1. PENGANTAR EKONOMI Screen graphics created by
Dr. H. Mustika Lukman Arief, SE.,MM.

2. INTRODUCTION OF ECONOMICS
NEED UNLIMITED
RESOURCES LIMITED

3. WHAT IS ECONOMICS ?
Economics is the study of the ways that individual and societies allocate their limited resources to try to satisfy their unlimited needs
KEY WORD :
NEED UNLIMITED
RESOURCES LIMITED

4. Outline Introducing Mikro Ekonomi Permintaan & Penawaran
Elastisitas Permintaan & Penawaran
Teori Tingkah Laku Konsumen
Teori Biaya Produksi
Pasar Persaingan Sempurna
Pasar Persaingan Tidak Sempurna 4

5. . Introducing Makro Ekonomi Pendapatan Nasional
Keseimbangan Aggregate Dua Sektor
Keseimbangan Aggregate Tiga Sektor
Keseimbangan Aggregate Empat Sektor
Teori Penawaran Uang, Kurs dan Moneter
Neraca Pembayaran & Perdagangan
Pertumbuhan & Pembangunan Ekonomi 5

6. Reference Economics; Book 1 & 2; PA. Samuelson
Mikro Ekonomi; Teori Pengantar; Sadono Sukirno; Edisi ketiga; 2005
Makro Ekonomi; Teori Pengantar; Sadono Sukirno; Edisi ketiga; 2005 6

7. ECONOMICS RESOURCES: NEEDS: LIMITED UNLIMITED GAP INFLATION
UNEMPLOYMENT
UNEQUALITY
- FUNCTIONAL &
- REGIONAL
- INDIVIDUAL
POVERTY
Balance of Payment
ECONOMICS
PROBLEMS NR HR CR E
WHAT’S
HOW
WHEN
FOR WHOM
GOODS &
SERVICES
CHOICES
OPPORTUNITY COST

8. GAP RESOURCES LIMITED : NR, HR, CR & Entrepreneur GOODS & SERVICES
CHOICES
OPPORTUNITY COST

9. ECONOMICS PROBLEM INFLATION UN-EMPLOYMENT
UN-EQUALITY : functional & size, regional, individual
POVERTY

10. TYPES OF ECONOMICS SYSTEM
TRADITIONAL ECONOMIC SYSTEM
A system in which the question what, how, for whom and when are answered in the same way from generation to generation

11. . COMMAND ECONOMIC SYSTEM MARKET SYSTEM
A system in which the question what, how, for whom and when are answered by a central authority
MARKET SYSTEM
A system in which the question what, how, for whom and when are answered through independent decision of the people. This often used interchange able with capitalism

12. .
MIXED ECONOMY
An economics system in which there are elements of tradition, command and the market

13. HOUSEHOLD ACTORS OF ECONOMY Suppliers of input factor
Demander of goods and services
Payer taxes

14. FIRMS Suppliers of goods and services Demander of input factor.
FIRMS
Suppliers of goods and services
Demander of input factor
Payer of Taxes

15. . GOVERNMENT To protect private property To regulate money
To produce public goods and services
To assess social cost
To regulate and maintain competition
To promote economic growth and stability
To fight poverty
To eliminate discrimination
To receive of taxes
To send of subsidy .

16. MICRO VS MACRO MICROECONOMICS MACROECONOMICS Efficiency of Resources
Maximum Satisfaction
MACROECONOMICS
Government Regulation
Demand and Supply Aggregate Activity

17. MACROECONOMICS ISSUES
HIGH PERFORMANCE GROWTH AND STABILITY
IMPROVEMENT ECONOMIC
PRICE STABILITY
UN-EMPLOYMENT / POVERTY REDUCTION

18. INFLUENCES OF MACRO ACTIVITY
PRIVATE CONSUMPTION
INVESTMENT
GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE
NET EXPORT ( EXPORT – IMPORT )

19. MACROECONOMIC PROBLEM
ECONOMIC GROWTH
UNSTABLE OF ECO ACTIVITY
UNEMPLOYMENT AND INFLATION
TRADE AND BALANCE OF PAYMENT

20. MACROECONOMIC POLICY FISCAL POLICY MONETARY POLICY SUPPLY SIDE POLICY
Government expenditures and Taxation
MONETARY POLICY
Control of the money supply by the federal reserve system
SUPPLY SIDE POLICY
Ad Hoc policies to address specific problems

21. GOAL OF MACROECONOMIC RAPID GROWTH PRICE STABILITY INCOME EQUALITY
FULL EMPLOYMENT
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS EQUILIBRIUM
EQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME

22. RAPID GROWTH
SHIFT PRODUCTION POSSIBILITIES CURVE AT RATE SUCH THAT JOBS ARE CREATED AT SAME RATE AS GROWTH IN LABOR FORCE

23. PRICE STABILITY
SHIFT AGGREGATE SUPPLY (AS) AND AGGREGATE DEMAND (AD) CURVE AT SAME RATE

24. INCOME EQUALITY REDUCES PURCHASING POWER OF INCOME
TRANSFER PURCHASING POWER FROM FIXED INCOME RECIPIENTS
DISTORTS INCENTIVES AND DECISION MAKING

25. FULL EMPLOYMENT
AUTOMATIC STABILIZATION EXPENDITURE THAT RISE WHEN UNEMPLOYMENT INCREASES AND FALL WHEN UNEMPLOYMENT FALLS
UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFIT
WELFARE PAYMENTS
INCOME, SALES, AND EXCISE TAXES

26. BALANCE OF PAYMENT BUDGET ENFORCEMENT Caps discretionary spending
Creates PAYGO system  PAYGO= applies only to NEW LEGISLATION and Amendments to former legislation
Created Three Categories of Spending
Net Interest on Debt
Discreationary Spending
Mandatory or Direct Spending