estate = 1 Vote or 130,000 Votes
Second Estate = 1 Vote or 210,000 Votes
Third Estate = 1 Vote or 25,000,000 Votes
Rejected by 1st & 2nd Estates
Reaction
Third Estate Says Vote by HEAD not by Estate

7. REACTION to Vote!!!!
Third Estate – demands a change in how the estates VOTE
wants to vote per person;
wants a constitutional government & get rid of the absolute monarchy
wants to lift tax exemptions for 1st and 2nd estates

8. 3rd Estate changes its name to the National Assembly
June 21: The 3rd Estate, now the National Assembly, meets in a tennis court, takes the TENNIS COURT OATH vowing to stay together until a constitution is created and the Estates General is ended.
June 20: The 3rd Estate, now the National Assembly, is locked out of the meeting hall by the King
June 17: 3rd Estate with some clergy & nobles creates a new National Assembly to defy the Estates General

9. June 23: The King orders the Estates General to meet in the 3rd Estate’s new meeting place, now a church, but he surrounds it with troops He rejects any constitution. - He tells them to create a new tax system - He orders all three estates to meet separately and vote by estate. - The 1st and 2nd estate agree and leave. - The 3rd estate demands refuses to leave. June 25: some 1st and 2nd estates’ men join the 3rd estate in the National Assembly ; there are over 660 members now; the King caves in June 25 – 27: The King orders all estates to join the National Assembly the Estates General ENDS!!!!

10. July 9: While the National Assembly meets at Versailles, the King orders 20,000 new troops to Paris to protect the city from angry mobs;
July 11: the economic minister who supported a new tax system is fired;
50,000 citizens arm themselves and form National Guard. Some troops desert the army and join the mobs. Paris ERUPTS!
July : angry people of Paris: 1. attack tax houses blamed for high food/ prices 2. plunder where food/ guns are hoarded 3. attack St. Lazare, a church mansion, & seize 52 wagons of wheat 4. plunder weapon arsenals; Royal troops do nothing

11. The Storming of the Bastille
The Bastille only had 7 prisoners.
It was now an armory with the a gunpowder arsenal.
The Bastille was a Prison for political prisoners.
The symbol of torture & abuse by the monarchy The King imprisoned his enemies here in the past.
The Storming of the Bastille
July a mob, joined by deserting soldiers, storm the Bastille, search for ammunition and gun powder & steal weapons they could.
Commander surrenders but the mob hacks off his head and parades it through the streets on a pike. Six guards are killed and 100 Parisians die. Troops leave Paris
The fall of the Bastille saves the National Constituent Assembly

12. Louis 16th goes to Paris July 17 & accepts the cockade
He accepts the red, white, & blue, ribbon called the cockade in the colors of Paris’ flag, worn by the Paris militia who stormed the Bastille
Crowds cheer him
150,000 citizens carry weapons on the streets of Paris all is not well yet
Later this Phrygian Cap becomes the symbol of the bloody revolution of 1792

13. The Great Fear
The Great Fear was a general panic between July 17 & August 3, 1789 at the start of the French Revolution caused by:
worsening grain shortages, fueled by the rumors of an noble "famine plot" to starve/ burn out the lower classes, mobilized peasants and townspeople
Rural unrest intensified in the countryside due to peasant disturbances
Aristocrats’ land taken, looted, and pillaged
tax documents destroyed
August 4, 1789 – many nobles/ clergy renounce their rights at the National Constituent Assembly to stop the riots
“Old Regime” is officially abolished
Nobles ill at ease: some to flee; others arm themselves

14. Paris Uprising Results:
1. Results of the storming of the Bastille
July 14, 1789: 50 assailants injured; 100 killed
6 guards slaughtered out of 110 defenders
Commander surrendered but beaten & stabbed repeatedly then beheaded & head put on a pike for all to see
Cannons found but no weapons
Released the 7 prisoners including the Marquis de Sade
2. Uprising spread throughout France
Bastille inspired RAGE gives Parisians power
Great Fear sparked
Nobles attacked in countryside by peasants; homes ransacked
Records of all land taxes and past due taxes are destroyed
Nobles become émigrés –those who flee their country to settle elsewhere for safety to escape political persecution

15. Quick Review
1. The National Assembly is the new name for the 3rd Estate which an end to the old tax system.
1. What is the National Assembly?
2. Why did the National Assembly form?
2. The National Assembly formed to start a constitutional government and end the absolute monarchy.
3. Who made up the National Assembly?
2. The National Assembly was made up of the 3rd Estate and members from the 1st and 2nd Estates wanted reform.
4. What is the Tennis Court Oath?
4. The Tennis Court Oath was a vow made by the 3rd Estate to stay together until they had a constitution.
5. Why did Louis 16th send troops to Paris?
5. King Louis 16th sent 20,000 troops to Paris because there were mobs and unrest.
6. How did Parisians react to 20,000 troops in Paris before the storming of the Bastille?
6. Paris citizens armed themselves and attacked a St Lazare and found grain hoarded by the church .
7. Why was the Bastille attacked? What were the results?
7. The Bastille was attacked to get weapons, gunpowder and canons. 6 soldiers and 100 of the mob died. They murdered the governor & put his head on a pike.
8. The King wore the cockade to bring peace to the city.
8. Why did King Louis 16th accept the cockade in Paris?
9. The causes of the Great fear were rumors of invasion and food hoarding. The effect was the peasants raided nobles’ homes, destroyed tax documents and the nobles fled.
9. What were the causes and effects of the Great Fear?

