THE BASIC BELIEFS OF THE TRUE JESUS CHURCH

THE BASIC BELIEFS OF THE TRUE JESUS CHURCH
10 Articles of Faith （1967）

10 Articles of Faith 十大信条一、信耶穌係道成肉身，為拯救罪人代死在十字架上，第三天復活，升天。祂是人類唯一之救主，天地之主宰，獨一之真神。 Jesus, who became flesh to die on the cross for the redemption of sinners, resurrected on the third day and ascended to heaven. He is the only Savior of mankind, the creator of the heavens and earth, and the only true God.

10 Articles of Faith 十大信条二、信新舊約聖經係神所默示，為証明真道唯一之經典。
The Old and New Testaments of the Holy Bible are inspired by God, and are therefore the only authentic Scriptures which testify to the Truth.

10 Articles of Faith 十大信条三、信本會係晚雨聖靈所設立，為復興使徒時代之真教會。
三、信本會係晚雨聖靈所設立，為復興使徒時代之真教會。 The True Jesus Church was established by our Lord Jesus Christ through the Holy Spirit (the Latter Rain), and is the revival of the True Church of the Apostolic Days.

10 Articles of Faith 十大信条四、信水浸係赦罪、重生之典禮。必須由已受水靈二浸者，奉主耶穌之名，在活水中給受浸者予以低下頭之全身浸禮。 Water Baptism is the sacrament for the remission of sins and for regeneration. The baptist must already have received baptism of water and the Holy Spirit. The baptism must be administered in the following manner: a. In the Name of the Lord Jesus. b. With the baptismal candidate's head facing downward. c. Complete immersion of the baptized. d. In natural, living water, e.g. ocean, river, or stream.

10 Articles of Faith 十大信条五、信受聖靈係得天國基業之憑據，並以說靈言為受聖靈之明証。
The baptism of the Holy Spirit is a prerequisite for entering heaven; speaking in tongues is the evidence of having received the Holy Spirit.

10 Articles of Faith 十大信条六、信洗腳禮係與主有份，及教訓相愛、聖潔、謙卑、服事、饒恕之典禮。對每一位受浸者，要奉主耶穌的名給予洗腳一次；至於彼此洗腳，必要時亦可行之。 Foot-washing is a sacrament which enables one to have a part with the Lord, and teaches mutual love, holiness, humility, service, and forgiveness. The foot-washing Sacrament must be performed in the Name of the Lord Jesus Christ to all newly baptized members. Mutual foot-washing may be practiced when necessary.

10 Articles of Faith 十大信条七、信聖餐禮為紀念主死，同領主肉主血，與主聯合，能得永生，在末日復活之典禮。要時常舉行，但必須用一個無酵餅及葡萄汁舉辦之。 The Holy Communion is the sacrament to commemorate the death of the Lord Jesus Christ. It enables us to partake of the flesh and blood of our Lord, and to be in communion with him so that we may have eternal life and be raised on the last day. This sacrament should be held as often as possible. Only one unleavened bread and grape juice should be used. .

八、信安息日（星期六）為神賜福之聖日，但要在恩典下紀念創造及救贖之恩，並盼望來世永遠安息而遵守之。
10 Articles of Faith 十大信条八、信安息日（星期六）為神賜福之聖日，但要在恩典下紀念創造及救贖之恩，並盼望來世永遠安息而遵守之。 The Sabbath Day, the seventh day of the week (Saturday) is a holy day, blessed and sanctified by God. It is to be observed under the Lord's grace for the commemoration of God's creation and re demption, and with the hope of eternal rest.

10 Articles of Faith 十大信条九、信得救本乎恩也因著信，但必須依靠聖靈追求聖潔，實踐敬神愛人之教訓。
Salvation is given by grace through faith. However, it is necessary to rely on the Holy Spirit to pursue holiness and to keep the biblical teachings of honoring God and loving humanity.

10 Articles of Faith 十大信条十、信主耶穌必於世界末日從天降臨，審判萬民；義人得永生，惡人受永刑。
The Lord Jesus Christ will descend from heaven on the Last Day to judge all people; the righteous will receive eternal life, while the wicked will be eternally condemned

本會的聖禮 THE SACRAMENTS 一、浸禮二、洗腳禮三、聖餐禮 I. Water Baptism
II. Foot-washing III. The Holy Communion

本會的聖禮 THE SACRAMENTS △ 本會聖禮確立之要件有三︰主曾留下的榜樣主曾吩咐使徒去行施行此禮與得救有直接的關係
Three Pre-Requisites Of Sacrament: 1. The Lord Jesus had set it as an example 2. The Lord Jesus instructed His apostles to do likewise 3. It is directly related to our salvation.

五大教义 5 Basic Doctrines 浸禮 Baptism 洗腳禮 Foot-washing 聖餐禮 Holy Communion
安息日 Sabbath Day 聖靈 Holy Spirit

10 Articles of Faith 十大信条浸禮 Baptism 洗腳禮 Foot-washing
聖餐禮 Holy Communion 安息日 Sabbath Day 聖靈 Holy Spirit 真神 True God 圣经 Bible 真教会 True Church 救恩 Salvation 再临 Second Coming

“Dogma” in Apostolic Era
Dogma/Doctrine : 2 Tim 1:13 “Pattern”of sound word = Truth of salvation once & for all delivered to the saints Only need to be kept, not for analysis & criticism

A.Meaning of “Dogma” in Apostolic Era：
1.Decree (King’s Command)，highest order in human world, eg ancient Chinese emperor’s decree ~Lk 2:1 Decree ~Acts 17:7 Caesar’s command 2.OT Law ~Eph 2:15 Regulations of the law ~Co; 2:14 Regulations 3.NT Decree/Regulation ~Acts 16:4 Decree (Doctrine) ~Refers to the letter of the decisions of the Jerusalem Council

B. Origin of “Dogma” in Apostolic Era
1. Jesus’ teachings Lk 24:44~49 2.Guidance of Holy Spirit Jn 16:12, Acts 1:4，2:1 3.Regulations of Apostolic teachings Acts 2:42，16:4

C. Names of “Dogma” in Apostolic Era：
Common faith… Tit 1:1~4 1.道理的規範 Rom 6:17 2.福音的真理 Gal 2:14(Truth of salvation) 3.真理的道 Eph 1:13 (true, one & only) 4.真理的話語 1 Tim 4:6 5.純正的教訓 Tit 1:9 6.純正的道理 Tit 2:1 7.真實的道理 Tit 1:9 8.正道 Tim 1:10 9.真道 Tit 1:13~14 10.善道 Tim 1:10(leads man to goodness)

C. Names of “Dogma” in Apostolic Era：
Different names due to the context 1 Cor 15:1~11 (1) ..preached..received (2) “received”& “preached” to you (3) Acts 2:37~38 Original gospel

D. Way of manifesting this Common Faith
Tit 1:3 Via preaching

True God Man’s concept of God
△ Regardless of what culture, man will seek God Way：Top ↓ Top ↑ ↓ ↑ Bottom ↓ Bottom ↑ Revelation(Bible) Man’s way (cannot reach God) History of philosophical probe: Cosmology, Anthropology, Theism

Possibility & Process of Seeking God
God Revelation Worship Purpose Unbridgeable Gap Truth 神 Bible God’s essence Jn 16:13, 2 Pet 1:21 Man Holy Spirit

Religious Views On God’s Existence
3 major directions of understanding God’s Existence： Theism（Believe God exists besides this material world） Atheism Agnosticism (Immanuel Kant)

Religious Views On God’s Existence
有神论 Theism（相信物质界外有神的存在）独一神论 Monotheism 泛神论 Pantheism 多神论 Polytheism 自然神论 Deism 万有神论 Panetheism (泛自然神论)

独一神论 Monotheism Only one highest God
Omnipotent, omnipresent, omniscient God which Christianity believes in Create, sustain universe & all things No other gods besides Him

泛神论 Pantheism One highest God God unites with universe as one
God= universe， Sum of universe = God Monism Universe & all things are the manifestation of God Matter in universe is eternal, is the cause of all lives Chinese：Everyone= small universe， corresponds to the big universe

多神论 Polytheism Many gods in universe
May have a chief of all gods，with his subordinates Eg：Ancient Greek mythology -（ZEUS） Many folk religions in China

单一神论 Henotheism Union of monotheism & polytheism Mainly polytheistic
Worship only one specific God at one place & time According to needs, relationship, occupation Eg：Chinese：Businessman~ Guan Gong Watch smith in Shanghai（Matteo Ricci） India：As much is the sand of Ganges, so are the gods of Indians

自然神论 Deism From Latin word Deus，ie God
Originated from Rationalism during Enlightenment Era A transcendent God in universe（= Transcendence） Create, but not directly sustain & control all things Only fixes Law ( of nature), like the watch smith Don’t believe in God who lives among men or miracles （≠ Immanence） Scientists who believed eg Newton，Benjamin Franklin

泛自然神论 / 万有神论 Panetheism
Thru universe & all things, an only Almighty God is manifested God is greater than all things & encompasses all things. 3. All things are in ( Greek - en）Him Eg：Chinese deity Pan Gu who stretched & opened up the heaven & earth Man is part of all things （Man to unite with this God）

无神论 Atheism Types of Atheism
Question：Think (Eph 2:10~18) of the peopl e who were “without God”, which type of At heism do they belong to?

无神论 Atheism 1. Practical Atheism
Some conduct their lives as if there is no God, livin g in “self –ego”, entrenched in sin, dare not face li ght/God, unwilling & unable to change their sinful habits. Use their conduct to deny God’s existence, but does not mean their mind do not have the concept of God Jn 3:20, Eph 2:12

无神论 Atheism 2. Dogmatic Atheism, 2 main popular views: 1) God is the projection of human ideals & hope a)Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach(1804~1872)’s Projection theory：God is a product of man’s projected ideals & hope in the virtual sense. When this is modified & going thru Objectification, it becomes God. He changed 「God is love」to 「Love is God」, when love replaces God, God disappears b) Sigmund Freud(1856~1939)：Psychological view of 「Realization of wishes」 Religion is a psychological illness (Neurosis) or an assumption made by immature imagination

无神论 Atheism 2) God is the opium of man, serving the rich & powerful in the higher hi erarchy of the society a) Karl Marx (1818~1883)： Proposed that Capitalism-based economic structure distanced man, resulting in the belief in God When Social revolution eliminates the inequality in society, religion will diminish 「Christianity」=「Opium of man」,used to reduce the pressure & sorrows of man, & is the main enemy of Communism b) Lenin, Nikolai(1870~1924)：「Christianity」=「Anaesthetics for the souls」, cheating workers Eliminates Christianity, establish an atheistic nation, then an ideal & perfect Communist society will result

无神论 Atheism 3. Virtual Atheism - Many theologians used special terminologies to deny God’s existence, either intentionally or unintentionally. - God’s existence depends on current experiences & personal judgment. Their god is only conceptual & subje ctive 1)Paul Tillich (Existentialist) : 「God is the basis/highest principle of all existence」： Eg: He denied God heals. Instead, healing comes from man’s power, because in man there is already God’s bas is & power

无神论 Atheism 3. Virtual Atheism ．Being：Exist before all existence, as in existence before foundation of the world (Eph 1:4)， Concept of infinity ．Existence：things manifested, touchable & tangible environment

Time in Buddhism: endless circle of reincarnat ion
无神论 Atheism Time in Bible: horizontal progressive line from creation to end of the world Time in Buddhism: endless circle of reincarnat ion ．Predestination： In God’s eternity, it is hard for man to discuss Predestination, because Predestination must be realized & discussed in time & space. But God is not limited by time & space.

2) Chinese proverb “Believe & it will come true”：
无神论 Atheism 2) Chinese proverb “Believe & it will come true”： An atheistic view: if don’t believe then there is no God True God transcends man’s concept ( Eph 4:6) Hence, just humbly accept. Man is originally of God, but turned into sinners ( who fell short of God’s glory). Come to glory due for God ( Rom 11:36）, for all are from Him, thru Him & to Him.

无神论 Atheism 3) Schleier macher－means 「Maker of veil」. He fits his nam e by creating & covering a veil upon religion Propose：Religion is a feeling towards absolute reliance* （feeling Gefuel） * A phenomenon of man to rely on the absolute existence, this feeling & response resulted in religion Religion depends on: 1.Personal experiences of infinity 2.Personal judgment, God is the projection of the mind 4) Many theologians are practical, dogmatic & virtual atheists Eph 4:6 = answer of TJC to all these views

Atheist proposes no God. If there is, He is
Agnosticism God transcends time & space, & man’s rational ity, but is often limited in rational mind of man under time & space by man Hence, no one can know this God who transcends time & space & rationality. So there is no absolute truth in the world, resulting in Skepticism Atheist proposes no God. If there is, He is unknown to us, ie man can never truly know whether God exists

不可知论 Agnosticism △ Thomas Henry Huxley(1829~1895)
―Scientist, evolutionist, founder of Agnosticism -man cannot know any being beyond our experienced phenomena/ things -set the boundary of knowledge, opposition of faith & science ※ William James：uses man’s will to counter agnosticism △ Immanuel Kant(1724~1804),philosopher: Rationalism peaked under him，「 Critique of Pure Reason 」；r ealm beyond the experience is unknown. Hence, he had 3 criticisms, ie reason, aesthetics, moral.

※ William James：uses man’s will to counter agnosticism
Epistemological realism is a philosophical position a subcategory of objectivism, holding that what you know about an object exists independently of your mind. Epistemological idealism is a subjectivist position in epistemology that holds that what one knows about an object exists only in one's mind.

True God Monotheism vs Polytheism （Hinduism）
（Christianity） Polytheism （Taoism）（Islam） Atheism （Buddhism）（Judaism） Pantheism（Taoism） Pantheism（Taoism）

Proofs Of God’s Existence
(Classical Arguments On God’s Existence) 1。阿奎那五法 (5 Ways of Thomas Aquinas) 第一推动力 (FIRST MOVER) 因果之链 (FIRST CAUSE) 唯一必然性 (NECESSARY BEING) 最高级存在 (GREATEST BEING) 万物的目的 (INTELLIGENT DESIGNER)

This 「First Mover」is “God” in religion
證以動律（Argument drawn form metaphysical movement－Proof from motion and change） Facts of motion：From observation, all things in the universe move Motion must be initiated by a mover：Every moving thing must be moved by another thing A first mover put in motion by no other－A first unmoved mover exists, if we trace every moving thing to the origin of it motion This 「First Mover」is “God” in religion

2.因果之链 (FIRST CAUSE) 證以因果律（Argument drawn from efficient
causality－Proof by efficient cause） Deduction：No cause, no effect（To take away the case is to take away the effect） Conclusion：Whether tracing up or down, we can find many intermediary causes, but there must be a 「First cause」（The first and Uncaused cause）that causes every thing else to happen That First Cause = God

3.唯一必然性 (NECESSARY BEING)
證以萬物的偶然性（Argument drawn from the contingency of beings，or Proof form necessary Being） The changes in the universe & human matters show all things & matters in universe can be there or not there（accidental Beings） Deduction： Essence/Substance:Only describe things, never touch on it exist or not Being：describe certain “substance” concretely exists. Real existence All things：before they exist may be none, but in certain stages may come into being or not. Some things that never exist cannot make themselves or other things to exist Contingent being must rely on necessary thing to come into being. Contingent Being presupposes Necessary Being. Conclusion: all things & their changes in universe are contingent (can be or can not be). Tracing upward, there must be a God ( origin of all things ), who is necessary (absolutely) & eternal

4.最高级存在 (GREATEST BEING)
證以萬物的美善之等級（Argument drawn from the grades of perfection manifested in being Proof from the degrees of beings.） Facts：3 grades of comparing things：Same, lesser or greater eg beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful Deduction：Need for the “greatest” as the standard of comparison. Things can be smallest or greatest beyond measure Conclusion：everything is relative by comparison, but there must be one who is the greatest being. He is God

5.万物的目的 (INTELLIGENT DESIGNER)
證以萬物的秩序和目的（Proof form the final cause from the Orders of the universe） Man is nothing compared to universe & stars：Sun is 13 millions time bigger than Earth Uranus 14 times > Earth Neptune 17 times > Earth Saturn 93 times > Earth Jupiter 1279 times > Earth

5.万物的目的 (INTELLIGENT DESIGNER)
Optimum position of Earth relative to the Sun Order of unverse eg Solar system Intelligent Design of all living creatures eg plants, animals, human body Deduction：The order & purpose of universe & all things are inseparable. All things fulfill their purposes in their design and order Conclusion：The smart designer of this purpose is God

Proofs of God‘s existence
2。Moral Argument By Kant 3。Ontological Argument by Anselm of Canterbury) (stresses God is the greatest conceivable being )

Kant’s Moral Argument Moral behaviour is rational.
Morality behaviour is only rational if justice will be done. Justice will only be done if God exists. Therefore: God exists.

Kant’s Moral Argument 1. Moral Behaviour is Rational
Moral behaviour, Kant is adamant, is rational behaviour; we have good reason to be moral. This is a fundamental principle of morality: if you ought to do something then you have a reason to do it. It makes no sense to say “I see that I ought to give money to charity, but I have no reason to.” If we ought to do something then that is a reason to do it. What is more, a moral reason is always a stronger reason for doing something than any other reason. If we have a moral reason to do a thing, and another reason not to do it, then rationally speaking we ought to do it. Moral behaviour is always rational.

