1. The Intertestamental Period: From Babylon To The Birth Of Christ
Seleucid – pronounced like cell-loo-sid
The Time of Herod

2. Intertestamental Period
Week
Date
Topic 1
01 Mar 17
Overview 2
08 Mar 17
Babylonian Period ( BC) 3
15 Mar 17
Persian Period ( BC) 4
22 Mar 17
Greek Period ( BC) 5
29 Mar 17
Ptolemaic ( BC) 6
05 Apr 17
Seleucid ( BC) 7
12 Apr 17
Maccabean Part 1 ( BC) 8
19 Apr 17
Maccabean Part 2 ( BC) 9
26 Apr 17
Independence ( BC) 10
03 May 17
Rome Intervenes (63 – 37 BC) 11
10 May 17
Herod (37 BC – 4 BC) 12
17 May 17
The IT Period and Christianity (4 BC – 70 AD) 13
24 May 17
Review
Week 1 - Overview Week 2 - Babylonian Period ( BC) Week 3 - Persian Period ( BC) Week 4 - Greek Period ( BC)              Alexander Week 5 - Ptolemaic ( BC)               Ptolemy and Egypt 320 – 198
Week 6 - Syrian ( )              Seleucid and Syria Week 7 - Maccabean Period Part 2 ( )               Mattathias
Judas the Maccabee              Jonathan Week 8 - Independence ( )
Simon              John Hyrcannaus 134 – 105
   Aristobulus              Alexander Jannaus              Alexander Salome              Hyrcanus II and Aristobulus II Week 10 – Rome Intervenes (63 – 37 BC)
Week 11 – Herod (37-4 BC) Week 12 – Intertestamental period and Christianity (4 BC – 70 AD) Week 13 - Review

3. Today’s Objectives Review last week’s lesson
Four political groups
Julius Caesar, Antony and Octavius
Herod’s rise
Learn about the conflict between Octavian and Antony and its’ effect on Judea
Learn about Octavian as Caesar Augustus
Learn about the origins of the Herodian family
Learn about Herod’s rule
Efforts as king
Intervention with the birth of Christ
Death and division of the kingdom 3

4. Reference Material KJV (w/ Apocrypha) Josephus – The Complete Works
1st and 2nd Maccabbees
Josephus – The Complete Works
Herodotus – The History
Intertestamental History – Mark Moore
Ancient Rome – Simon Baker
Harding University – BNEW 112 Course Notes – Dr. Thompson
Intertestamental Period – John Battle

5. Where we left off….
Four main Jewish political groups: Pharisees, Sadducees, Essenes, Zealots
Pompey intervenes in the Jewish Civil War and takes the land of the Jews
Rise and fall of Julius Caesar
Victory over Pompey
Political decrees which impact Judea
Caesar’s murder
Herod rises from governor of Galilee to a defeated leader living in Rome
Herod’s return to Judah
Antony and Octavius 5 5

7. Antipater II, Phasael and Herod
In gratitude, Caesar appointed Antipater II as the administrator of Judea (47 BC)
Under Cassius
Adds territories to Judea taken from Pompey
Antipater II appoints his two sons to posts
Phasael is made governor of Jerusalem
Herod is made governor of Galilee
After Caesar is murdered (44 BC), Cassius seizes control of Judea
Antipater II is murdered (43 BC)
Phasael and Harod become joint rulers of Judea (42 BC)

8. Marc Antony and Octavian
Octavian was Caesar’s nephew
Antony and Octavian defeat Cassius and Brutus in the battle of Philippi (42 BC)
Philippi becomes a Roman colony, making them Roman citizens (Acts 16:12)
Phasael and Herod switch allegiance to Antony, who confirms their position
Parthians invade Palestine
40 BC
Capture and imprison Hyrcanus II and Phasael
Herod escapes, eventually to Rome

9. Octavian fights Antony
Source of contention
Antony’s neglect for his wives including Octavian’s sister
Antony gave Cleopatra rule of conquered land
Octavian had taken power and territory of Lepidus (part of the Triumvirate)
Herod the Great aligned with Antony
Battle of Actium occurs
31 BC
Octavian defeat Antony (who later kills himself)
Octavian awarded the title of Augustus
Recognized as the transition of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire
The Battle of Actium was the decisive confrontation of the Final War of the Roman Republic. It was fought between the forces of Octavian and the combined forces of Mark Antony and Cleopatra. The battle took place on 2 September 31 BC, on the Ionian Sea near the Roman colony of Actium in Greece. Octavian's fleet was commanded by Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, while Antony's fleet was supported by the ships of his beloved, Cleopatra VII, Queen of Ptolemaic Egypt.
Octavian's victory enabled him to consolidate his power over Rome and its dominions. To that end, he adopted the title of Princeps ("first citizen") and as a result of the victory was awarded the title of Augustus by the Roman Senate. As Augustus, he would retain the trappings of a restored Republican leader; however, historians generally view this consolidation of power and the adoption of these honorifics as the end of the Roman Republic and the beginning of the Roman Empire. (Wiki)