16. The National Assembly is the effective government of France
On August 4, 1789 the
The Declaration of the Rights of Man
The National Assembly is the effective government of France
The assembly has 1177 representatives from the former Estates:
"The National Assembly abolishes the feudal system entirely.”
All tax exemptions are abolished
All feudal rights of the nobility are abolished [no more feudal dues]
All feudal rights of the church are abolished [no more tithes]
The feudal justice system is suspended

17. Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity
The Declaration of the Rights of Man Approved by the National Assembly of France, August 26, 1789
Freedom of religion
Freedom of speech
Freedom of the press
Guaranteed property rights
“Liberty, equality, fraternity!”
Right of the people to create laws
Right to a fair trial
Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity

18. Women’s March to Versailles October 5- 6, 1789
Women in Paris concerned about bread and food shortages, walk to Versailles to petition the King for food for the city. They are met by troops at the gates.

19. Adieu, Versailles!
As women marched through the streets, more left their homes & joined them.
Women were armed with pitch forks, muskets, pikes, swords, and scythes.
In the end, 6000 women marched 13 miles to Versailles to petition the king.
BUT short term rumors also fueled their march.
These rumors included: a royal banquet and the hoarding of flour.
Some marched because they feared the king would let foreign troops invade France to put down uprisings.
Also the Queen’s brother was the Emperor of Austria and an enemy of France She was still hated and rumors about her added to their hate. Some yelled:
“Death to the Austrian. We’ll wring her neck. We’ll tear her heart out.”

20. 8 women go into Versailles Palace to petition king who accepts it & orders all palace bread to be sent to Paris
Some conspirators refuse to accept his bread, so…
On October 6 in the morning: the MOB: storms the palace, kills guards and puts their heads on pikes
Some women get into Marie Antoinette’s rooms and destroy her bedroom
Queen escapes through a secret passage to the King's room
King talks to the mob from his balcony:
"My friends, I will go to Paris with my wife and my children.” It was a fatal mistake. It marks the last time the King saw Versailles.
Royal family rides to Paris surrounded by mob holding pikes with the heads of their bodyguards and soldiers atop & move to the Tuileries Palace in Paris as prisoners

21. Beginning of the end of all Special Privileges: The state now controls the church
November 2, All Church property nationalized. RESULT:
Church lands seized, divided, & sold to peasants
Church officials must be elected by the people, & salaries paid by the government
Tithes eliminated
July Civil Constitution of the Clergy
makes church answerable to the state first, not the pope November Clergy forced to sign Constitution of Clergy
January Last date for clergy to sign; over half refuse.
RESULT: 2/3 of Church officials fled the country

22. 1790 Reforms in Local Government
Nobility abolished in June
Taille abolished
Local parlements abolished in August
Old local justice systems abolished in August
30 provinces ruled by newly elected governors
New courts, with judges elected by the people

23. The King attempts an escape June 1791
The Royal family tries to flee to The Netherlands
- They hope to get aid from foreign governments to restore the Old Regime in France
- They were caught in Varennes. The king put his head out the window and was recognized by a commoner who saw his face on the coins in his pocket
- The King and his family returned to Paris under arrest.

24. Down with the Monarchy
 "The Two are One in the Same." Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette represented as a two-head monster, Louis with cloven hooves and horns alluding to his reputation as a "liar" following his attempted flight in June The queen is portrayed as hyena with a head crowned in snakes. Both were guilty of abandoning the Revolution.

25. The new Legislative Assembly Writes the 1st Constitution of 1791
The National Assembly dissolved September 30, 1791
The Legislative Assembly replaced it on October 1, It was the new government under the Constitution of 1791
- It created a limited constitutional monarchy
King was only the head of state
King held power to enforce laws
It created all laws & could declare or reject war
Voting limited to taxpayers ONLY
Offices for property owners ONLY
- It split into 3 groups b/c of arguments on how to solve national issues such as debt & food shortages.
These groups were:
Radicals, Moderates, and Conservatives

26. The National Assembly makes changes! 1. ESTATES are abolished in 1789
3. Special privileges end for Clergy and Nobility
November 1789 – November 1790
4. Local governments reformed
August 1790
6…ratifies Constitution of 1791
2. Rights of Man August 26, 1789
5. Legislative Assembly created October 1791

27. Quick Review Who made up the National Constituent Assembly?
What effect did the Enlightenment have on the formation of the new government in France?
What is the Declaration of Rights of Man?
What did the Declaration of the Rights of Man say?
Why did the women of Paris choose to march on Versailles?
What was the result of the March on Versailles?
Why did the National Assembly continue to take away the rights of the clergy/ nobles?
Why did the king try to escape? What happened to them?
What did the Constitution of 1791 say?