1. Research and Evaluation
Dr. Dereck Rhoads
Costa Rica, July 2016
Research Proposal
EDUC999
Research and Evaluation

2. Dr. Dereck Rhoads
Costa Rica, July 2016
Research Proposal
Title

3. Dr. Dereck Rhoads
Costa Rica, July 2016
The research indicates that time related to student achievement becomes stronger as the measure of time reflects what students do in the classroom. However, quality of time bears a significant relationship to achievement. . .Research indicates that increasing time in school will not automatically increase student achievement. (Quartorola, 2004)

4. Research Proposal Outline
Dr. Dereck Rhoads
Costa Rica, July 2016
Research Proposal Outline
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of the Study
Research/Guiding Questions
Significance of the Study
Limitations/Delimitations
Definition of Terms
Outline of Study

5. Research Proposal Outline Cont.
Dr. Dereck Rhoads
Costa Rica, July 2016
Research Proposal Outline Cont.
Review of the Literature (notional, restated topical areas)
Methodology
Overview
Research Design
Sampling
Instrumentation
Data Collection
Data Analysis

6. Research Proposal Problem Introduction
Dr. Dereck Rhoads
Costa Rica, July 2016
Research Proposal Problem Introduction
Numerous research studies have been conducted on the effects of a longer school day on student achievement.
This study is compelling because it will be measuring the effects of longer school days on three reconstituted elementary schools with new staff, new administration, and longer school days on mathematics student achievement.

7. Dr. Dereck Rhoads
Costa Rica, July 2016

8. Research Proposal Problem Introduction, continued
Dr. Dereck Rhoads
Costa Rica, July 2016
Research Proposal Problem Introduction, continued
Statement of the Problem:
What is the effect of a longer school day on mathematics achievement of grades 2-4 students in three reconstituted suburban elementary schools?

9. Dr. Dereck Rhoads
Costa Rica, July 2016
Purpose of the Study:
The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of a longer school day in mathematics instruction by assessing the achievement of 2nd and 4th grade students mathematics achievement level in the three reconstituted elementary schools. Mathematics instruction is defined by the amount of time that all Grade 2-4 students receive direct instruction for mathematics skills per their standards based curriculum.

10. Research/Guiding Questions:
Dr. Dereck Rhoads
Costa Rica, July 2016
Research/Guiding Questions:
How did the lengthening of the school day affect the amount of direct instructional time in mathematics?
How did the provision of additional mathematics instructional time to Grade 2-4 students influence their achievement level on the mathematics section of the State Achievement Test?

11. Significance of the Study:
Dr. Dereck Rhoads
Costa Rica, July 2016
Significance of the Study:
This study contributes to the current emphasis of additional time on
task and how and it can improve student achievement. The results
will be particularly useful to district administrators and elementary
principals who are investigating the effects and cost benefits of
providing additional time. Teachers will benefit from this study as
they can see how having additional daily mathematics instruction can
be used with students. The study will also help guide principals in
their role as instructional leaders with regard to using the additional
instructional time judiciously.

12. Dr. Dereck Rhoads
Costa Rica, July 2016
Limitations:
The way the additional instructional time was used by the teachers
The amount of time that parents spent with their children preparing for the state achievement tests or the role that they played in their overall child’s education.
No recording of student participation in other additional programs.

13. Dr. Dereck Rhoads
Costa Rica, July 2016
Delimitations:
Focused only on the students in Grades 2-4 in the three reconstituted elementary schools
No focus on SES factors such as free and reduced lunch.
Did not account for the type of mathematics instruction that occurred in Grades K and 1 and the type of mathematics instruction and schedule allotted prior to reconstitution of the school.
Did not account for any of the other “dream school” initiatives including uniforms, rigorous school curriculum, required parental involvement, and new staff
Did not account for the affects of class size on the study

14. Dr. Dereck Rhoads
Costa Rica, July 2016
Definition of Terms:
Dream School Initiative: A Coastline City Schools initiative requiring longer school days, rigorous curriculum, school uniforms, parental involvement, and restructuring of personnel
Elementary School: Grades 2-4 for the purposes of this study
State Achievement Test: Local high-stakes standardized test given to all students.
Longer School Day: As defined by the Dream School Initiative