10. Battle of Actium

11. Caesar Augustus Herod promises his allegiance to Augustus
Augustus adds to Herod’s domain
Nearly doubles in size
Augustus reigns from 31 BC to 14 AD
Grand nephew of Julius Caesar
Dies at the age of 76
Outlives Herod the Great by 10 years
Under Augustus’ rule
Orders a census of the Roman empire (Mic 5:2)
Census caused the birth of Jesus Christ to be recorded in Bethlehem (Luke 2:1-7)
John the Baptist’s ministry

12. Herod Family Originally Idumean, but claimed to be Jews (Ant 14.15.2)
Decedents of Esau (Gen 25)
By necessity, they align with Rome
Established the High Priests and deposed without regard to the Law
Antipater as the Patriarch
In the Book of Genesis, we find that Esau was the fraternal twin brother of Jacob (whom God renamed Israel) — the patriarch and founder of the Israelites. Esau and Jacob were the sons of Isaac and Rebekah, and the grandsons of Abraham and Sarah. Esau was born first and when Jacob was born, he held onto Esau's heel. (Genesis 25:26) Isaac was sixty years old when they were born, but Rebekah is believed to have been much younger. Abraham was still alive at that time, though he would have been 160 years old by that stage, and would live another fifteen years.
As the first born, Esau was entitled to inherit the wealth of his father Isaac after his death. However, he sold his birthright to Jacob in exchange for a "mess of pottage" (meal of lentils). (Genesis 25:29-34) According to the Talmud, the sale of the birthright took place immediately after Abraham died. The Talmudic dating would give both Esau and Jacob an age of 15 at the time.
Esau is said to be the father of the Idumean people, of which Herod was a descendent.
Ant – “But Antigonus, by way of reply to what Herod had caused to be proclaimed, and this before the Romans, and before Silo also, said that they would not do justly, if they gave the kingdom to Herod, who was no more than a private man, and an Idumean, i.e. a half Jew…”

13. Israel and Judah Around 800 BC Multiple Kingdoms
Kingdom of Israel and Judah are divided
Edom is to the south of Judah
Petra is one of the major cities of Edom

14. Herod’s Rise
In Rome, Herod makes a favorable impression on Octavian and Antony
Senate appoints him “king of the Jews”
40 BC (Josephus – , mainly 4)
Added parts of Samaria and Idumea to his kingdom
Only “theoretical” at this time because it was controlled by the Parthians
Herod then sets out to retake his kingdom
Jerusalem falls in 37 BC
Gained favor with Cassius, Syrian Proconsul
Luke 19:11-12 Parable of the Ten Minas: 11While they were listening to this, he went on to tell them a parable, because he was near Jerusalem and the people thought that the kingdom of God was going to appear at once. 12He said: "A man of noble birth went to a distant country to have himself appointed king and then to return.

16. Herod The Great Ruled from 37 BC to 4 AD Personality
Describes as cruel and vicious
Jealous man, sought to kill rivals to his throne
Herod had Hyrcanus killed
Construction projects
Provided Jews a measure of their wants
Peace and protection
Lower taxes and greater public service
Freedom from Gentile corruption of religion

17. Rebuilding of the Temple
Started in BC
Read John 2:12-22
Was still being built during the time of Jesus
According to Josephus, it wasn’t completed until 65 AD
Eventually destroyed by the Romans in 70 AD
Rebuilt the temple at Samaria at the same time
Provided for pagan worship as well in various locations

18. Herod’s Temple

19. Herod and Christ
Herod hears early reports of the birth of the “king of the Jews” (Read Matt 2)
Tries to have the infant Jesus killed
Joseph, Mary, and Jesus escape
To Egypt
Why Egypt?
Large Jewish population at the time, remember
Herod becomes furious
Has all the infants in Bethlehem killed
Joseph, Mary, and Jesus return after Herod dies, would have been around 4 BC

20. Herod’s Death Herod grows more suspicious and cruel
Had lost the confidence and favor of the Romans
Order a tax registration in 8 BC
Contracts a disease, possibly a cancer
Herod orders key Jewish leaders to be jailed
Orders their execution when he dies
Order not carried out
Herod’s kingdom is divided
Three younger sons inherit the kingdom

21. Division of the Herod’s Kingdom
Archelaus
4 BC – 6 AD
Became ruler of the Jews
Territory included Judea, Idumea, and Samaria
Herod Antipas
4 BC – 39 AD
Became a subordinate rule below the rank of a king, most often mentioned in the NT
Territory included Galilee and Perea
Philip the Tetrarch
4 BC – 34 AD
Northeast of Galillee, Iturea, Trachonitis

22. Division of Herod’s Kingdom
LG – Archelaus
P – Antipas
O – Phillip
GR – Salome
DG – Roman Province
Y – Autonomous cities

23. Review Reviewed last week’s lesson
Four political groups
Julius Caesar, Antony and Octavius
Herod’s rise
Learned about the conflict between Octavian and Antony and its’ effect on Judea
Learned about Octavian as Caesar Augustus
Learned about the origins of the Herodian family
Learned about Herod’s rule
Efforts as king
Intervention with the birth of Christ
Death and division of the kingdom 23