Kant’s Moral Argument 2. Moral Behaviour is Only Rational if Justice Will be Done Moral behaviour, though, would not be rational if there were no guarantee that it would be rewarded. If, as seems to be the case, sin often profits more than righteousness, then surely it is sinful rather than righteous behaviour that would be rational. Faced with a choice between doing that which is right and doing that which is wrong but which benefits us most, if there are no comebacks for immorality then it is rational for us to do that which is wrong but which benefits us most. It is only if there are comebacks for immorality, if justice will ultimately be done, that we have a reason to be moral.

Kant’s Moral Argument 3. Justice Will Only be Done if God Exists
Clearly justice is not administered in this life: some cheats prosper; some crime pays; bad things happen to good people. People do not always, or even often, get what they deserve. Life isn‘t fair. If this life is all there is, then, justice is not done, and so moral behaviour is not rational; we have no reason to be good. We do, though, have a reason to be good. This life, then, cannot be all that there is. There must be something more. The traditional Christian view of life after death has justice being meted out to sinners, and the righteous receiving the reward that they deserve. If this view, or some other like it, is correct, then we can explain the rationality of morality. If not, then, we cannot. The rationality of morality therefore establishes that something like the Christian view of the afterlife is correct.

本體論 (Ontological Argument)
Anselm's ontological argument purports to be an a priori proof of God's existence. Anselm starts with premises that do not depend on experience for their justification and then proceeds by purely logical means to the conclusion that God exists. His aim is to refute the fool who says in his heart that there is no God (Psalms 14:1). This fool has two important features. He understands the claim that God exists. He does not believe that God exists. Anselm's goal is to show that this combination is unstable. Anyone who understands what it means to say that God exists can be led to see that God does exist. On this view, the atheist is not just mistaken: his position is internally inconsistent.

Ontological Argument We believe that thou art(God) a being than which nothing greater can be conceived. But, at any rate, this very fool, when he hears of this being of which I speak - a being than which nothing greater can be conceived - understands what he hears, and what he understands is in his understanding; although he does not understand it to exist. For it is one thing for an object to be in the understanding, another to understand that the object exists. For when a painter first conceives of what he will afterwards perform, he has it in his understanding be he does not yet understand it to be, because he has not yet performed it. But after he has made the painting, he both has it in his understanding and he understands that it exists, because he has made it.

Ontological Argument And assuredly, that than which nothing greater can be conceived (God) cannot exist in the understanding alone: then it can be conceived to exist in reality, which is greater. Therefore, if that than which nothing greater can be conceived (God) exists in the understanding alone, the very being than which nothing greater can be conceived is one than which a greater can be conceived. But obviously this is impossible.

本體論 (Ontological Argument)
:

Proofs of God’s Existence
TJC　Argument: Besides using the analogy of faith ( mind of Christ) to apply all the above arguments, all the more stresses the 3 characteristics of True Church ie Truth, Holy Spirit, Signs 1 Cor 2:4: Holy Spirit Proof of God’s power Rom 15:18: Power of signs & wonders Power of the Holy Spirit to convince the gentiles ( purpose of arguments)

Knowing God Revelation Natural Special Target For all men
All to receive Few will receive grace Purpose Proclaim God’s greatness & man’s insignificance Proclaim God’s grace for man to receive grace Way of God’s revelation Via created things (Rom 1:20; Ps 19:1~6) Via OT Moses & prophets (Heb 1:1. ; Ps 19:7~14) 2. Highest moral command 2. Jesus revealed the heavenly Father ( Word incarnated, Jn 1:18, Heb 1:2) 3. Man’s religiosity 3. Apostles & prophets ( Heb 2:3-4, Eph 3:3-6) Man’s way of receiving A Posteriori Argument Revealed in heart ( Gal 1:16) -personal ( Phil 3:10) 2. A Priori Argument 2. Described by analogy ( Rom 5:7ff)

Knowing God – Natural Revelation
Limitation of Natural Revelation Man cannot know salvation from natural revelation because： 1. Separation of Sin Gen 3:23-24 v23 Sent – for a purpose v24 Cast – different action & feeling 2. No “faith” from God - unable to receive God’s salvation (Rom 1:17, Heb 11:7, Ps 14:1,3)

Knowing God – Special Revelation
Necessity of Special Revelation: Because of Sin Because man lost “faith” Characteristics of Special Revelation 1) Centred on salvation - Physical appearance of Jesus was not stressed

Knowing God – Special Revelation
2) God uses “ Accommodation” to reveal to man As in adult squatting down to talk to children 2 ways: a）Anthropo-morphism God is self-existing,one & only Spirit who transends time & space. We don’t use “person” or “will, feel, reason” that separates animal from man in human world, to define God From this view, God has human form & organs Eg: God’s arm, hand, eye, mouth b) Anthrop0-pathism Uses man’s emotions to describe the equivalent of God Hence, God will relent/regret, be sad, angry, joyful

Views on One True God ～動力Dynamic （嗣子论 Adoptionism） 1. 三位一體 Trinity
2. 神格唯一論 Monarchianism ～動力Dynamic （嗣子论 Adoptionism）～形態 Modalistic（撒伯流主义Sabellianism） 3. 幻影论 Docetism （诺斯底主义Gnosticism） 4. 圣子从圣父论 Subordinationism 5. TJC concept of One True God 真耶穌教會獨一神觀

Unitarianism ≠ TJC concept of One True God
Trinity ≠ Tri-theism Unitarianism ≠ TJC concept of One True God

Trinity Describe the divinity of Jesus to defend concept of One True God No problem in OT, only arises after Jesus’ incarnation

Trinity Historical Background Toward the development of the Doctrine of Trinity

Controversy of The Eastern Churches(Arian Controversy): Arius & Alexander(Athanasius)
Antiochians (Syria) vs Alexandrians (Egypt) Created logos vs Begotten logos * Athanasius = assistant to Alexander

Arianism Before Logos After Logos Father（Create） Logos
Logos became God via his own will Logos was created Reason replaces man’s mind Mind Demi/ half God Body Act of free will united with God （Conditions of a man）

Arianism 1. Firstborn of all creation
2.Medium thru which the world & all things were created 3.Transcendent yet still changeable, not God Himself 4. Keep goodness via his own free will. 5. Holy Son was created, not existing eternally

亞他那修的理論 Athanasius’ Theory
Logos was begotten God has one nature ∕ Father & Son relation is outside time The One Who Begets Father The Begotten Son (not among created things) ＝By nature is God’s son, not by deeds Homo ousios (Same) (Substance) △ God’s nature has eternal substance

尼西亞會議 Nicaea Council： Doctrine (concept of Father & Son of identical/same substance) by Athanasius won & was accepted to be one of the church doctrines. He convinced the emperor to convene the meeting & became the chairman of the meeting Arianism supporters, who joined the meeting, had Eusebius of Nicomedia as their leader. The neutral party were leaders from Caesarea, with Caesarean style Apostolic Creed (uncertain on the points of controversy) This doctrine was agreed & proposed by Emperor Constantine the Great, under the influence of majority archbishops who agreed, ie Identical/same substance (Homoousios) * Arius was supported by certain archbishops, such as Eusebius of Caesarea & Eusebius of Nicomedia (from the place of the palace)

Arian Controversy: Later development & outcome
Helped by Constantine, Eusebians & their Similar/like substance（Homoiousios） dominated a long period of time, ie Son & Father are of similar substance, & not identical substance Hence, they were called Semi-Arians－not Arians, because they stressed on similarity/likeness Church fathers related to Holy Spirit： Athanasius, in AD 362 at Alexandrian Council insisted the identical/same substance of the Holy Spirit is the only true doctrine

尼西亞信經 Nicene Creed (Slide 94-96)：
我信獨一神，全能的父，創造天地和有形無形萬物的主。（同意）我信獨一主耶穌基督，神的獨生子，在萬世以前為父所生，出於神而為神，出於光而為光，出於真神而為真神，受生而非被造，與父一體，萬物都是藉著祂造的；（同意）參考：西一16 祂為要拯救我們世人，從天降臨，因著聖靈，並從童女馬利亞成肉身，而為人；（同意）在本丟彼拉多手下，為我們釘於十字架，受難，埋葬；（同意）照聖經第三天復活；（同意）並升天，坐在父的右邊；（同意）將來必有榮耀在降臨，審判活人死人；祂的國度永無窮盡；（同意）我信聖靈，賜生命的主，從父和聖靈出來，與父子同受敬拜，同受尊榮，祂曾藉眾先知說話。（同意）我信獨一神聖大公使徒的教會；（同意）我認使罪得赦的獨一洗禮；（同意）我望死人復活；（同意） .並來世生命。（同意）

尼西亞信經 Nicene Creed： AD 325 Nicaea Council 318 fathers
AD 381 Constantinopole Council 150 fathers (Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed)

First Council of Nicea (325) First Council of Constantinople (381)
We believe in one God, the Father Almighty, Maker of all things visible and invisible. We believe in one God, the Father Almighty, Maker of heaven and earth, and of all things visible and invisible. And in one Lord Jesus Christ, the Son of God, begotten of the Father [the only-begotten; that is, of the essence of the Father, God of God,] Light of Light, very God of very God, begotten, not made, being of one substance with the Father; And in one Lord Jesus Christ, the only-begotten Son of God, begotten of the Father before all worlds (æons), Light of Light, very God of very God, begotten, not made, being of one substance with the Father; By whom all things were made [both in heaven and on earth]; by whom all things were made; 尼西亞信經 Nicene Creed：

First Council of Nicea (325) First Council of Constantinople (381)
Who for us men, and for our salvation, came down and wasincarnate and was made man; who for us men, and for our salvation, came down from heaven, and was incarnate by the Holy Ghost of the Virgin Mary, and was made man; He suffered, and the third day he rose again, ascended into heaven; he was crucified for us under Pontius Pilate, and suffered, and wasburied, and the third day he rose again, according to the Scriptures, and ascended into heaven, and sitteth on the right hand of the Father; 尼西亞信經 Nicene Creed：

From thence he shall come to judge the quick and the dead.
from thence he shall come again, with glory, to judge the quick and the dead; whose kingdom shall have no end. And in the Holy Ghost. And in the Holy Ghost, the Lord and Giver of life, who proceedeth from the Father,** who with the Father and the Son together is worshiped and glorified, who spake by the prophets. In one holy catholic and apostolic Church; we acknowledge one baptism for the remission of sins; we look for the resurrection of the dead, and the life of the world to come. Amen. [But those who say: 'There was a time when he was not;' and 'He was not before he was made;' and 'He was made out of nothing,' or 'He is of another substance' or 'essence,' or 'The Son of God is created,' or 'changeable,' or 'alterable'—they are condemned by the holy catholic and apostolic Church.]

Filioque : Source of Eastern & Western Church Schism
And in the Holy Ghost, the Lord and Giver of life, who proceedeth from the Father, and from the son At 6th century, accepted by the West rejected by the East

Development of Trinity Theology
By the end of the 4th century, under the leadership of Basil of Caesarea, Gregory of Nyssa, and Gregory of Nazianzus (the Cappadocian Fathers), the doctrine had reached substantially its current form

Subsequent to the First Council of Nicea, Arianism did not simply disappear. The Council of Nicea had asserted that the Son was of the same substance (homoousios) as the Father. The semi-Arians taught that the Son is of like substance with the Father (homoiousios) as against the outright Arians who taught that the Son was not like the Father, but had been created, and was therefore not God. So the Son was held to be like the Father but not of the same essence as the Father.

The Cappadocians worked to bring these semi-Arians back to the orthodox cause. In their writings they made extensive use of the (now orthodox) formula "one substance (ousia) in three persons (hypostaseis)". The relationship is understandable, argued Basil of Caesarea, in a parallel drawn from Platonism: any three human beings are each individual persons and all share a common universal, their humanity. The formulation explicitly acknowledged a distinction between the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit, (a distinction that Nicea had been accused of blurring), but at the same time insisting on their essential unity. Hypostasis = the shared existence of spiritual and corporal entities, = "individual reality"

三位一體 Trinity 2 main terminologies:
(A) Substance： from Latin word substantia；as the structure & basis all phenomena Simply put, the essential origin of a thing Eg: if a man is without soul, he is not a living man. Hence, the soul is the essential origin of a man Eg: If a packet drink of orange juice does not contain orange juice, this packet is a empty paper packet, not orange juice. So the juice becomes the essential content of a packet drink

三位一體 Trinity (B) Person：from Latin word persona (masks used, or roles/characters played by actors) Mask (prosopon) (Tertullian) Will, Feel, Reason/Wisdom One entity，which can be ascribed spiritual & physical qualites We say God is a person because He has personality, reason, feel, decisive will & action. Holy Father, Son & Holy Spirit are separate entities, each having his own reason, feel, decisive will & action. Hence, every entity is a person These 3 persons are co-equal and co-eternal

三位一體 Trinity “Economic" Trinity (in relation to creation & salvation) vs “Immanent/Ontological/essential" Trinity (regardless of creation & salvation) Catholic: The "economic" Trinity is the "immanent" Trinity and the "immanent" Trinity is the "economic" Trinity.

The Errors of Trinity Originated from paganistic beliefs：
a. Trimûrti in Hinduism：Brahma－Vishnu－Shiva b. Roman’s Jupiter－Mars(god of war)－Quirin or Quirinus ( god of peace) c. Buddha’s trikâya in Buddhism: Nirmanakaya化身， Sambhogakaya报身， Dharmakaya法身

The Errors of Trinity Use the “person” of human world on God of eternal realm Extend the concept of Father, Son ,Holy Spirit (who seemed to be in person) in the transient human world under time & space to the God in eternal realm above time & space

Biblical concept： The Errors of Trinity
Verses that seem to support Trinity： Gen 1:26：｢Our likeness｣ Mt 28:19：｢In the name of F,S,HS｣ Mt 3:16：｢HS like dove……｣ 2 Cor 13:14：｢Grace of Jesus, mercy of God, communion of HS..｣

The Errors of Trinity Gen 1:26：｢Our likeness｣ God uses the plural noun “Us” to differentiate from the singular noun “I” of man, showing distinction between God & man God & the plurality of heavenly angels (Hofstaat)： 1 Kgs 22:19, Job 1:6, 2:1, 38:7

The Errors of Trinity Pluralis Majestastis (Ezra 4:18)
Pluralis Deliberationis (Gen 1:26, 3:22, 11:6, Isa 6:8)

Verses that support TJC One True God:
The Errors of Trinity Verses that support TJC One True God: Double combination： Rom 1: 7, 1 Cor 1 : 3 2. Single combination： Isa 9: 6 、Jn 10: 30, 14: 9, 23, 17: 11 Acts 2: 38，8: 16，16: 6-7

Verses on One True God God’s proclamation of His oneness
-(Deut 32:39, Isa 6X, Hos 13:4) Address of the elect to God -(Deut 6:4, Zech 14:9) Jesus testified God is one & only -(Mk 12:29, Jn 5:44, 17:3) The apostles declared the oneness of God -(Rom 16:27, 1 Tim 1:17, 6:16, Jude 4,24)

Monarchianism Dynamic (= Adoptionism) Modalistic
(West – Patripassionism) (East – Sabellianism)

神格唯一論 Monarchianism 動力Dynamic (嗣子说Adoptionism)
Theodotus of Byzantium ( the Tanner/Shoemaker/Fuller), Paul of Samosata (AD 260) 形態 Modalistic (西方West – 圣父受难说Patripassionism) (东方East – 撒伯流主义Sabellianism) Noetus, Praxeas, Sabellius (AD )

動力神格唯一論（Dynamic Monarchianism）(嗣子说Adoptionism) God is Spirit
HS Father’s voice HS  Baptism   Crucifixion   Son of man Son of God Son of man

Modalistic Monarchianism
God appears in different modes in different eras But still one God Actors & the Stage “Changing of Faces”

Modalistic Monarchianism
OT Father Creation NT Son Redemption Church HS Motivate

Errors of Views on One True God
Trinity – (uses the person in human world) Deny the oneness of God in eternity 2. Monarchianism ～ Adoptionism – Deny the divinity of Jesus ～Sabellianism –Deny manifestation of God as F,S, HS at the same era 3. Docetism –Deny the humanity of Jesus 4. Subordinationism-Deny the transcendence of Jesus

TJC Concept of One True God
God is Spirit, God is Word F，S，HS Creation End

Dispensation of Redemption in Christ
One True God I am who I am (Exo 3:14) God is Spirit (Jn4:24) Jn 8:24,28 2 Cor 3:17 F,S,HS F≠S≠HS F,S=HS Dispensation of Redemption in Christ F,S,HS creation End

Dispensation of Redemption n Christ
2 Births of Jesus God is Spirit (Jn 4:24) Dispensation of Redemption n Christ God’s Power Spirit Resurrection Son of God Mary Father sent Son Rom 1:3-4 Son of man F begot S X X Creation End Physical Birth Lk 1:35 Spiritual Birth Ps 2:4, Acts 13:33-34

God’s relation with elect in redemption
Dispensation of Redemption n Christ God is Spirit (Jn 4:24) 灵末 Heaven F S HS ：：： God Jesus HS F S HS F S HS ：：： F Elect ：：： God Adam Work God Baptised Promised F Elect F Mediator HS 人子 Earth X X Creation Spread out Heaven & earth (Zech 12：1） (Physical)Birth Mt 1:21, Gal 4:4 (Spiritual) Birth Ps 2:4, Acts 13:33-34 End Rolled up heaven & earth (Rev 6：14）

Relation of F,S,HS in Godhead
Dispensation of Redemption n Christ One True God Rev 22:3 Throne of God & the Lamb F S HS ：：： God Jesus HS F S HS F S HS ：：： (Heb 2:14-15,10) ：：： Redeem fallen son God Adam Work God Baptised Promised (Rom3:23, Heb2:17, Jn 20:17,Rom8:29-30) (Lk 3:38) F Mediator HS Rev 5:6 Lamb before throne X X Creation Manifested in flesh (1 Tim 3:16) End

Only God (Spirit, I am) (Jn 4:24,8:24,28; Exo 3:14) Absolute, transcendent realm Word with God/Word=God/F (Gen1:1, Jn1:1) becomes God’s power, Spirit Mary (begot) Son of God Bodily resurrection (F begot S) Flesh = Adam in Eden Death= sinned Adam (God appeared in flesh) Promised HS Son of man Dispensation of Redemption n Christ Creation End

Accommodation : ~ Using human matters to describe heavenly, spiritual matters or the relationship (Father, Son and Holy Spirit ) of God’s redemptive work in human world

圣经 Bible 一萬四千多種不同語言版本發行量累積已超過四十億本平均每年依然超過三千萬本以上全世界最暢銷的書

Bible The most precious gift presented to man by our heavenly Lord.
A philosopher from England “ Watson” said, “ The Holy Bible is a sparkling diamond, a chain of pearls, the sword of the Spirit, the compass of Christians in walking towards eternal life, the map of the journey of man’s life, the light of our normal daily life, the standard of how to be a man. ( II Timothy 3: 16-17).

Bible Word of God ( 2000 times ) ( Luke 1: 37).
Lincoln freed the Negro slaves. “ You are already in our stomach” Many bible readers have changed their way of handling matters, attitude, concept of life, meaning of life, power to change, influential power. Science originated from theology.

(A) The important truth revealed by the Holy Bible.
In this universe, there exists a one True God. Source of all living ( life). Relationship between God and man ( Deut 32:39). Our ancestors sinned against God. Terrible consequences of sinning against God ( Rev 21: 8)

(A) The important truth revealed by the Holy Bible.
Reason of living and pursuit for true reason. Jesus is the only Saviour of mankind ( Acts 4:12) The true and only way of salvation ( Acts 2:38, Titus 3:5, II Timothy 3: 15-16, Matt 7: 21). Situation in the heavenly kingdom ( Rev 21: 4) Fear of hell ( Mark 9: 43-48, Matt 25: 30,46).

(B) Compilation of the Bible
Divided into “ Old Testament” and “ New Testament”. Deliver man from sin and bondage and contained the laws of man ( Heb 8: 6-13). Old Testament are records before the birth of Jesus and New Testament contains the happening after the birth of Christ. Old and New Testament have equal importance: The Lord used prophecies of the Old Testament to prophesy His coming and the Lord came not to abolish the law but to fulfill the law ( Matt 5: 17).

(B) Outline of the Bible
Old Testament – 39 books ( 929 chapters) New Testament – 27 books ( 260 chapters) Total 31,173 verses, 66 books 1189 chapters.

OT : AD 1236 Cardinal Caro –divide chapters AD Jewish Rabbi -divide verses

Writers Old Testament – 31 writers ( prophets, kings, politicians, farmers, cup-bearers) New Testament – 9 writers ( doctors, tax collectors, scribes, fishermen). Languages Old Testament ( Hebrew, minor Latin ) New Testament ( Greek)

Span of years Old Testament : 1400 –400 BC : about years. New Testament: AD 45 –96 : about 50 years. Translated Texts 1810 different types of languages. Bestseller / demand / sales 20 billion per year.

概要语文旧约 ( 希伯来文 ) ( 少数亚兰文 ) 新约 ( 希腊文). 著书年代
旧约 ( 希伯来文 ) ( 少数亚兰文 ) 新约 ( 希腊文). 著书年代旧约: BC 1400 –400 : 年左右. 新约: AD : 左右.

True author is “ God” Word of God ( 2000 times)
Written by His finger ( Ex 31: 18) Spoke face to face ( Num 12: 7-8 ) God appeared ( I Kings 19 : 12-18) Messengers / angels ( Heb 2: 2) Visions and dreams ( Num 12: 6, Rev 1: 2, 11, 19) Moved by Holy Spirit ( II Peter 1: 21) Revelation from God ( II Tim 3: 15-17).

Hebrew Alphabets

Greek Alphabets

The Holy Bible is the book of God
Not one jot or one stroke will disappear ( Matt 5: 18) Do not add or take away or change ( Deu 12: 32, Rev 22: 18-19) Holy Bible testify of Jesus ( Jn 5: 39).

How authentic is the Bible?
The American Minister of Science, Dr. Harry Rimmer said, if anyone is able to find any fault with the Bible, one will be given a reward. 1. The theory of creation ( Gen 1:1) The map indicated ( Isa 40: 22) 700 BC In the year 1472, the findings of Christopher Columbus, the explorer.

2. Wind carries weight ( Job 28: 23-25) 1400 BC. 300 years ago in Italy – Galileo, meteorologist. 3. Quantity of ocean water. Circulation of seawater Absorb hydrogen and oxygen Living things unable to survive.

4. The formation of rain ( Job 36: 26-28) 3400 BC 5. Universe ( Gen 1:1, Psalm 19: 1) Sun-like stars as many as ten thousand. Planetary system, orbit and rotation speed ( miracle). Birds, animals, trees, flowers, insects, vegetation, plants and structure of the human body. Miracle is a phenomenon not often seen but actually our nature which we often see is a miracle of God.

. Historical Proofs: The missing day ( Judges 10: 12-13, Isa 38:8). Sir Edwin Ball ( Astrologist from England ) C.L. Trotter, an American university lecturer, confirmed the missing 24 hours from calculating the earth orbits. America’s NASA also discovered the missing 24 hours ( time and month) of the earth orbiting the sun.

. The fulfillment of Prophecies and promises testifies of the authority of the Bible. Prophesy can be taken to mean a prediction of what is to come, which is given by the revelation of God to the prophets. God is omniscient, and his providence covers all dimensions of time and space. He fulfills all His promises in due time. The prophecies in the Bible have continuously been fulfilled one by one, and this only goes to confirm the claims that the Bible is indeed the word of God ( Isa 46:9-10; Prov 30:5-6).

Examples of the prophecies concerning Israel
It was foretold that a king from Babylon would come to destroy Jerusalem, and Israel would be in captivity for 70 years ( Jer 7:27,25; 8-12, 29:10) Fulfilled: Because the kings, priests, and people transgressed the law of God and defiled the temple, God allowed the Chaldeans ( a tribal people dominant in Babylonia) to burn the holy temple and the palaces down. The Chaldeans carried the people away to Babylon. After 70 years of the babylonians captivity, Cyrus, king of Persia, was moved by God to release the Jews. In fulfillment of the prophecy of Jeremiah, the Jews returned to Jerusalem and rebuilt the temple ( II Chr 26:14-23).

Examples of Prophecies concerning Christ
Christ was to be born of a virgin ( Isa 7:14) He is the seed of the woman ( Gen 3:15) Fulfilled: The virgin Mary gave birth to Jesus, the Saviour, by way of the Holy Spirit ( Mt 1: ). Jesus came from the lineage of David ( jer 23:5, Mt 22: 41-42) Fulfilled: According to earthly genealogy, Jesus is the seed of David ( Mt 1: 1,20 )

The Messiah was to be born in Bethlehem ( Micah 5:2, Mt 2: 4-6) Fulfilled: Mary returned to bethlehem, her husband’s home town, for registration in the census, it was there that Jesus was born ( Lk 2: 1-7). 80 英里miles

The Messiah was to be sold for the price of 30 pieces of silver ( Zech 11:2) Fulfilled: Judas Iscariot betrayed the Lord Jesus for 30 pieces of silver ( Mt 26: 14-15).

The Messiah’s hands and feet were to be pierced ( Ps 22: 14-18) Fulfilled: Jesus was crucified on the cross and his hands and feet were pierced ( Mt 27: 22,23,26,32-35)

Shroud Of Turin 都靈裹屍布

The Messiah would be raised from the grave or Shoel ( Ps 16:10) Fulfilled: Jesus resurrected on the third day from his tomb ( Lk 24: 1-7; Acts 2: 25-32).

十架七言灵死亡灵复活父啊！赦免他们父啊！我将灵魂交在你手里（肉体死）（罪人身份代死）肉体复活今日你与我同在乐园了
看！你的母亲我的神！我的神！为何离弃我我渴了成了父啊！我将灵魂交在你手里 No right over his life, according to(KATA) salvation viewpoint. Father has the right: send the son

信徒层面灵死亡灵复活父啊！赦免他们出生：罪中死（灵）洗礼：灵复活父啊！我将灵魂交在你手里末日：肉体复活（肉体死）
（罪人身份代死）肉体复活灵死亡灵复活父啊！赦免他们今日你与我同在乐园了看！你的母亲出生：罪中死（灵）我的神！我的神！为何离弃我我渴了成了洗礼：灵复活父啊！我将灵魂交在你手里末日：肉体复活

AUTHENTICITY OF THE BIBLE
Prophecy concerning Israel and its fulfillment:- ~ Abraham’s descendants would be a great nation (Gen 15:1-5; 21:1-7; Gen 25:22-26; 32:28). ~ The Israelites were to become strangers in a foreign land; serve that nation; be afflicted; and later to come out of bondage (Gen 15:13-14; Gen 46:1-7,26-27; Exo 1:22; 12:35-41).

~ Jerusalem will be destroyed and Israel would be captured to Babylon for seventy years and then returned to Jerusalem (Jer 25:8-12; 29:10; 2 Chr 36:14-23; Ezra 1-3). ~ Because of the stubbornness and rebellious nature of Israel, they were scattered all over the world (Deut 28:64; Lev 26:33). Eg: During the trial of Jesus, the Jews answered, “His blood be upon us and our children” (Matt27:24-25).

In the First World War, the Jews were exiled by the Russians and were brutally massacred.

During the Second World War, Hitler cruelly killed about 6 million Jews.

“集中营” Concentration Camps

No other nations in the world have been scattered and persecuted like the Israelites but yet are protected from annihilation (Lev 26:44).

Those scattered will be gathered back to Israel and though Israel lost its nation head for about years, it has revived today (Isa 11:11-12; Jer 23:3; 29:14; 31:10; 32:37; cf. Matt 24:32). In Israel was revived amidst a complex international situation. Many Jews from Russia and Ethiopia had returned to Israel.

In 1948 Israel was revived amidst a complex international situation.

诗 83:1-8

~ The conflict and wars and bitterness between Israel and the Arab nations were also prophesied and fulfilled (Gen 25:23-24; 27:27-29,38- 40; Ps 83:1-8).

Prophecy concerning the coming of the Holy Spirit and its fulfillment:- ~ The Holy Spirit (Early Rain): The Church in the Apostolic time (Joel 2:28-29; Acts 2:1-4, 37-39). ~ The ceasing of the Holy Spirit: Between the Early and Latter Rain (Deut 11:16-17; Jer 3: 2-3; Isa 5:3-7; cf. Rev 2-3; Gal 1:6-9). ~ The Holy Spirit (Latter Rain): True Church at the end time (Joel 2:28-31; Eze 47:1; Zech 10:1; Rev 7:2-3).

Prophecy concerning the Latter Days:- ~ The Church and the gospel (Haggai 2:9; Amos 9:11; Matt 24:14; Rom 11:25; 2 Tim 4: 3-4). ~ The appearing of false prophets (Matt 24:4-5, 11,24; 1 Jn 2:18-19; Rev 13:11-18; cf. Isa 4:1). ~ World politics and wars (Dan 2:33,41-43; 9: 27; 11:31; 12:11; Matt 24:6-8,15). ~ Sins and wickedness of the world (Lk 17:26-28; 2 Tim 3:1-5).

Nebuchadnezzar’s Dream

~ Natural disasters, pestilences and changes in climate and environment (Matt 24:7; Lk 21:25; ref. Rev 8:7-13; 16:2-11,17-21).

Wars Since 1900 World War I (1914 to 1918) 20 million deaths.
World War II (1939 to 1945) 62 million deaths Today at least 35 nations have nuclear weapons Today at least 30 wars around the world

S 1914 - 1918 第一次世界大战 1918 - 1922 苏联内战 1936 - 1939 西班牙内战
第一次世界大战苏联内战西班牙内战第二次世界大战中国内战韩战越战埃赛俄比亚战争阿富汗内战伊朗，伊拉克战争克罗地亚战争波斯尼亚战争 1991 海湾战争科索沃战争 2003 伊拉克战争

Pestilences/Virus In the World
Ebola, Coxsackie, Adenovirus Hepatitis A,B,C,D,E,G HIV Nipah Dengue Influenza A (H1N1, H3N2) Avian Flu (H5N1, H7N9)

Effects of Climate Change
Sea level is rising , threatening coastal communities, wetlands, and coral reefs Arctic sea ice, glaciers and permafrost are melting. Sea-surface & large lakes temperatures are warming.

Heavier rainfall cause flooding in many regions.

Extreme drought is increasing. Crops are withering.

Ecosystems are changing. endangering species Hurricanes have changed in frequency and strength.

More frequent heat waves. Warmer temperatures affect human health. Pollen allergy, mosquitoes.

Forest Fire (cf Rev 6:12)

Seawater is becoming more acidic, endangering coral reefs and other marine life.

Japan Earthquake 2011

Christchurch Earthquake 2011

Tsunami 2004

~ Famine (Rev 6:7-8; Matt 24:7). ~ World economy and commodities (ref. Rev 6:5-8; 13:16-17).

Confirmation and Evidence From Archaeology: In recent years, Archeology has been responsible for providing abundant and reliable sources in proving the authenticity of the Bible. Archaeology has confirmed the substantial historicity of the Old Testament and the New Testament and has unquestionably strengthened confidence in the reliability of the scriptural record.

Old Testament Archaeology:- ~ The Garden of Eden (Gen 2:8-14). Archaeology has established the lower Tigris – Euphrates Valley as the cradle of civilization.

~ The flood and Ark (Gen 6:1-9:29). The Epic of Gilgamesh (both Sumerian and Babylonian) give evidence that this event did occur. The oldest account is the Sumerian from Nippur, dating before 2000 B.C. The Babylonian one is recorded in the 11th Book of the Epic of Gilgamesh. The Flood Tablets ( B.C) unearthed at Nineveh in 1835 also records about the flood.

Part of a tablet on which the Epic of Gilgamesh; Babylonian version of flood is recorded. Nippur Tablet (tells about the flood).

~ There were also many reports of the sighting of the Ark on Mount Ararat.

~ Abraham’s birthplace, Ur (Gen 11:27-31). C.L. Woolley’s excavations in have made Ur one of the best known ancient sites of Southern Babylonian.

~ Sodom and Gomorrah and the other two surrounding cities (Gen 19:1-32). Valley of Siddim (Gen 14:3) is known to be the area now covered by the Southern end of the Dead Sea.

Ash & Brimstone Gomorrah - North Brimstone with Sulfur

~ Fall of Jericho (Josh 6:1-27). The ancient city was illustrated by Ernst Stellin’s excavations in ; John Garstong’s in 1930- 1936 and Kathleen Kenyan’s in 1950’s.

~ The Exodus – Pharoah’s Chariots (Exo 14:21-31).

Science proves the authenticity of the Bible: Concerning Meteorology氣象:- We know that water flows from the high attitude of the mountain and down to the seas, but it will never flow backwards; yet the seas are never full (ref. Ecc 1:7). The water from the sea evaporates into the air. Through the wind, it is blown to the land and descends as rain and then flows back to the sea (ref. Ps 135:7).

Science proves the authenticity of the Bible: Concerning Meteorology氣象:- He causes the vapours to ascend from the ends of the earth; He makes lightning for the rain; He brings the wind out of His treasuries (Ps 135:7).

Evaporation 蒸发 -process whereby water gains enough kinetic energy to become a gas -Nils Wallerius - Swedish -discovered between A.D

Concerning Astronomy天文学 (the science of the heavenly bodies):- Once the Europeans regarded the world as ‘flat’. The Chinese regarded that Heaven was ‘round’ and the Earth ‘square’. Not until the discovery of the Great Continent by the explorer Columbus in the 15th century and in the 16th century by a Polish astrologer named Kelvin; did they discovered that the world is round.

But the Holy Bible, long before 2000 – years ago has already indicated this truth that the world is round (Isa 40:22; Prov 8:27; Job 26:7; cf. Lk 17: – it records that when the Lord comes, some will be sleeping while some are in the fields. Thus shows the world is round. When it is day in one part of the world, the other is night).

Concerning Physics 物理:- It has long been recorded in Job 28:24-25, concerning the wind and water. The air moves and become wind. In the past, air was regarded as non-element, having no weight until Galileo, a great scientist discovered that air has weight. But around 4000 years ago, this fact had already been recorded.

According to science, the water content is exactly what is required by mankind. If the sea water is a few feet deeper, meaning that carbon dioxide and oxygen are absorbed by the sea water; then man and plants will not survive. But if the water is shallower by a few feet, then there will be a shortage of water and there will be an imbalance. Only God is capable of arranging the water to its exact measurement and weight (ref. Isa 40:12, Ps 104:9).

The efficacy of the Bible
The Bible bears witness to Jesus as the Christ ( Lk 24:27) The Bible gives humans the wisdom of salvation ( II Tim 3: 15-16) The Bible is the heavenly bread ( Jer 15:16, I Pet 2:2) The Bible reflects humanity like a mirror, by which we can examine ourselves ( Jas 1:23).

The efficacy of the Bible
The Bible cleanses human hearts so that we can be purer ( Jn 17:17). The Bible provides instruction in righteousness ( II Tim 3: 16-17) The Bible provides warning for the believers ( II Pet 2:6-8) The Bible is a spiritual weapon to fight with in spiritual warfare ( Eph 6: 17) The Bible is a primary source of spiritual strength and hope ( Ps 19:7-8)

Bible Theme ：Sin，Man，God，Salvation Main figure：Jesus Christ
Division：OT & NT Books：66 Chapters：1089 Verses :

Old Testament Hebrew & Aramaic（eg Daniel & Ezra）
Canon Bible of Judaism Greek Orthodox acknowledges 48 books； Roman Catholic acknowledges 46 books ； Protestant acknowledges 39 books Judaism Bible combines 12 minor prophets books into 1, so total of 24 scrolls

「正典」Canon Measuring Stick Referred to as “Standard”
= the scope & standard of the truth Refers to the books in the Bible

Old Testament Written in Hebrew 39 books
Canonized in AD 90 Jamnia Council

New Testament Written in Greek 27 books
Canonized in AD 397 Carthage Council Different fromJudaism, as they do not acknowledge NT as Canon, for they deny Jesus as the prophesized Messiah

次經/旁經 Apocrypha/Deuterocanon
Catholic called it Deuterocanon, which means hidden, mysterious English = secondary scripture Refers to few books found in Septuagint or Vulgate，but not in the Hebrew Bible

次經/旁經 Apocrypha/Deuterocanon
Some reckon as addition by Jewish copyists or translators later as Canon, but some copied Aramaic or Hebrew texts were foundin the Dead Sea Scrolls Different from Pseudepigraphia Pseudepigrapha’s content is reckoned to deny Christ’s salvation, or against biblical doctines, but Apocrypha are only books not included in the Canon

希臘文七十士譯本 Septuagint

次經/旁經 Apocrypha

次經/旁經 Apocrypha 以斯拉續篇上 Esdras I ，以斯拉續篇下 Esdras II 多比傳 Tobit 猶滴傳 Judith
瑪喀比傳上 Maccabees I 瑪喀比傳下 Maccabees II 所羅門智訓 The Wisdom of Solomon 便西拉之子耶数智訓 The Wisdom of Jesus son of Sirach 巴錄書 Baruch 三童歌,又名《亞薩利亞之禱言與我祖之歌頌》 The Prayer of Azariah and Song of the Three Holy Children 蘇散拿傳 Susanna 比勒與大龍 Bel and the Dragon 耶利米書信 The Epistle of Jeremy 以斯帖補編 The Rest of the Book of Esther 瑪拿西禱言 The Prayer of Manasses

偽經 Pseudepigrapha Pseudepigraphos, which means writings falsified using other names During era of the Church Fathers, in order to systematize theological content & counter the challenge of heresy, they divided the Bible into Canon, Apocrypha & Pseudepigrapha

偽經 Pseudepigraphical Writings
Jewish writings from BC 200 to AD 200 Some used the names of Adam, Enoch, Moses & Ezra, hence called《Pseudepigrapha》 Written in traditional stories, revelation visions, or dreams Purpose: To help the Jews who were going thru hardship & persecutions to keep their faith Due to its strange contents, some with wrong doctrines, 所so the Jews refused to put them into the Canon

OT Pseudoepigraphical Writings
以諾一書（ I Enoch ，BC 2nd century – AD 1st century）禧年書（ Book of Jubilees ，BC ）西卜神諭篇．卷三（ Sibylline Oracles ，BC 2nd century onward）所羅門詩篇（ Psalms of Solomon ，BC 50）摩西遺訓（ Testament of Moses ,〔 Assumption of Moses 〕，AD 1st century）以賽亞殉道記（ Martyrdom of Isaiah ，AD 1st century）死海古卷部分書卷（ Dead Sea Scrolls ，BC 2nd century to AD 1st century，eg《戰卷》〔 The War Scroll 〕）亞當和夏娃的生平（ Life of Adam and Eve ，or《摩西啟示錄》〔 Apocalypse of Moses 〕，BC 1st century to AD 1st century）亞伯拉罕遺訓（ Testament of Abraham ，AD 1st century）以諾二書（ II Enoch ， AD 1st century ）瑪加比三書（3 Maccabees）

偽經 Pseudoepigraphical Writings
(NEW TESTAMENT) 多馬福音 (Gospel of Thomas) 腓力福音 (Gospel of Philip) 猶大福音 (Gospel of Judas) 埃及人福音 (Gospel of the Egyptians) 抹大拉的馬利亞福音 (Gospel of Mary Magdalene) 十二宗徒训诲（ Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs ）黑馬牧人書 (Pastoral Epistle of Hermas) 雅各福音書 (Gospel of James) (MEDIEVAL TIMES) 巴拿巴福音 (Gospel of Barnabas)

真教会 True Church

(A)The definition of the Church
OT： Qahal (Gen 28:3, Deut 23:2)： The Lord’s Assembly --- Ecclesia Edah (Exo 12:3) ：Congregation Synagogue NT： “ Church” ( Ecclesia ) = “ a called out” congregation In the New Testament, she refers to a group of people redeemed by the precious blood of the Lord Jesus from the people of the world, to be consecrated to the Lord ( ref Acts 20:28, Rev 5: 9-10 ).

(B)The value of the Church.
Bought by the precious blood of Jesus ( Acts 20:28, Rev 5:9-10 ). The Lord paid a high price for His church ( I Cor 6: ).

(C)The relation between the church and the Lord
1) She is the Lord’s body ( Eph 1: 23 ). Therefore persecuting the church is like persecuting the Lord ( ref Acts 9: 1- 5 ). The work that is done on the least of the brethren is work done on the Lord ( ref Matt 25: 40, 45 ). Jesus loves the church ( His body ) ( Eph 5: ). 2) She is the bride of the Lord ( Eph 5: 24-25, 32 ) Husband and wife are of one body ( Gen 2: 24 ). Therefore the church is the bone of bone and flesh of flesh of Christ ( Gen 2: 23 ).

(D)The honour of the Church
She is the glorious body of the Lord. She is the queen of all queens, the queen of the Master of the heaven and earth. She is the place where God showers mercy and grace, manifests authority, preaches His message and receives glory. ( Eph 3: 10, 21 )

Concept of Church (Ecclesiology)
Heavenly Jerusalem (Gal4:26, Rev21:10) Creation End

Concept of Church (Ecclesiology)
Heavenly church (Universal, eternal, transcendent) Differs in era(time) & location (space) Creation Earthly church End

Who is the foundation of the church ? （Mt 16:18）
Peter（Petros）：pebbles Rock（Petra）：giant boulder/rock, in which caves can be hewn to bury man（Lk 8: 6、13；Mt 27:51~60；Mk 15:46）, which is also the site in the wild imagination of Gentiles to escape God’s wrath （Rev 6:15f）（Mt 7:24 f）.The foundation of the rock which is not afraid of rain, water & wind（Lk 6:48), upon which house can be built Spiritually, Jesus is the “rock which stumbles, but those who rely on Him will not be put to shame』（Rom 9:33；1Pet 2:6~8；Isa 8:14；28:16；1 Cor 10:4）That “rock” is Christ.

Petros vs Petra Petros (Pebble) Petra (Rock)

(E)The authority of the Church
The authority to retain and forgive sins ( Jn 20: ). The authority to bind and set loose ( Matt 18:18; 16: ). The authority to heal the sick and cast away demons ( Matt 10: 1 ).

(F)The commission of the Church
Propagate the gospel ( Mark 16: 15 ). Pastor the Lord’s flock ( Jn 21: 15-17, Ezek 1: 28 ). Training & Succession (Defend, support and preserve the truth) ( I Tim 3: 15,6: 20 ).

(G)The Church and salvation
Salvation is from the Lord, hence it is not related to the church? 1) The Church is the body of the Lord ( Eph 1:23, Jn 15: 1 ). The Lord said in ( John 15: 4-6 ) 2) The Church is the bride of the Lord ( Eph 5: 24-25, 32 ). In the future the Lord will marry this bride ( Rev 19: 7- 9).

(G)The Church and salvation
3) The Church is the house of God ( I Tim 3: 15 ) ( Eph 2: ) How can people not from the house of God receive the heavenly inheritance? 4) The Church is the kingdom of God ( Eph 2: ). How can non-citizens enjoy the privileges and rights of the heavenly kingdom ? The Lord said, “ ( Luke 10: 16 ).” Leaving the church is like leaving the Lord. 5) The church is the heavenly ladder that leads to heaven ( Gen 28:12-17, Jn 1:51 ).

(H)Are all churches alike?
There are many denominations in Christianity, are all these churches the same? The Lord had prophesized that the false prophets and false christs will arise to deceive many through His name ( Matt 24: 4-5, 11, ). A phenomena already existed in the apostolic era ( Gal 1: 6-9, II Cor11: 4, ).

(I)Pre-requisites of True Church
人数？Number of people? 人才？Talents? 财力？Financial power? 会堂？Church building? 历史？History? 名望？Fame & Reputation? 节目？Program & Activities? 热情？Passion & Zeal?

1) Must have the abidance of the Holy Spirit If anyone does not have the Holy Spirit, he is not of Christ. ( Rom 8 : 9 ) To testify that she comes from God ( Jn 1: 32,33 ). How can she be called as the temple of the Holy Spirit if she does not have the Holy Spirit ? ( I Cor 3: ). Only with abidance of the Holy Spirit that she can have the authority to forgive and retain sins? ( John 20: ). The bibles says, “ The body with the spirit is dead “ ( James 2: 26 ).

2) Must have the accompaniment of miracles and signs. The promise of the Lord and the evidence of God’s co-working ( Mark 16: ). To testify that whatever preached is true ( Acts 14: 3 ). Miracles are evidences of God’s sending ( ref: II Cor 12: 12 ).

3) The words preached must be in full accordance with the bible. With the teachings of Jesus, apostles and prophets as the foundation ( Eph 2: ). Shall never transgress the biblical teachings ( II John ). Shall not add or take away ( Rev 22: 18-19, Deut 12: 32 ). Shall not change ( Gal 1: 6-9 ) The Scriptures testify of Jesus ( John 5: 39)

(J)Oneness of True Church:
一个伊甸园 One Eden (Gen2:8) 一个方舟 One Ark (Gen6:14, 6:23) 一个天梯 One Heavenly Ladder (Gen28:12,17) 一个会幕 One Tabernacle (Exo40:34) 一个圣殿 One Holy Temple (1 Chr28:10-12,19) 一个身体 One Body (Jn2:19-21, Eph1:23,4:4) 一个羊圈 One Flock (Jn10:16) 一个葡萄树 One Vine (Jn15:1) 一个新妇 One Bride (Rev21:9-10, Song6:8-9) 一个国度 One Kingdom (Eph2:19-22)

Church history & denomination
(Roman Catholic) (RC) RC（羅馬天主教）天主教 ( Catholic) 重洗派(Anabaptist) 古代大公教會信义宗 (Lutheran) 加尔文 E.O. （東正教） (Calvin) (Eastern/Greek Orthodox) Reformed church

Reformation Lutheranism 路德派/ 信义宗 Calvinism (Reformed church) 改革宗
Radical Reformation (Anabaptism) 激进改教运动（重洗派） +- Catholic Reformation (Counter Reformation) 天主教改教运动（反改教运动）

Reformation Lutheranism Calvinism (Reformed church)
Radical Reformation (Anabaptism) +- Catholic Reformation (Counter Reformation) *Political/magisterial authority in church Magisterial/ Mainstream Reformation*

History of Reformation
1517 Oct 31 – Martin Luther posted “The 95 Theses” on the chapel in Wittenburg 1521- Diet of Worms declared Luther was preaching wrong doctrines. Luther fled to Wartburg. 1522 –Luther returned to Wittenburg to continue his reformation. Start of Lutheranism 1529 Feb – Diet of Speyer declared RC rejected Luther’s teachings 1529 Apr – Protest by 6 German princes in 14 cities about this decision. Formal start of “Protestant” 抗罗宗/更正教 Churches prior to this generally called Evangelicals 福音派 or Reformists 改革派

Greek Orthodox Church (Russia)

Roman Catholic Church

Name of True Jesus CHurch
1）Reveal the mystery of God and mystery of Salvation For man to receive salvation and be saved, man must know God: True refers to God (Jn 3.33; 17.3). Who is this True God? What is His name? He is Jesus (Jn 5.43; 17.6, 11, 12) (relation between True & Jesus) 真（神）True (God) 耶稣 Jesus

真（神）True (God) 耶稣 Jesus Name of True Jesus CHurch
No one has seen God. Jesus is the image of God. Jesus made known to us God (Col 1.15; Jn 1.18) (relation between True & Jesus) 真（神）True (God) 耶稣 Jesus

Name of True Jesus Church
What has God done for man’s salvation? (Salvation Plan of God) God incarnate in flesh and blood (Jn 1. 1, 2, 14);the man Jesus (Mt 1.21; Acts 4.12; Heb ; 2 Cor 5.21); To redeem man through His blood (Heb 9.22); To choose a people under His name, into Him, into His body (Acts 15.14; 20.28; Rev ) (relation between True, Jesus & Church)

True (God who is Spirit – Jn 4.24) Incarnate in flesh and blood Jesus (Savior of mankind – 1 Tim 2.5) To redeem man through His blood Church (chosen and redeemed – Acts 20.28)

3）Reveal the order of salvation (1 Cor 11:4） True God （Head of Christ） Jesus Christ （Head of everyone） Church Everyone(Jesus’ body)(Eph 1:23)

4）Reveal the attributes of God, Jesus, church “True” A. God is true (Isa 43:10, 44:6, Jn17:3, 1Jn 5:20) B. Jesus is true (Jn 1:9, 6:32, 14:6, 15:1) C. Church is true (Jn 8:31)

4）Reveal the attributes of God, Jesus, church “Jesus” Jesus = God’ name (Isa 9:6, Jn 17:11) Jesus =the name above all names that needs to be exalted ( Jn 1:9, 6:32, 14:6, 15:1) Church =place Jesus set His name (Deut 12:5,13-14) God will bless the place He set His name upon (Exo 20:24) God will save the church that belongs to Him (Eph 5:23, Mt 16:18, Rev 21:9)

4）Reveal the attributes of God, Jesus, church “Church” Church = a group of people bought by God’s precious blood (Acts 20:28) Church = a biblical term (Mt 16:18, 1 Cor 1:2)

洗礼 Baptism Origin of baptism. Efficacy of baptism.
Pre-requisites of baptism. Mode of baptism. Infant baptism.

Origin of Baptism Evidence of God’s covenant in man throughout generations (Gen 17: )  OT Act –Circumcision (Gen 17: 11 )  NT Act –Baptism ( Col 2: 11 )

Origin of baptism The Lord Jesus himself was
baptised, to set an example (Mt 3: ) The Lord Jesus commanded that the sacrament is to be performed ( Mt 28: 19 ) Apostolic churches kept and performed baptism ( Acts 2: 41 )

Efficacy of baptism 1) For the forgiveness of sin
( Acts 2: 38, 22: 16 ,Heb 10: 21, 1 Pet 3: 21) 2) To die, be buried and resurrect in the Lord ( Roms 6: 3- 5, Col 2:12) 3) To be reborn ( John 3: 5 , Tit 3: 5 )

洗礼的功效 4) To be sanctified and justified ( I Cor 6: 11 ) Into  Sanctified To be baptised into Christ, to put on Christ ( Gal 3: 27 ) Put on Justified Our sins be upon Christ, so that we are sanctified in our status ( Isa 53: 6) The “ righteousness” of Jesus was upon us like a garment so that we are deemed righteous in the eyes of God ( II Cor 5: 21 ) 5) To become the children of God ( Matt 3:17 ) ( Gal 3:26-27, 4: 5 )

Pre-requisites of baptism.
Should repent ( Acts 2: 38 ) Should believe that the precious blood will bring about the efficacy during baptism ( Eph 1: 7 ) Should believe in the basic beliefs of our church Should believe that our church is the true church that was established by the later rain – Holy Spirit at the last day.

Mode of baptism In living water Fountain of living water ( Zech 13: 1)
There were many pools in Jerusalem, why didn’t Jesus & apostles baptize in them? Symbolic Meaning ~Abundance, life

Baptism At Jordan

Mode of baptism 2. In the name of Jesus (ie Father, son, Holy Spirit)
Practice of early churches ( Acts 2: 38, 8:16, 10:48, 19: 5,3: 6 ) Whatever you do, do all in the name of Lord Jesus ( Col 3: 17 ) ( John 14:14 ) I 15:16 ) ( Matt 18: 20 ) Remission of sins through His name ( Acts 10: 43 ) ( 4: 12 ) The name of Jesus is above every name ( Phil 2: )

Face Up or Down ???