15. Research Proposal Review of the Literature
Dr. Dereck Rhoads
Costa Rica, July 2016
Research Proposal Review of the Literature
The effects of extended day programs on student achievement.
The need for mathematics and its benefit to students, economy, and quality of life
The effects of additional mathematics instructional time on student achievement.
The effects of additional mathematics instructional time on other subjects

16. Research Proposal Methodology
Dr. Dereck Rhoads
Costa Rica, July 2016
Research Proposal Methodology
Overview
The study will consist of a cross-sectional field study. Participants for the study will include a random sample of students in Grades 2-4 who have been members of the three elementary schools during the two-year reconstitution period. They will be the experimental group. The control group will be all students in Grades 2-4 who were members of the three elementary schools the three years prior to the reconstitution period. Additionally, it will consist of a teacher questionnaire using a Likert scale concerning the use of the additional time in the classroom and observation of teacher instruction in the classroom.

17. Research Proposal Methodology, cont.
Dr. Dereck Rhoads
Costa Rica, July 2016
Research Proposal Methodology, cont.
Research Design:
Pre-test-Posttest Control Group Design.
Three years prior to reconstitution: A random assignment of students chosen in Grades 2, 3, and 4 and their state assessment scores are measured over time. This is the control group.
The experimental group will be a random sample of grade 2, 3, and 4 students who have been in the school since reconstitution. Their state assessment scores will be measured over the last two years.
A Likert scale teacher questionnaire concerning the use of the additional time in the classroom.

18. Research Proposal Methodology, cont.
Dr. Dereck Rhoads
Costa Rica, July 2016
Research Proposal Methodology, cont.
Sampling:
Three years prior to reconstitution: A random assignment of students chosen in Grades 2, 3, and 4 and their state assessment scores measured over time. This is the control group.
The experimental group will be a random sample of grade 2, 3, and 4 students who have been in the school since reconstitution. We will measure their state assessment scores over the last two years.
All teachers currently serving in the three target schools

19. Research Proposal Methodology, cont.
Dr. Dereck Rhoads
Costa Rica, July 2016
Research Proposal Methodology, cont.
Instrumentation: The study will incorporate a pre-test of teacher questionnaire field tested for reliability and validity. State Achievement Test results will be used to provide an independently professionally developed and wildly used valid and reliable student achievement instrument

20. Research Proposal Methodology, cont.
Dr. Dereck Rhoads
Costa Rica, July 2016
Research Proposal Methodology, cont.

21. Research Proposal Methodology, cont.
Dr. Dereck Rhoads
Costa Rica, July 2016
Research Proposal Methodology, cont.

22. Research Proposal Methodology, cont.
Dr. Dereck Rhoads
Costa Rica, July 2016
Research Proposal Methodology, cont.

23. Research Proposal Methodology, cont.
Dr. Dereck Rhoads
Costa Rica, July 2016
Research Proposal Methodology, cont.
Data Analysis:
Test scores: An inferential statistical test to analyze the quantitative data.
Teacher questionnaire: Likert scale results to determine potential correlation with student achievement test results.

24. Research Proposal Summary Title? Dr. Dereck Rhoads
Costa Rica, July 2016
Research Proposal
Summary
Title?

25. Mathematics achievement
Dr. Dereck Rhoads
Costa Rica, July 2016
Title
Longer school days
Mathematics achievement
Elementary school

26. Mathematics achievement
Dr. Dereck Rhoads
Costa Rica, July 2016
Title
Longer school days
Impact
Mathematics achievement
Elementary school

27. Dr. Dereck Rhoads
Costa Rica, July 2016
Title
The impact of longer school days on the mathematics achievement of elementary students

28. Dr. Dereck Rhoads
Costa Rica, July 2016
Title
LONGER SCHOOL DAYS AND MATHEMATICS ACHIEVEMENT: A STUDY OF THREE RECONSTITUTED ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS