1. Rise of Dictators

2. 1. Stalin’s Soviet Union Joseph Stalin
Came to power after Lenin died in 1924
Worked to turn the Soviet Union into a totalitarian state

3. b. The 5 Year Plans 1928- The first of the 5 Year Plans began
Each factory and mine had production goals that were set by the state
Plans reflected the Soviet system of central planning
Government makes major decisions about the production of goods
Did increase Soviet industrial output

4. c. Collectivization Stalin wanted to increase Soviet farm output
Wanted to combine the small farms into larger, mechanized farms
This is called collectivization
Peasants resisted when Stalin tried to take the land back after Lenin had given it to them
Stalin responded with violence
He executed thousands
Sent others to Siberia to work in the Gulag (labor camps)

5. d. Political Purges Stalin had absolute power by the mid 1930s
Feared people were plotting against him
Began the campaign known as either the Great Terror or the Great Purge
Stalin would attack both real and imagined opponents to his rule

6. e. Totalitarian Rule
Children were encouraged to join youth organizations where they were taught the attitudes and beliefs that Soviet leaders wanted them to have.
Religion was discouraged and many churches were closed
Portraits of Stalin decorated public places
Promoted a cult personality which allowed him to gain a strangle hold over Soviet society

7. 2. Hitler’s Germany Postwar Germany
Germany formed a new government called the Weimar Republic
Very unpopular with the Germans
Blamed them for the humiliating Versailles Treaty
Also blamed for the economic problems that overwhelmed Germany after the war

8. b. Hitler’s Early Career
Adolf Hitler
Born in Austria in 1889
Served in the German army in WWI
Joined the Nationalist Socialist Party or the Nazi party

9. ii. Nazis
Hitler discovered he had a talent for public speaking and leadership
Became a key figure in the party

10. iii. October 1923- led an attempt to overthrow the German government
Effort failed and he was given a short prison term
While in prison wrote “Mein Kampf” or “My Struggle”
Dealt with major political ideas
German nationalism
Racial superiority of the German people, called Aryans

11. c. Hitler gains power
Continued to work to gain power after being released from prison
The Great Depression
The effects of this helped his cause
People were desperate for a strong leader

12. iii. Promised to rebuild Germany’s military
iv. Nazi’s gained strength during the early 1930s
v Hitler is appointed to the position of chancellor
The most powerful position within the German government

13. d. Hitler controls Germany
Crushed opponents
Many are arrested
Others were intimidated by the Nazis
Through these means Hitler is able to gain dictatorial power
Rule will become totalitarian
Propaganda
Used to build a cult personality that glorified Hitler as the Fuhrer (leader)

14. iv. Used Nazi youth organizations to shape young minds to pledge complete loyalty to Hitler and Germany v. Rebuilt the military and improved the economy vi. Issued strict wage control and massive government spending on public works programs to help reduce unemployment

15. e. Nazi anti-Semitism
Key component to Nazi system. Anti-Semitism is hostility or prejudice against Jews
Jews were blamed for many of Germany’s problems
Christian hostility had existed in Europe since the Middle Ages
Nazis will combine this and began to believe that the Jews were a separate race

16. iv. Hitler will pass many laws aimed at excluding the Jews from mainstream German life during the 1930s
Prohibited Jews from marrying Germans
Nuremburg Laws
Created a separate legal status for German Jews
Eliminated their citizenship and many civil and property rights
Limited the type of jobs they could have
Defined Jewish ancestry to one’s grandparents and not religious beliefs

17. v. Kristallnacht Also known as the Night of the Broken Glass
On the nights of Nov. 9-10, 1938, Nazis encouraged anti-Jewish riots across Germany and Austria
Thousands of Jewish businesses and places of worship were damaged and destroyed