Mode of baptism Face Downward
To be united “ in the likeness of the Lord’s death” ( Roms 6: 5 ) What was “ the likeness of the Lord’s death”? The likeness of his burial ? His lying in state? ( John 19:30 ) John testified - “ bowing his head”. The attitude that sinners should have when asking for forgiveness ( Ps 38: 4) ( 40: 12 ) Sinners cannot look up ( Ezra 9: 6) ( Luke 18:13 ) ( Job 10: 15 ) Symbolic Meaning ~ Humility, Belonging, Submissiveness

Sprinkling Vs Immersion ???

Mode of baptism Full immersion
The origin word of baptism means full immersion. βαπτίζω in Greek = “to immerse,” “to sink,” Baptizo Jesus came up out of the water after baptism ( Matt 3: 16 ) John was baptizing at Aenon, because there was plenty of water ( Jn 3: 23 ) Philip baptised the Eunuch, “ They came to some water” ( Acts 8: 36, 39 ) Baptizm is our burial with the Lord (Col2: 12, Rom 6: 4)

Mode of baptism Symbolic Meaning (of full immersion)
Transgressions covered （Ps 32：1）～ Not hidden，but forgiven/annulled （Mic 7：18-19）～ Redeem/ Atone in OT = Covering Buried with the Lord (Col2: 12 ,Rom 6: 4) ～ Enter into death via burial ～ Destroy the body of sin

Mode of baptism Old Testamental prefigurations:
 Noah’s ark – was surrounded by water ( 1 Pet 3: 21)  Crossing of the Red Sea - was surrounded by water( I Cor 10: 1)

Mode of baptism Old Testamental prophecies:
-Cast all our sins into the depths of the sea ( Micah 7: 19) -The depths of the sea made a road for the redeemed to cross over ( Isa 51:10)

Infant Baptism 1. Have original sin ( Ps 51 : 5)
2. No one has authority over life （Eccl 8：8） 3. God’s promise ( Acts 2: 38 –39 ), the children have a part. 4. Circumcision -OT (Gen 17:11 ) ( Col 2: ) Baptism - NT Circumcision – 8 day old infant ( Lev 12: 2- 3), why stop infant baptism?

Infant Baptism 4. Prefiguration of “ Crossing Red Sea”:
OT – crossing Red Sea typifies NT baptism ( 1 Cor 10: 1-2 ) When crossing Red Sea, infants were included ( Exo 10: 9-10, 24 ) ( 12: 31 ), prefiguring infant can be baptised The practice of Apostolic churches, all used“Family” as a unit ( Acts 16: ) ( 18: 8). Infants are part of members of the family.

The qualifications of baptizer
1) He must be one whose sins have been purged ( cf. Num 19:18). He must be one who has been baptized in the correct mode, then is her considered as a pure ( Acts 2:38 ). He himself is clean and is thus qualified to baptize others. The priests in the Old Testament washed themselves before they performed the holy work ( Exo 29:4). Before His ministry, the Lord Jesus was also baptized – He himself was sinless and committed no sins, but his baptism was to set an example for us ( Mt 3: 13-16).

The qualifications of baptizer
2) He must be commissioned / sent by God. “ And how shall they preach, except they be sent?” ( Rom 10:15 ). Anyone who is ordained and sent by human agency is not qualified to participate in the divine work. The Father sent Jesus by the Holy Spirit ( Lk 4: ; Jn 1: 32-34), and similarly by the Holy Spirit Jesus has sent His disciples ( Jn 20: 21-22). The efficacy of the baptism in the remission of sins depends on the precious blood of Jesus Christ, faith of man, the name of Jesus and the power of the Holy Spirit ( Rom 3:25; I Cor 6:11).

Historical changes of Baptism
洗礼公式 - 在圣父，圣子和圣灵的名洗礼。十二使徒遗训（12使徒的教训- 公元年）。第7章。 Baptismal Formula - Baptism in the name of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit. Didache (Teaching of the 12 Apostles – AD ). Chapter 7.

十二使徒遗训 Didache 1. 現在談到洗禮，施洗應該按照下法：在你已複習過上述所有教導之後，就奉父、子、聖靈的名在流動的水下給他們施洗。 1. Concerning baptism, baptise thus: Having first rehearsed all these things, "baptise, in the Name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Ghost," in running water; 2. 但你若是沒有流動的水，那就在其他的水下施洗。而且，你若無法以冷水施洗，那麼就用溫水 2. But if thou hast no running water, baptise in other water, and if thou canst not in cold, then in warm.

十二使徒遗训 Didache 3. 但你如果連這兩種都沒有的話，就把水傾倒在頭上三次，歸於父、子、聖靈的名。
3. But if thou hast neither, pour water three times on the head "in the Name of the Father, Son and Holy Ghost." 4. 在洗禮之前，施洗之人與領洗之人都得要禁食，其他任何參與之人亦同。並且，你必須命令這位領洗之人在一天或兩天前，就要開始禁食。 4. And before the baptism let the baptiser and him who is to be baptised fast, and any others who are able. And thou shalt bid him who is to be baptised to fast one or two days before.

Historical changes of Baptism
洗礼堂（Baptistery/ illuminatoria） A special place/room used for bapstism： 1。Separated from chapel 2。Moved to the corridor of chapel (AD 6th century） 3。Moved into the chapel Mode 模式 Immersion -浸水 Affusion (6th) - 倒水 / 注水 Aspersion - 洒水 /点水

点/洒水礼的由来在公元250，洒水于挪瓦田 - 在罗马主教哥尼流写给安提阿的主教法比尤斯的信中提到（尤西比乌斯记录 - 教会历史 - 凯撒利亚主教） Origin of Clinic Baptism (sprinkling) Sprinkling on Novatian in AD 250 – In letter - Roman bishop Cornelius to Bishop Fabius at Antioch (recorded in Eusebius – Church History - Bishop of Caesarea).

Roman Catholic Lutheran Reformed Baptist
Means of saving grace Imparting saving grace on the one exercising true faith Sign and seal of the covenant Token of salvation Baptism effects the washing of regeneration. Occurs with baptism by the working of the element itself (ex opere operato). Faith does not have to be present. The work is solely God’s work in the person. Eradicates both original and venial sins. Infuses sanctifying grace. In order for baptism to be effectual, saving faith must be exercised prior to the baptism. The sacrament is outward sign and seal of an inward reality. “Baptism is the act of faith by which we are brought into the covenant and hence experience its benefits.” Baptism is the initiation into the covenant (rite) and sign of salvation. It is simply a testimony – the first profession of faith that the believer makes. The rite shows the community that the individual is now identified with Christ. It is a symbol of an inward reality and is not a sacrament. There is no objective effect upon the person. Infants and adults Adults and children Believing adults and believing children Sprinkling Sprinkling or immersion Sprinkling or pouring Immersion

Footwashing Generally, most churches regard foot-washing as a Jewish custom, but not a “ sacrament”. The Lord Jesus’s washing of His disciples’ foot was to teach them to serve one another with humility. Our church ( True Jesus Church ) not only regards footwashing as a “ teaching” but also a “ sacrament”. When the Lord Jesus washed the feet of His disciples, what he spoke and did had gone beyond the boundaries and limitations of the Jewish custom. Therefore, ( John 13: 1- 17) are not only words of “ teaching”, but also encompass important spiritual essence of a sacrament that saves .

Jewish Customary Footwashing
1. Slaves Master （Gen 18:4, 19:2) 2. Student Master/teacher (Jn 13:14) 3. Daughter Father 4. Wife Husband （1 Sam 25:41-42)

Efficacy of Footwashing
( Jn 13： 8 ) To have a part with Jesus

(A)Importance On Salvation
1) ( John 13 : 8) Have no part with the Lord. The ‘ part’ here ( original text meros ) shared the same word with the ‘ part’ in ( Rev 22: 9 ), indicating that it has to do with salvation. The Chinese translation version translated “ no part with the Lord” as “ no relationship”.

2) ( John 13:9 ) Peter’s reaction was great, testifying to the uniqueness of “ foot-washing” at the time. If foot-washing is but a teaching of serving others with humility and not a “ sacrament”, would Peter be so anxious? Will the rejection of Jewish customary footwashing cause such serious consequence – “to have no part with the Lord”? From the conversation between Jesus and Peter, we know that it was not ordinary footwashing ( John 13: 6-7 )

3) ( John 13: 17 ) …. Blessed are those who do this.
What does “ blessed” mean? ( Luke 11:28 ) blessed are those who keep this. Ref ( James 1: 25 ) ( I John 2: 6 ) He who says he abides in the Lord ought himself also to walk just as the Lord walked.

(A)Importance On Salvation
4) ( Jn 13: 15 ) The Lord Jesus ‘s instruction. ( Jn 12: ) His command is everlasting life. Prove that this instruction was not a customary one. ( Jn 14: 21 , 24 ) 5) ( Jn 13 : 2 ) According to custom, foot-washing was conducted before one enters the house, but now they were already in the house.

(B) Important teachings:
To show the complete and thorough love of the Lord. ( John 13: 1, 34 –35) To show the Lord’s requirement of us to pursue after holiness.( Jn 13: ) ( Prov 4: ) To show the Lord’s humility and service ( John 13: 12 –14 ) To show the great forgiveness of the Lord ( John 13: 12 ) ( Col 3: ).

Teachings : To show the complete and thorough love of the Lord. ( John 13: 1, 34 –35)

Teachings : 2) To show the Lord’s requirement of us to pursue after holiness.( Jn 13: ) ( Prov 4: )

TEachings : To show the Lord’s humility and service
( Jn 13: 12 –14, Mt 20：25-28 ) + Total acceptance

Teachings : 4) To show the great forgiveness of the Lord
( John 13: 12, Col 3: , Mt 18：21-35）

Teachings - After washing, to truly become：
1. Feet that belongs ( Ps 122: 1-2 ) 2. Strong feet ( Acts 3:8, Prov 26:7, Heb 12:13 ) 3. Victorious feet ( Rom 16 :20, Josh 10:23-25 ) 4. Beautiful feet ( Rom 10:15, Eph 6:15 ) BEware！Serpent will hurt the heel of the descendants of the woman (Our heel)！（Gen 2：15）

Historical Changes of Footwashing
Foot-washing is performed once as a sacrament after baptism: ～ Origen (c AD), declared foot-washing as merely “Symbolic.” ～ AD 306, in Spain Elvira Council or“Das Konzil Von Iberis” resolution (Kanon Act 48) prohibited bishops and priests to perform foot-washing for the newly baptized. ～Bishop Ambrosius of Milan，(AD ) continued to perform this one-time footwashing for newly baptized, insisting it as a sacrament that originated from Jerusalem churches to Antioch, then to Milan churches ～Till 14th century，most churches no longer practiced this sacrament

Foot-washing performed as a symbol of serving each other on Maundy Thursday annually: ～Maundy Thursday (before Good Friday) footwashing ～originated from the Ascetic monks ～bishop of the diocese (territory of which a bishop has charge for ecclesiastical purposes) needs to wash the feet of 12 poor people ～After 1955，practiced in Roman Catholic

3. Foot-washing performed prior to the Eucharist: ～According to(Jn13:13)example of Jesus, footwashing before Holy Communion ～Originated from Waldenses (Peter Waldo’s followers in the Medieval Age ～ conducted by elder of the abbey / monastery ～ later turned into mutual footwashing by other denominations ～Eg: Dunkers (German Baptists), General Baptists, Church of God, Brethren-in-Christ- Church, United Missionary Church, Seven Days Adventists

Holy Communion Institution ( origin) Significance & Efficacy
Conducting

(A) The institution/origin of the Holy Communion
The Lord Jesus instituted the Holy Communion on the night of His betrayal. He performed the sacrament before His apostles in one of the upper room in Jerusalem ( Matt 26:26-29 ). The Lord Jesus commanded His disciples to do as what he had done ( Luke 22:19 ). The Lord Jesus revealed this matter to Paul after His ascension into heaven ( I Cor 11: )

(B) The significance and efficacy
Remember Jesus’ death (1 Cor 11:24-26) Partake His flesh & blood (life) ( 1 Cor 10:16, Jn 6:55-56,63, 15:4-6) Be one body with the Lord (Spiritual communion with God & brethren ) Resurrection in last day & receive eternal life (Jn 6:54, 53,58)

To be united as one body in the Lord (with the Lord and other believers in the spirit )
~ The Holy Communion not only enables us as an individual to have the life of the Lord as we partake His body and blood, it also strengthens unity in the church as a whole ( I Cor 10:17 ). Therefore, we partake of the same bread to become one body in the Lord ( Gal 3: 28 ). If there is any misunderstanding or grudges among the believers, they should forgive one another during this very time, before they partake of the body and blood of the Lord. ~ “ Partake” ( I Cor 10:16 ) means to have fellowship, communication, communion and participation. Partaking of the Holy Communion is to join in the communion of Christ. It also becomes our communion with God and with fellow believers.

GRINDING FLOUR 磨面粉

Concepts of other churches concerning the Holy Communion.
1) Transubstantiation after giving thanks, the bread and wine in the material form will immediately be transformed into the physical body and blood of the Lord Jesus. 2) Consubstantiation after giving thanks, the physical body and blood of the Lord Jesus will be present together with the bread and wine. Also call “ co-existence”. 3) Symbolism the partaking of the bread and wine is but a symbolize act to partake the body and blood of the Lord Jesus. Only cannibals will consume the actual physical body and blood of Jesus.

The four concepts of the Holy Communion
Transubstantiation (Eastern Orthodox Church and Roman Catholic Church) After the giving of thanks, the bread and grape wine transform materially into the physical body and blood of the Lord Jesus (this belief was established in the Council of Lateran in 1215 AD. ) In 1551 AD, at the Council of Trent, it was declared that after the blessing, the bread and wine instantly change into the real body and blood of Christ. Furthermore, both the body and bread, and both the blood and the wine exist mutually. The whole body of Christ truly exists in the bread and wine. Therefore, the Roman Catholics worship the Holy Eucharist [the Host – the bread] as they would worship the Lord God).

Consubstantiation (Luther, Evangelical Lutheran and Anglican Church) The physical body and blood truly exist in the bread and grape wine through the omnipotence and omnipresence of the Lord; all communicants therefore truly receive the body and blood. However, it does not mean that the elements of the bread and wine changes physically but that the body and blood co-exist in the elements of the bread and wine as though they are one. The real presence of the Lord’s body and blood in the bread and wine during the Holy Communion.

Symbolism (Zwingli and the majority of the Reformed Churches) The bread and cup only symbolize the flesh and blood of Jesus. “This is…” is referring to “This symbolizes…” or “This represents…”. The bread before and after giving of thanks remains the same materially. Calvinism (Calvin and The Baptist Church) It is a cross between Luther ‘s and Zwingli’s. Spiritual presence of Christ. Those who received the Holy communion comes in contact with the Spirit of Christ .

TJC concept of the Holy Communion
Spiritualization i.e. spiritual transformation. ~According to the promise of the Lord, by the working of the Holy Spirit, after giving thanks, the bread and grape juice do not change in material, but have been transformed in the spirit ( spiritualized ) into the body and blood of the Lord ( John 6:56, 63 ) - This concept is totally different from the concept of transubstantiation.

TJC concept of the Holy Communion
When the Lord Jesus instituted the Holy Communion, he did not say: “ My body and blood will be present together with this bread and cup”. “ This symbolises my……….” The Lord Jesus said, “ This is ……. ( Matt 26:26, 28 ). “ This is….”! The Holy Communion indeed is a mystery. The ancient church called it as “ sacrament”, derived from the word “ sacramentum” which means the spiritual covenant between God and man or a mysterious event.

The conducting of the Holy Communion
Frequency: no fixed frequency, we may hold it often until the Lord comes again ( I Cor 11: 26 ) Material used: Bread: Unleavened bread is used, because “ leaven” signifies sin in the bible ( I Cor 5: 6-8 ). Unleavened bread signifies the holy body of the Lord. The Lord Jesus also used unleavened bread to institute the Holy Communion ( Luke 22: )

There is only one bread, because there is only one body of Jesus. One bread also signifies the relationship of the church as one body in Christ ( I Cor 10: 17) After giving thanks, it is not cut with a knife, but broken into pieces by hands. Each believer is to partake a small piece of the original bread ( Matt 26:26 ) ( I Cor 11: 24 )

Cup: grape juice is used ( Matt 26: 29 ), not wine, because wine is fermented. After giving thanks in a vessel, it is poured into many small cups. Each believer is to partake a cup ( Luke 22: 17, 20 )

Performance of the Holy Communion
~ The Holy Communion is conducted in the name of the Lord Jesus ( Matt 18: 20 ) ~ Proclaim and remember the Lord’s death, ( Luke 22: ) to inspire in us a heart of thanksgiving. ~ Bless the bread and later the cup by prayers with words of understanding ( I Cor 11: , 14: ) ~ Partake in a worthy manner ( I Cor 11: 27 ) ~ Examine ourselves (1 Cor 11:28 ): Sin？ Faith？

Holy Sabbath Origin of Sabbath Purpose of Sabbath
Origin of “Sunday” replacing Sabbath About Sunday, 1st day of the week, Easter Can Christians Not Keep the Sabbath Day? The examples of the keeping of the Sabbath day by the Apostles Blessings of Sabbath

Sabbath Terminologies
Babylon：Shabattum/ shapattum Day of rest of the heart, day when the heart of (the gods ) are propitiated Hebrew：Shabath 7th day of the week verb Shebeth =sit down，extended to mean stop work & rest Egypt： Sabattu/ sabattum Armenia：Sabath Greece： Sabbato Spain： Sabado

1) The origin of Sabbath day
1) God personally established this day before the creation of the world ( Gen 2:1- 3 ) The seventh day of the first seven days was a day blessed and consecrated by God. 2) God instructed the Israelites to keep the Sabbath day in the wilderness. On the sixth day, they could collect twice the amount of Manna ( Ex 16: 5 ) On the seventh day, God would stop sending Manna because it was the Sabbath day ( Ex 16: )

3) God put the Sabbath day into His commandments on Mount Sinai ( Ex 20: 8, 17 ) God personally wrote on the tablets of stone with His fingers ( Ex 31: 18 ), so that it shall never be abolished.

4) The Lord Jesus and His apostles commanded the believers to keep the commandments in the New Testament ( Matt 19: ) The victors of the end time are those who keep God’s commandments and the teachings of Jesus ( Rev 14: 12 )

5) Jesus said: “The Sabbath was made for man” ( Mark 2: 27 ). Hence “ man” in all eras and of all races should keep the Sabbath day. Since it was made for “ man”, there must be a purpose of God.

2) Purpose of Sabbath 1) To enable man to remember God as the creator ( Ex 20: 11 ) To keep the Sabbath day was to remember God’s completion of His creation, at the same time to prove our faith towards Him, and to admit that everything on earth were created by Him.

2) Purpose of Sabbath 2) To enable man to remember His redemption ( Deut 5:15). 3) To become an evidence between men and God and to remind us to lead a holy life ( Ezek 20:12).

2) Purpose of Sabbath 4) To enable man to enjoy physical and spiritual rest. This world has no place of rest ( Psalm 90: 10; Ex 23: 12 ). Only Jesus can bring us spiritual rest ( Matt 11: 28 –29 )

2) Purpose of Sabbath 5) We look forward to entering the heavenly kingdom to enjoy eternal rest when our Saviour comes again ( Heb 4: ) 6) To enable man to enjoy the gracious kindness of God ( Ex 22: 10; 23: 12) The master as well as servant can both enjoy the grace of the Sabbath day. Even the animals can receive rest.

Origin of “Sunday” replacing Sabbath
1) The Sabbath day was the seventh day ( Gen 2: 1- 3) i.e. our present Saturday and not the first day of the week i.e. Sunday ( Luke 23: 56 ~ 24: 2 ). We can make reference with regard to the Sabbath day of the Jews. All the English dictionaries also have a clear explanation towards Sabbath Day, that is the seventh day of a week ( Saturday). The circular churches admitted that Christ was resurrected on Sunday morning. The Bible told us that Sunday is the first day of the week, the day before that is called Sabbath Day ( Matt 28: 1-2)

每周制星期制2 Sabbath cycle (Greek) English Planet1 礼拜制3 每周第一天星期日 The Lord’s day/ Sabbath One Sunday 日 Sun 礼拜日每周第二天星期一 Sabbath Two Monday 月Moon 礼拜一每周第三天星期二 Sabbath Three Tuesday 火 Mars 礼拜二每周第四天星期三 Sabbath Four Wednesday 水 Mercury 礼拜三每周第五天星期四 Sabbath Five Thursday 木 Jupiter 礼拜四每周第六天星期五 Preparationday Friday 金 Venus 礼拜五每周第七天星期六 Sabbath Saturday 土 Saturn 礼拜六 1.Used in Rome in 1st century 2.Qing dynasty used Roman system, with 7 planets as 1 cycle

2) In 16/11/1893, The Fxaminer newspaper reported the speech made by PhD holder Dr.E.T. Hiscock D.D. in New York that said, “ The Sabbath day is not Sunday, no record can be found in the New Testament after years of research that the Sabbath day was changed to Sunday.”

3) In page 418 of a book entitled “ Christian’s History”, N. Summerbell, a famous American pastor claimed, “ He” had reversed the fourth commandment, canceling the Sabbath day in the bible and setting Sunday as the holy day. “ He” refers to the Laodicea Council in AD 364.

4) In his book entitled “ Answers to Believer’s Doctrines” in 1910, a pastor pointed out that during the Laodicea Council in AD 364, the Roman Catholic changed the Sabbath day from Saturday to Sunday. 5) ( Matt 15: 9 ) ( Rev 22: )

Mithraism (Persia) spread to Rome in BC67 Anti –Judaism Sentiment In Early Churches Alternatives to replace the Sabbath Influx & Influence of Pagan Converts/Christians Roman opposition & persecution of Jews Constantine ‘s Decree on Sunday Rest

Mithraism (Persia) spread to Rome in BC67 Its prevalence in Greek, Roman, Egyptian, European Caesar worship, Empire cult Anti –Judaism Sentiment In Early Churches Difference in culture, language and thinking Jewish involvement in Christ’s crucifixion Alternatives to replace the Sabbath Sunday Worship Jesus = The Sun of man Influx & Influence of Pagan Converts/Christians Persistence of old practices and customs Roman opposition & persecution of Jews Capture of Jews during Sabbath worship in synagogue Constantine ‘s Decree on Sunday Rest

Sunday, the first day of the week, the day of resurrection
1. The Lord Jesus resurrected on the first day of the week and therefore we need to keep this day as the Sabbath day. Correction: The bible never mentioned that the day of Christ’s resurrection should be kept as the Sabbath day.

2) There were five recordings in the bible concerning “ the first day of the week” ( Matt 28: 1) ( Mark 16: 2, 9 ) ( Luke 24: 1 ) ( John 20 : 1 ) Correction: This was to prove the accuracy of the prophecy that Christ will resurrect on the third day of His death. The disciples did not seem to gather for service on this day in remembrance of the Lord’s resurrection. “ 1st day of the week” in Greek is mia ton sabbaton， 1st day after Sabbath ，pointing that members still kept to the cycle centred upon Sabbath

3) Based on ( Acts 20 : 7 ) as reason for keeping Sunday or resurrection day.
Correction: At that time, the breaking of bread was not limited to certain days. In fact, this was done everyday ( Acts 2: ). The service was held in the evening until midnight ( Acts 20: 11 ). According to the Jewish calculation, the time after the setting of the sun was considered as Monday and not Sunday. The service was a service of departure to bid farewell to Paul.

4) Based on ( I Cor 16: 2 ) Correction: It had nothing to do with service held to remember the day of resurrection.

4) Based on ( I Cor 16: 2 ) Correction: It had nothing to do with service held to remember the day of resurrection. Offering=Financial aids，≠Tithes/Usual offering（2Cor 9：1-4）, which was accompanied by someone (3-4), hence not a usual service Kept by one’s side, not taken to church “Every 1st day of the week”implies System/Week with Sabbath as centre

5) Based on ( Rev 1: 10 ), “ The Lord’s day” as the day of the Lord’s resurrection ( the first day of the week ).

5) Based on ( Rev 1: 10 ), “ The Lord’s day” as the day of the Lord’s resurrection ( the first day of the week ). Correction: ( Rev 1:10 ) in the original text said, “ in the spirit, I found myself in the Lord’s day”. The so- called “ the Lord’s day” was not the first day of the week but rather “ the day of the Lord” foreseen by John together with many things to be fulfilled as the vision entered the spiritual realm ( Rev 1: 1 ). Ref ( Malachi 4: 5 ) ( Joel 2: 11, 31 ) The late Apostolic Fathers also used “kyriake hemera” here to point to the day of the Lord’s coming，but using “kyriake” to point to Sunday

6. Based on ( John 20: 19 ) Correction: (i) The Lord appeared to His disciples at that night to let them know that He had already resurrected. This had no special significance. In ( John 20 :26 ) “ after 8 days” we can see that the appearing of the Lord was not necessarily on the first day of the week.

7) Abolishing the Sabbath day and changing to keep Sunday is already an error. What more about neglecting the keeping of Sabbath while proposing to remember the “ day of resurrection” ( the first day of the week)?

Can Christians Not Keep the Sabbath Day?
Based on ( Rom 14: 5-6 ) as long as we keep the day for the Lord, it does not matter whether it is the Sabbath day or resurrection day. Is this correct?

Correction: i) The statement of “ one person esteems one day above another, another esteems every day alike” was not an argument concerning the observance of the Sabbath day because the book of Romans was written in AD 57 –58 and the Sabbath day was not the matter of contention at that time. “ this day” or “ that day” was referring to the days of festivals in the Old Testament which caused a dilemma among the Jews. In ( Deut chapter 16 ), it referred to festival days set to be kept under the law, but are no longer necessary to be observed now. Nevertheless, it doesn’t matter if you want to keep these festivals, because every day is alike. This was the original meaning of Romans 14: 5-6 ). “ this day” or “ that day” can also be referring to the fasting on the day of Atonement ( Lev 16:29-31, 23: ) and also the fasting on the day of Purim ( Esther 9: 31 ).

Based on ( Luke 6: 6-11 ) ( Luke 14: 1-6 ) and ( John 9: ), the Lord Jesus healed the sick on Sabbath day, something that was forbidden by the Jews at that time. Therefore, the Lord abolished the Sabbath day.

The gist of the matter was not on the observance of the Sabbath day but rather the Jewish concept that all works were forbidden on the Sabbath. ( Ex 20: 10 ) . Jesus answered in ( John 7: ) and ( Luke 13: ) to rectify their ways of observing the Sabbath. Are good deeds prohibited on the Sabbath day? In ( Mark 2: 27 – former portion ) says that “ The Sabbath was made for man”, indicating that the believers in the era of New Testament still need to keep the Sabbath day. In ( Mark 2: 27 – latter portion ) says that “ and not man for the Sabbath” indicating that though the New Testament believers need to keep the Sabbath, they are not restricted by the regulations as required by the law. In ( Mark 2: 28 ) “ Therefore the Son of Man is also Lord of the Sabbath”, indicating that since the Lord Jesus had the authority to set the Sabbath day, he also had the authority to set or change the ways of observing the Sabbath day. The Lord Jesus Himself esteemed the Sabbath day ( Luke 4: 16 ).

The examples of the keeping of the Sabbath day by the Apostles
Paul and Barnabas in Antioch ( Acts 13: 14 –44 ) Paul and Silas in Philippi ( Acts 16: 13 ) Paul and Silas in Thessalonica ( Acts 17: 1- 2) Paul in Corinth ( Acts 18: 4 )

We must keep the Sabbath Day in order to receive blessing from God
( Isa 58: 13-14). To enjoy physical and spiritual rest ( Deut 5:14). To enjoy the everlasting rest in future ( Heb 4: 9-10).

Origin of the use of the term “Lord’s Day”
A.D. 194, the first instance in which Sunday is called the Lord’s day. Clement, of Alexandria, A.D. 194 uses this title with reference to “the eighth day.” Not referring to a literal, but a mystical day. It is not Sunday, but the Christian’s life, or heaven itself! Tertullian, A.D. 200 The day of Christ’s resurrection, the “eighth day.” , same rank with the Catholic festival of Pentecost. Associates it directly with “offerings for the dead” and with the use of “the sign of the cross.” Origen, A.D. 231 the disciple of Clement (1) For a natural day, which in his judgment, stood in the same rank with the Preparation day, the Passover, and the Pentecost; (2) For a mystical day, as did Clement, which is the entire period of the Christian’s life.

Historical Changes of the Sabbath
Pope Sylvester I ( A.D.) Decrees the Transfer of Sabbath Rest to Sunday

君士坦丁大帝 Emperor Constantine

Edict of Emperor Constantine in A.D. 321, and is thus expressed: — “Let all the judges and town people, and the occupation of all trades rest on the venerable day of the sun; but let those who are situated in the country, freely and at full liberty attend to the business of agriculture; because it often happens that no other day is so fit for sowing corn and planting vines; lest, the critical moment being let slip, men should lose the commodities granted by Heaven.

老底嘉会议 Laodicea Council

Synod of Laodicea (AD 364) Canon 29. Christians must not judaize by resting on the Sabbath, but must work on that day, rather honouring the Lord's Day; and, if they can, resting then as Christians. But if any shall be found to be judaizers, let them be anathema from Christ.

聖靈 Holy Spirit

Who is HS? Holy Spirit is the spirit of God ( I John 4:13, 3:24 ) ( John 4:24) Holy Spirit is the spirit of Jesus ( Acts 16:6-7) ( Gal 4:6) ( II Cor 3: 17 )

Titles of the Holy Spirit
1) The spirit of truth ( John 14:17) ( John 15:26 ) enables man to understand the truth and to find the way of salvation from the bible. 2) The spirit of wisdom and revelation ( Eph 1:17) gives wisdom and revelations to man in understanding the hidden and forthcoming things

3) Counselor ( Greek original text – “ paracletos”) “ Para” means by the side “ cletos” means being called. On the whole, counsellor means He who is called to help us by our side.

Counselor can: -Comfort (Jn 14:16-18; 16:6-7) -Teach (2 Jn 2:27, Jn 14:26) -Help (Jn 14:26－27) -Add strength (Lk 24:29) -Defend, intercede (Jn 15:26 ,Rom 8:27 )

Others: To indicate that the Holy Spirit is the spirit of the true God ~ the spirit of God ( Matt 3:16) ~ the spirit of the Father ( Matt10:20 ) To indicate that the Holy Spirit is the spirit of Jesus. ~ the spirit of Christ ( Rom 8: 9 ) ~the spirit of Jesus ( Acts 16:7 ) To indicate the honour of the Holy Spirit ~ the everlasting spirit ( Heb 9:14) ~ the spirit of glory ( I Peter 4: 14)

Titles of the HS ~ the willing spirit ( Psalm 51:12)
To indicate the functions of the HS ~ the willing spirit ( Psalm 51:12) ~ the burning spirit ( Isaiah 4:3-4) ~the spirit of grace ( Heb 10: 29 ) To indicate the nature of the Holy Spirit ~the spirit of judgement ( Isaiah 4:3-4) ~the spirit of holiness ( Rom 1:4 ) ~ the good spirit ( Nehemiah 9:20 )

Holy Spirit & Salvation
The evidence of our entry into heaven ( Eph 1:13-14 / John 3:5) The Holy Spirit testifies that we belong to Christ and we are God’s children ( Rom 8:9; 8:15-16) ( Gal4:6-7) Rely upon the help of the Holy Spirit to be holy and bear good fruits ( Gal 5:16-17 ) ( II Thess 2:13) Power to resurrection in the last day (Rom 8:11, Phil 3:21)

Common wrong beliefs At one’s belief or baptism into Jesus, one will definitely receive the Holy Spirit. Answer: not necessarily.( Acts 8: 5-17) Good virtues and charitable deeds are evidence of change after one’s receiving of the Holy Spirit Answer: Not necessarily ( Acts 10:1-2, 44-46)

Evidence of receiving HS
1.To speak in other languages or speaking in tongue or utterance of rolling tongue ( Acts 2:4) ( 10:44-46) (19:6) Bodily vibrations ( Acts 2:13,15 ) ( 4:31) (8:17- 19) Can be seen and heard ( Acts 2:33 )

Speak in Tongue (Pray) Man communicates with God in spirit ( 1 Cor 14：2） No man can understand（1 Cor 14：2） Not fruitful in man’s understanding（1 Cor 14：14） Speak spiritual mysteries （Rom 8：26） Edify oneself（1 Cor 14：4）

Prophesize (Speak Sermon)
对人说（1 Cor 14：3） Man understands（1 Cor 14：3） Fruitful in man’s understanding （1 Cor 14： 14）在述说启示,知识,预言,教训（1Cor 14：6）造就教会（1 Cor 14：4）两或三个人讲（1 Cor 14：29）听者当明辨,判断（1 Cor 14：29）

Speak In Tongue (Preach)
对人说（林前14：3，5）人不听懂（林前14：5，27）两或三个人讲（林前14：27）轮流说（林前14：27）要翻译出来（林前14：5，13，27） Then only fruitful in man’s understanding （林前14：14）造就教会（林前14：5）作不信之人的证据（林前14：22）

Speaking In Tongue Vs The Gift Of the Holy Spirit
“Dorea” refers to gift = Holy Spirit himself (Jn 4:10, Acts 10:44-47, Heb 6:4) ~Outcome=prayer in tongue, edify oneself, evidence of receiving HS, common gift ~ Object = God, not man (1 Cor 14:2) ~Given for salvation (Jn 3:5, Tit 3:5) ~Everyone must pray for HS (Lk 11:13) “Charisma”gifts that HS freely gives to everyone according to His own will( 1Cor 12:4) ~Outcome=Preach/prophesize in tongue, edify church, special gift ~ Object = man, hence needs to be interpreted (1 Cor 12:10,30; 14:5) ~Given for building up church & divine work, not everyone will receive ( 1 Cor 12:4-10)(Rom 12:6-8). ~Nothing to do with salvation

Speak in Tongue (Pray) Speak in tongue when receiving HS is not out of our own Not boldly utter in faith. Not learned

IS YOUR CHURCH CHARISMATIC ?
APOLOGETICS IS YOUR CHURCH CHARISMATIC ?

Hints of Cessation of the HS
~ (Jer 2:2-3) Rain stopped ~ (Isa 5:4-6) No rain from cloud ~ (Mt 13:31-33) Mustard seed & leaven ~(Jn 16:13) Truth & HS

圣经的历史观神国建立历史鉴戒在基督里神起初=时间天圣灵离开升天应许圣灵空间千年王国 AD 156 AD 600
1517 1917 地亚当第二亚当使徒教会上古时代启11:15 中古时代宗教改革真耶稣教会近代历史鉴戒

基督教历史观大公教会 Catholic Church AD 100 AD 156 孟他奴主义罗马天主教使徒后期教父希腊东正教
使徒教会五旬节 AD 100 中古时代 AD 600 AD 156 孟他奴主义

Historical Changes of HS
Prelude to Charismatic Movement Montanism（AD ） John Wesley’s Sanctification theory

Montanism（AD ） 2nd century in Asia Minor Founder = Montanus of Ardabau, previously priest from Cybele Cult, who later converted to Christianity In AD 156, he declared to be greatly moved by HS to become the vessel of HS, to reveal God’s mystery. Started to rebuke the members of Catholic church, who were morally corrupt & deviated in truth, & the church organization.

By then, the church had: Lost hoe on Jesus’ 2nd coming Lost baptism of HS, only having revelation of HS Lost the apostolic formula of baptism in Jesus’ name, replaced with in the name of Father, Son, Holy Spirit Lost godliness, secularized, church ministers corrupted & immoral

Some factors giving rise to Montanism: Internally: Some still hoped for the descend of HS in Jn 15:26 Some hoped to have the truth as preached by the OT prophets Some still hoped for Jesus’ coming (b) Externally: -Secularization of the church made some wanted to defend the faith ( stem the tide)

Montanism Made 2 female believers who abandoned their family, Priscilla &Maximilla, as his assistants & prophetesses Stressed the Counselor had come, he himself is its embodiment, the reign of the HS had started “After me, there shall be no more revelation, end time is coming” New Jerusalem will descend from heaven tp his hometown, Pepuza of Phrygia. Encouraged members to move there to wait for Jesus’ coming

Montanism Was deemed heresy & banned by Catholic church, but it grew faster instead Later, preached to Europe & North Africa AD 170, already reached Rome, the headquarter of Catholic

Montanism: Its Fall When Montanus & workers died
When prophecy of New Jerusalem did not realize Urgency for end time dimnished Morality became just as Catholic 3rd century, believers joined newly formed Novatianists 3rd century, believers joined Donatists AD 500 to 550，totally disappeared from history

Novatianism and Donatism
Novatianism was the view held by followers of Novatian that Christians who denied their faith under the pressures of persecution were not to be readmitted to communion. Donatism was the view held by followers of Donatus that sacraments administered by traditores were invalid. Both of these were declared heretical Traditores were those who handed over the sacred religious texts to Diocletian's henchmen to be burned. Christian leaders who have publicly betrayed the Church should never be put into a position of responsibility again. The Donatist schism was caused by Constantine returning traditores to positions of authority.

Montanism: Teachings 1) Believe & keep the entire Bible, put all into practice 2) Strive to pursue gifts of HS,eg signs, prophecy, speaking of tongue, visions, spiritual dance etc 3) When prophesizing, like the passionate trance of Cybele priests, uttered strange voices Montanus claimed: When he entered into a trance, his self-consciousness ceased, his free will totally controlled by God, speaking God’s prophecies

Didache 十二使徒遺訓 7) Concerning Baptism 7:1 Concerning baptism, you should baptize this way: After first explaining all things, baptize in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, in flowing water. 7:2 But if you have no running water, baptize in other water; and if you cannot do so in cold water, then in warm. 7:3 If you have very little, pour water three times on the head in the name of Father and Son and Holy Spirit. 7:4 Before the baptism, both the baptizer and the candidate for baptism, plus any others who can, should fast. The candidate should fast for one or two days beforehand.

Didache 十二使徒遺訓 11) Welcome the Teacher
11:7 In addition, if any prophet speaks in the Spirit, you shall not try or judge him; for every sin will be forgiven, but this sin cannot be forgiven :8 But not everyone who speaks in the Spirit is a prophet; only he is a prophet who has the ways of the Lord about him. By their ways will the false prophet and the prophet be known :9 Any prophet who orders a meal in the Spirit does not eat it; if he does, he is indeed a false prophet :12 But whoever says in the Spirit, "Give me money,"or something else like this, you must not listen to him. But if he tells you to give for the sake of others who are in need, let no one judge him.

Didache From it, we can see the spiritual confusion in Corinth during Paul’s era grew from bad to worst during the 2nd century, bothering the church at that time

Augustine of Hippo, 354~430 Long ago, people spoke in tongue when HS came to them, an unknown experience, to preach the gospel. After which it diminished Now, if we lay hands to allow people or infants to receive the HS, do we think they should speak in tongues？If they never speak in tongues, do you foolishly think that they have not received the HS（Augustine, Homilies on the First Epistle of John, 6:10, NPNF 1:7:497）

Augustine of Hippo, 354~430 Now, who can expect those who receive the HS to speak in tongues?（Augustine, On Baptism, Against the Donatists, 3:16:21, NPNF 1:4:443） From Augustine’s history documents, we clearly know during 4th & 5th century, the promised HS had totally left the church. Praying for the HS had become the act of the past Augustine, the great theologian, though understood the historical truth of receiving the HS by speaking in tongues during the apostolic era, can only proposed a theory of “cessation of gift”, in an era without the downpour of HS. His theory affected greatly Martin Luther & Calvin later

1st Jan, 1739. 3am : Time of sanctification Venue: London
〈 John Wesley〉（）： Founder of Methodist, pioneer of modern Holiness movement & Pentecostal movement 1st Jan, am : Time of sanctification Venue: London 60 people prayed continually, God’s power came, many shouted, joy flowing, many fell to the ground…… 1740, theory of “2nd blessing & sanctification” 1. Justification 2. Totally sanctified ~ completed his fundamental theories：Bible, Reason, Tradition, Experience

Holiness Movement of 2nd Sanctification
1) 1775, in Virginia rally, an observer wrote: people will tremble, ，some will fall to the ground as if dead，some embraced one another in tears, all in wonderful love & praises 「They were in godly hysteria, eg fell down, in fits, barked like dogs, semi conscious, holy laughter & holy dance, as that of David before the Ark

2) 1801, August, Kenny Hills retreat was the peak of revival： 10,000 to 13,500 different people gathered beside camp fire, falling down as sinners, as if dead. Others were shaking their heads & in fits Peter Cartwright reported：He saw 500 people at once in fits in one rally, even the unrepentant were in fits as the saints. After prayers, some crawled & barked like dogs, in many hours of semi consciousness. When they woke up, they were declared saved or holy. In many gatherings, all were seized by laughter & ecstasy uncontrollably

3) 1800 to 1801, revival entered Georgia university, those attended were in fits & in tongues：「They fainted, laying on straw for many hours，as if shot by snipers，every muscle of them was twitching, as if torn into pieces, or shouted unknown tongues 1861, April North South War《Fort Sumter 》

20th Century Charismatic Movement
Using waves to describe, 3 waves： 1st wave, 1900, started in Topeka of Kansas: Pentecostal Movement 第2nd wave, 1960s, started from mainstream churches & Roman Catholic: Charismatic Movement, or New- Pentecostalism 3rd wave, 1980s, by Peter Wagner & John Wimber: Vineyard Movement, or Signs & Wonders Movement, or Power Evangelism

第一波→五旬節運動（Pentecostal Movement）
歐茲漫（Agnes Ozman）的方言經歷 1900年12月31日在美國中部的肯薩斯州（Kansas state）的扥彼卡（Topeka），在一次通宵聚會中，查理斯‧巴罕（Charles F‧Parham，）按手在他的學生歐茲曼頭上，他開始說「中文」，在他頭上與臉上圍繞著光暈，三天之內他只能用筆寫字，不能用母語（英文）說話，並且也常常寫出中文字來，這事件被稱為五旬節運動的開跑响鑼。這種經歷迅速地傳到與會的人員，在接下來的聚會中，他們能說出21種能證實的語言：法文、德文、瑞典、波希米亞、中文、日文、匈牙利文、保加利亞文、俄文、義大利文、西班牙文、挪威文…等。這時巴罕開始教導：「一個人只須要接受聖靈的洗，他就能到世界最遠的角落，去向那些不明語言的當地人講道。」聽了這則信息的聖潔會牧師A.G賈真的到印地安人區想用方言佈道，但慘敗而歸，只好正規學語言。

第一波→五旬節運動（Pentecostal Movement）
加州洛杉磯（Los Angeles CA）的阿蘇撤街（Asuza Street）來自俄亥俄州的黑人佈道家瑟木（William J.Seymour,1870～1923）接受了巴罕的訓練之後，於 1906年來到加州的洛杉磯宣道，四月間在阿蘇薩街312 號棄屋的樓上通宵聚會，從此開始了爆發性的「五旬節運動」：「男女大喊、哭泣、跳舞、陷入恍惚、說唱方言，並以英文翻譯信息，不穿詩袍，不用讚美詩，沒有聚會程序，只有豐富的宗教熱忱，而一切中心就瑟木長老。他講道的時間不多，多數時間他都在講台後用空鞋盒蓋在頭上…。」參加聚會的人，有些身體痙攣遍及美國，並也向全世界擴散開來。

Denominations From Pentecostal Movement
1906 to 1932 使徒信仰福音會（Apostolic Faith Gospel Mission）神的教會（The Church of God）基督神的教會（The Church of God in Christ）五旬節聖教會（The Pentecostal Holiness Church）神召會（The Assemblies of God）聯合五旬節教會（United Pentecostal Church）四方福音教會（The Church of the Foursquare Gospel）使徒教會（Apostolic Church）以琳五旬節聯合會（Elim Pentecostal Alliance）

Areas Affected by Pentecostal Movement
1906：Thomas Baratt brought this to Northern Europe then to all Europe 1909：India & Korea 1910：Hong Kong, Guang Zhou & Shanghai 1916: all over the world

第二波→靈恩運動(Charismatic Movement)即所謂「新五旬節運動」(Neo-pentecostalism)
柏斯收師（David Plessis） ~ 善於運用文字工作，試圖將各宗各派中有靈恩經歷的人連結撤加林（Demos Shakarian） ~ 創立「國際全備福音商人團契」(The Full Gospel Businessman´s Fellowship International) ，來分享各色各樣的靈恩經歷。

第二波→靈恩運動(Charismatic Movement)即所謂「新五旬節運動」(Neo-pentecostalism)
班尼德收師(Dennis Benett)　 ~ 五旬節運動發動之初，各大傳統教派一方面緊緊閉鎖大門，以防信徒被影響而流失，另一方面則加以攻擊、污衊。 ~ ，傳統的基要派教會大大轉變方向，他們把「五旬節運動」納入他們的教派內，這始於加州的凡乃斯城 (Van Nuys) ~ 年4月３日聖公會的聖馬可堂(St.Marks Episcopal Church)牧師班尼德(Dennis Benett)在他的會堂中倡導靈恩經歷，在那一次的聚會中有70多位教友得到五旬節靈浸的經歷。之後，他四處宣揚，並到各大宗派傳遞靈恩信息，因此靈恩運動在公理會、路德會、長老會，甚至天主教中迅速地發展開來

第三波→葡萄園運動(Vineyard Movement) 又被稱為「神蹟奇事運動」
　靈恩派的佈道家加力信（Kenn Gullikson）於1973年在南加州創辦葡萄園教會，後來溫約翰（John Wimber）參與其中，並且成為這個教會的主要領導人 1983年教會遷至安娜罕（Anahaim），而立下了葡萄運動的根基，再配合富勒神學院（Fuller Theological Seminary）的教授魏格那.彼得（Peter Wagner）的教會增長理論，使這個運動迅速成長。信徒上萬人﹔在北美洲數百間教會。多倫多祝福 (Toronto Blessing) 亨邦尼（Benny Hinn）

第三波浪潮的特點 1) 悔改時已得聖靈的浸（林前十二13）。 2) 重生得救後可能得聖靈的充滿，這些經歷類似「靈浸的經歷」。
第三波浪潮的特點　1) 悔改時已得聖靈的浸（林前十二13）。　2) 重生得救後可能得聖靈的充滿，這些經歷類似「靈浸的經歷」。　3) 方言是部分信徒的恩賜，但人人皆可得著，方言不是屬靈經歷的證明，只是用來事奉神或禱告的恩賜。　4) 信徒應經歷聖靈的恩膏與在祂能力中的事奉。　5) 摻揉各種教義，各種崇拜方式，以求合一。　　　

第三波浪潮的特點 1)神蹟與權能佈道（Power Evangelism） --醫長短腿 --聖靈的擊倒 --醫各樣病症 --講人隱私
第三波浪潮的特點 1)神蹟與權能佈道（Power Evangelism） --醫長短腿 --聖靈的擊倒 --醫各樣病症 --講人隱私 --畫出陌生人的齒模等等 2)心理療法的「內在醫治」（Inner Healing）利用佛洛伊德（Sigmund Freud）及揚洛（Carl G.Jung）的理論來醫治信徒的心靈疾病。 3）追求講預言的恩賜這是追求「知識的言語」，藉著說「預言」和看「異象」。

五旬节运动（复兴孟他努异端）经验，而不是教义，经常是五旬节运动的主要因素。

从美國肯薩斯州的杜百加鎮（Topeka）发起。伯特利聖經學院創辦人兼院長查理・巴翰（Charles Fox Parham）的一位女學生艾格妮斯・歐茲曼（Miss Agnes Ozman）， 1901年1 月1日，突然開始說外语（靈言）可以算作这一运动的其实标志。“據說歐茲曼小姐三天不能講英語和只能講汉语與寫漢字”。那天，連續有34位也說起了外语。 Wave 1: Old / Classic Pentecostalism (1900’s) Charles Parham (Bethel Bible College in Topeka, Kansas); former Pastor in the Methodist Episcopal Church; investigate the “baptism of the Spirit.”

1906至13年; 五旬節運動的擴展从亞蘇撒街復興运动（Azusa Street Revival）为标志。1906 年4月9日在李愛德華在洛杉磯的家中举行的聚会禱告期間，他声称获得圣灵。4月12日，出席的非裔美國人，牧師威廉・西摩（William Seymour）也聲稱他被聖靈感動。在4月18日，洛杉磯時報在头版刊登了這场運動。3星期以后，这个团体就快速增长，以致原来的场所无法容纳，他們就租用在亞蘇撒街312号一個許久未被使用的非洲人美以美會教堂，於是創立了使徒信心會（Apostolic Faith Mission） ; Ahuza Street Revival (April) Los Angeles, California African-American Preacher William J. Seymour (Holiness; Apostolic Faith Mission)

Wave 2: Neo-Pentecostalism / Charismatic Renewal / New Charismatic Movement (1960’s) Crossed denominational lines and barriers. Van Nuys, California; Episcopalian Church (Anglican) – outburst of tongue in the church.（Dennis Bennett) Episcopalians, Lutherans, Presbyterians, Roman Catholic Entered the Universities Yale, Stanford

Wave 3: The Signs & Wonders Movement / Vineyard Movement (1980’s) John Wimber / C. Peter Wagner (Evangelicals) Stress power evangelism – gospel is explained & demonstrated by way of supernatural signs & wonders

Toronto Blessing、（Holy Laughter） Open to “new spiritual revelations” / “deeper doctrinal truth” New Charismatic – all believers will taste this “new move” of the Holy Spirit & unite with them their efforts to supernaturally transform the world (new power to Christianize the world). Restorationalism / Latter Rain Restorationism – spiritual climax where God’s power will be poured out on the church like never before.

Spiritual Discernment
1. Peter’s principle (HS/Experience) ~ Same as us？（Acts 10 : 47） 2. John’s principle（1）(Truth) ~ Listen to us？（1 Jn 4 : 6） 3. John’s principle（2）(Unity) ~ Going out from us？（1 Jn 2 : 19）

救恩论 Soteriology Salvation = God’s saving grace for man (Tit 2:11)
1. Passive Aspect： Save man from death (Gen2:17, Eph 4:18, Rev21:8, 2 Cor 1:10,Heb 2:14) Save man from sin (Rom5:12, Heb 9:22, Mt 1:21,Tit 2:14,Ps 32:1-2) Save man from the Law (1 Cor 15:56, Gal 4:4-5, 3:13, Rom 6:14, 7:4-6) Save man from the power of Satan (1 Jn 5;19, 4-5, Eph 2:1-3, Jn 3:6,5, Acts 26:18 ,Num23:23,Jn 16:33, Rom16:20) Save man from illnesses (Mt 9:35, 8:14-17, 11:28, 2 Cor 1:3-4, Rom 16:20)

Soteriology Salvation = God’s saving grace for man (Tit 2:11)
2. Active aspect： Save man into heaven (Mt 4:17, 10:7, 24:14, 2 Tim 4:18) Save man into eternal life (Jn 6:68, 3:16, 1 Pet 3:7) Save man into glory (Rom 8:30, Heb 2:10, Phil 3:21,1 Pet 5:4,10)

人的死亡 Death Of Man 1. 灵魂死《灵死》Spiritual Death (Gen 2:17, Eph 4:17-19, 2 Cor 1:10) 2. 肉体死《身死》Physical Death (Gen 2:17, Rom 6:23, 5:12, 19, Heb 2:14, 1 Cor 15:52-56) 3. 第二次的死《永死》Second / Eternal Death (Rev 20:6, 21:8, 20:10, 2 Thes 1:9)

Sin Of Man Types： 1. Original / Adamic Sin (Gen 2:17,Rom 5:12, 3:23)
2. Acquired / Own Sin (Mt 12:37, Rom2:6-8) Definition： Transgression (Ps 32:1, Gen 3:6, Exo 20:1-17) Sin =Hamartia (Ps 32:1, Rom 3:23, Js 4:17) Iniquity (Ps 32:2, Gen 8:21, Rom 1:28-31)

Spiritual Shift/Migration
Live with Christ(Rom 6:4-5) Seated in heaven, reigned together as king(Eph 2:5-6) Under grace (Rom 6:17) God’s kingdom Dead in sin (1 Cor 15:22) Slave of sin (Rom 6:17) Under the law (Gal 4:5) World （Satan’s power） Blood

灵，魂，体 Spirit, Soul, Body “May the God of peace himself sanctify you wholly; and may your spirit and soul and body be kept sound and blameless at the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ” (1 Thess 5:23). 愿赐平安的神，亲自使你们全然成圣。又愿你们的灵，与魂，与身子，得蒙保守，在我主耶稣基督降临的时候，完全无可指摘。

灵 Spirit God breathed into man’s nostrils the breath of life (Gen 2:7b), ie. Spirit. This spirit is the spirit of man, the Lamp of the Lord (Prov 20:27). It is a part of man which “knows” (1 Cor 2:11) and which gives man an awareness of God (Job 32:8). It directs, guides and leads man to pursue after spirituality (attributes and virtues of God). It is the part of human that differentiates man from animals. Therefore before sin came, Man was close to God and communicated freely with God. Man only knew what was good.

魂 Soul After God breathed into man the breath of life, man became a living soul (Gen 2:7c; 1 Cor 15:45). Thus, in man there is the life of God (cf. Eph 4:18). This part in man is the “True I” which implies self-conscious life. The seat of emotions, desires and affection (Ps 42:1-6). Therefore before sin came, man has desires, but it was not reckoned as evil.

体 Body The Lord God formed man of the dust from the ground (Gen 2:7a; 3:19; 18:27; Ps 103:14). The body is the material organism animated (instrument of life) by soul and spirit. It is also because of the blood (Acts 17:26; cf. Gen 4:10- 11; 9:4-6; Lev 17:11; Deut 12:23). The body was used for God’s purpose (Gen 2:15). Man and his wife were both naked, and they were not ashamed (Gen 2:25).

当罪进入世界 When Sin Came Into The World （A）灵 Spirit
The spirit of man, the lamp of God which “knows” and which gave man understanding has been darkened by sin (cf. Eph 4:17-18; 2 Cor 4:4; Acts 26:18), eg. Conscience is not clear, defiled, evil, seared (cf. Tit 1:15; Heb 10:22; 1 Tim 4:2) The conflict and struggle in man between good and evil (Rom 7:11-24).

当罪进入世界 When Sin Came Into The World （B）魂 Soul
Spiritual death; alienated from the life of God. From living soul became a dead soul (Gen 2:17; cf. Eze 18:4; Eph 4:18). So physically one is alive, but spiritually dead because of sin (Matt 8:21-22; Lk 15:24,32; Eph 2:1-5). Evil desires prevailed (Jas 1:14-15; cf. Eph 2:2-3).

当罪进入世界 When Sin Came Into The World （C）体 Body
Succumb to diseases, sickness, corruption, decay and death. Man were ashamed of their nakedness and needed to be clothed (Gen 3:7,10-11). The body was used for man’s own purpose and for immorality (cf. 1 Cor 6:13,18).

洗礼救赎后 After Redemption – In Baptism （A）灵 Spirit
A clear conscience (Heb 9:14; 1 Pet 3:21). Leads man to pursue to draw near to God and put on the new nature after God in true righteousness and holiness (Eph 4:23-24; Col 3:10; 2 Pet 1:3-4).

洗礼救赎后 After Redemption – In Baptism （B）魂 Soul
Soul regain the life of God which was lost because of sins (Jn 5:25-26; 17:2; 1 Jn 1:1-2; Rom 6:3-11; Col 2:12-13). Must incline our soul to the Lord & His Kingdom (cf. Ps 73:25; Phil 3:7-8,12-14; Col 3:1- 2).

洗礼救赎后 After Redemption – In Baptism （C）体 Body
Yields our bodies to God as instruments of righteousness (Rom 6:12-13; Tit 2:14; 1 Jn 3:7), to be used by God (1 Cor 6:13,19; Rom 12:1) Glorify Him through our bodies (1 Cor 6:20).

当人死后 When Man Dies （A）灵 Spirit
Spirit of man, the lamp of God, returns to God who gave it (Eccl 12:7).

当人死后 When Man Dies （B）魂 Soul
For those who are saved awaits in Paradise and those not saved awaits in Hades (Lk 16:19-31)

当人死后 When Man Dies （C）体 Body
Return to the dust (Gen 3:19; Ps 90:3; Eccl 12:7)

当耶稣第二次再来 At The Second Advent Of Jesus
Salvation is of the soul (1 Pet 1:9; Matt 10:28; 16:26; Heb 10:35-39; Jas 1:21). The soul will put on the spiritual/heavenly/glorious body (2 Cor 5:1-5; 1 Cor 15:35-50). Those who are dead will resurrect first, then those who are alive, who are left, will be changed, and be caught up together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air (1 Cor 15:51-55; 1 Thess 4:13-18; Phil 3:20-21).

Salvation plan The Need Of God to Save Man
The people of the world is in death, and unable to save themselves 世人处在死地, 不能自救 (约壹1 Jn 5:19, 耶Jer 13:23, 箴Prov 5:22, 罗Rom 3:9-10, 6:23) God loves the world, and unwilling to let man perish 神爱世人，不甘人类灭亡 (诗Ps 8:3-4, 结Ezek 33:11, 约Jn 3:16, 约壹1 Jn 4:8,16)

Salvation plan God’s promise/prophecy to save man
The seed of the women shall bruise the serpent ‘s head 女人的后裔，必伤蛇的头 (创Gen 3:14-15, Heb 2:14-15) All shall be blessed by Abraham’s offspring/seed 亚伯拉罕的后裔，万族必因他得福 (创Gen12:2-3, 17:1-6) Shiloh will comes out of Judah 细罗必出于犹大 (创Gen 49:10, 赛Isa 9:6， Rev 5：5)

Salvation plan God’s promise/prophecy to save man
There will be a prophet arising from Israel 以色列中必兴起一位先知 (申Deut 18:15-19) The Saviour shall come from David’s descendent 救主必出于大卫后裔 (诗Ps 89:27-37, 耶 Jer 23:5-6,Lk 1:32) The one in authority shall come from Bethlehem 掌权者必出于伯利恒 (弥Mic 5:2) The end of the earth shall see God’s glory 地极必见神的救恩 (赛Isa 52:10, 49:6, 路 Lk2:29-32, 3:6)

Prefiguration/Typology
皮衣Garment of Skin (创Gen3:21) 亚伯的祭Abel’s offering (创Gen 4:2-8, 来Heb12:24) 挪亚方舟 Noah’s ark(创 Gen6:5-22) 摩西 Moses (林前1Cor 10:1-2) 铜蛇被举The Lifting up of Bronze serpent ( 民Num21:9, 约Jn 3:14-16) 约书亚 Joshua ( 书Josh 21:44)

救恩的成全 Accomplishment 1. Manifested via Jesus
(约Jn 1:14,15-17, 提后2 Tim1:9-10, 徒Acts 4:12, 路Lk 2:29-32) Jesus’ shedding of blood accomplish salvation (来Heb 9:14, 10:19-20,22, 1 Pet 3:21,弗Eph 2:13) *Flood-type,Baptism-antitype

Salvation is the gift of God (弗Eph2:8-9, 约Jn15:16, 罗Rom9:14-18)
Giving & Acceptance God’s salvation is universal(约Jn3:16, 提前1 Tim2:4, 加Gal3:27-29, 来Heb2:16) Salvation is the gift of God (弗Eph2:8-9, 约Jn15:16, 罗Rom9:14-18) Salvation is freely given (罗Rom4:4-6, 3:28,20, 24, 启Rev22:17)

Man accepts with faith (罗Rom3:25, 1:16-17, 弗Eph2:8, 雅Js 2:20-26)
Giving & Acceptance Man accepts with faith (罗Rom3:25, 1:16-17, 弗Eph2:8, 雅Js 2:20-26) Now is the time of salvation (珥Joel2:28-29, 32, 路Lk4:18-19, 诗Ps32:6, 69:13, 来Heb2:1-3, 林后2 Cor 6:2)

Soteriology 加尔文主义与亚米念主义 Calvinism Arminianism
Explain the relationship between God’s sovereignty & Man’s responsibility/freewill in salvation plan

Soteriology Calvinism from French theologian
John Calvin (1509 – 1564). Arminianism from Dutch theologian Jacobus Arminius (1560 – 1609).

(一)　(John Calvin ,1509~1564) From family of French lawyer, self studied Bible during university, influenced by reformation movement graduated at 23, taught in Paris university, left job for church reformation. Spent 3 years to translate the Bible into French. Fled to Basel of Switzerland because of persecutions，lived as a hermit. During this period, wrote The Institutes of Christian Religion in 1536, which was edited to be the great book for church reformation movement Went to Geneva to work & set up Geneva Academy in 1551, which became the machine of evangelism for Calvin. From , ruled in Geneva, making it the Main camp of Reformists

加尔文主义 Calvinism Can be summarized as English word (TULIP)：１．T (Total Depravity) 完全的墮落──始祖犯罪使全人類完全墮落，人無行善能力。他的意志不能自由選擇救恩，故此觀點又稱為「完全無能」(Total Inability) 。２．U (Unconditional + Irreversible Election) 無條件的揀選── 神救恩的賜與乃據自無條件的揀選，是神無條件的憐憫 + unconditional reprobation ３．L (Limited Atonement) 有限的代贖──基督贖罪的果效只是限於那蒙揀選者。４．I (Irresistible Grace) 不能抗拒的恩典──神的恩典是不能抗拒的，凡他預定得救的必蒙恩。５．P (Preservation of Saints) 聖徒永得保守──蒙揀選者不會從恩典中失落，神的拯救必然到底，一次得救，永遠得救。

加尔文主义 Calvinism 加爾文之神學湴縮可用一英文字「鬱金香」 (TULIP)為代表：１．T (Total Depravity) 完全的墮落──Our forefather’s sin makes man to be totally depraved/fallen, hence man is unable to do good. His free will cannot choose salvation. 始祖犯罪使全人類完全墮落，人無行善能力。他的意志不能自由選擇救恩，故此觀點又稱為「完全無能」(Total Inability) 。

加尔文主义 Calvinism ２．U (Unconditional Election) 無條件的揀選──God’s giving of grace is based on unconditional election and mercy 神救恩的賜與乃據自無條件的揀選，是神無條件的憐憫 (Rom 9:11)

加尔文主义 Calvinism ３．L (Limited Atonement) 有限的代贖 ──The effect of Christ’s redemption is only for the chosen ones 基督贖罪的果效只是限於那蒙揀選者。

加尔文主义 Calvinism ４．I (Irresistible Grace) 不能抗拒的恩典 ──God’s grace cannot be resisted/rejected. Those whom He has predestined to be saved will receive grace/ be saved 神的恩典是不能抗拒的，凡他預定得救的必蒙恩。

加尔文主义 Calvinism ５．P (Preservation of Saints) 聖徒永得保守──The chosen ones will never fall from grace. God’s salvation will be till the end. Once saved, forever saved. 蒙揀選者不會從恩典中失落，神的拯救必然到底，一次得救，永遠得救。

加尔文主义 Calvinism １．T (Total Depravity) 完全的墮落──始祖犯罪使全人類完全墮落，人無行善能力。他的意志不能自由選擇救恩，故此觀點又稱為「完全無能」(Total Inability) 。２．U (Unconditional Election) 無條件的揀選──神救恩的賜與乃據自無條件的揀選，是神無條件的憐憫３．L (Limited Atonement) 有限的代贖──基督贖罪的果效只是限於那蒙揀選者。４．I (Irresistible Grace) 不能抗拒的恩典──神的恩典是不能抗拒的，凡他預定得救的必蒙恩。５．P (Preservation of Saints) 聖徒永得保守──蒙揀選者不會從恩典中失落，神的拯救必然到底，一次得救，永遠得救。

(二).亞米紐斯 (Jacob Arminius ,1560~1609)
　　Educated in Germany. Deeply dissatisfied with the government proclamation of Calvinism as national religion. Wrote & asked to form committee to investigate, passed away in the process. His teachings influenced many, esp John Wesley, and became the forerunner in Methodism

Arminianism The opposite of Calvinism: 1.意志的可能 (Human Ability) ──Man’s will is free to choose God & be saved thru faith 人的意志是自由的，可選擇向神，藉著信心終得救恩。

Arminianism The opposite of Calvinism: 2.有條件的揀選 (Conditional Election) ──Salvation is foreknown by God & hence God chose those whom He foreknew will be saved 得救是神的預知，預知誰會得救而揀選那會得救的。

Arminianism The opposite of Calvinism: 3.無限的救恩 (Unlimited Atonement) ──God redemption is for all men, forgiving those who accept it. Also called universal redemption 神的救贖乃是為全萬民的，赦免是那接受的人。又稱「全地救贖」或「普遍救贖」。

亞米紐斯主义 The opposite of Calvinism: 4.可拒絕的恩典 (Resistible Grace) ──Because man has the freedom of will to reject God’s grace, the Holy Spirit’s regeneration of man should be responded/ reciprocated by man 因人有自由意志可拒絕神恩，聖靈使人重生須有人的回應。

Arminianism The opposite of Calvinism: 5.可在恩典中墮落 (Falling From Grace) ──Those who are truly saved can still fall from grace 真正得救者可失落其恩典

Arminianism The opposite of Calvinism: 1.意志的可能 (Human Ability) ──人的意志是自由的，可選擇向神，藉著信心終得救恩。 2.有條件的揀選 (Conditional Election) ──得救是神的預知，預知誰會得救而揀選那會得救的。 3.無限的救恩 (Unlimited Atonement) ──神的救贖乃是為全萬民的，赦免是那接受的人。又稱「全地救贖」或「普遍救贖」。 4.可拒絕的恩典 (Resistible Grace) ──因人有自由意志可拒絕神恩，聖靈使人重生須有人的回應。 5.可在恩典中墮落 (Falling From Grace) ──真正得救者可失落其恩典

加爾文主義(Calvinism)與亞米念主義(Arminianism) : Comparison
1 Tim 2: 4 He desires all to be saved Explanation of all： Calvinism：People foreknown & chosen by God→ Christian Arminianism：all man in the world(1 Tim2:1 , 2 Pet 3:9)

Calvinism Arminianism
Total Depravity Every aspect of humanity is tainted by sin, therefore human beings are unable to come to God on their own accord Partial Depravity Every aspect of humanity is tainted by sin, but not to the extent that they are unable to place faith in God of their own accord Unconditional Election God elects individuals to salvation based entirely on His will alone, not on anything inherent in the individual Conditional Election God elects individuals to salvation based on His foreknowledge of who will believe in Christ unto salvation Limited Atonement Jesus only died for the elect Unlimited Atonement Jesus died for all, but that His death is not effectual until a person believes Irresistible Grace When God calls a person to salvation, that person will inevitably come to salvation Resistible Grace God calls all to salvation, but that many people resist and reject this call Perseverance of the Saints A person who is elected by God will persevere in faith and will never deny Christ or turn away from Him Conditional Salvation A believer in Christ can, of his/her own free will, turn away from Christ and thereby lose salvation

TJC SOteriology ？

TJC Soteriology 完全的墮落Total depravity
(罗Rom3:10,23, 5:6, 7:18-24), 但有意志的可能, but still has the possibility of will to choose(罗Rom3:21- 22,25, 徒Acts16:14, 可Mk16:16) 无条件的拣选Unconditional election (罗Rom9:11, 弗Eph2:8, 提前1 Tim2:4)

TJC Soteriology 无限的救赎与代死Unlimited atonement
(提前1 Tim2:6, 约Jn3:16, 罗Rom5:6) 可抗拒的恩典Resistible grace (徒Acts13:44-46,48-52) 可在恩典中堕落Falling from grace (创Gen3:23-24,6:2-3, 罗Rom11:20-22, 腓Phil2:12, 来Heb12:15, 彼后2 Pet3:17)

神的拣选 God’s Election is：创世之先的 Before time （弗Eph 1: 4）
付出代价的 Paying a high price （弗 Eph1: 7）没有后悔的 Irrevocable （罗 Rom 11: 29）没有条件+原因的 Without conditions or reasons （罗Rom 9: 11, 林前 1 Cor 1: 26-30）

神的拣选 God’s Election Calvinism :
Stresses Only Divine sovereignty of God Arminianism: Stresses Only freedom of will of man

神的拣选 God’s Election (Rom 8:29)
-Whom He did foreknow, He also did predestine (I Peter 1:2) -Elect according to the foreknowledge of God

Soteriology: God’s design/dispensation of salvation & its fulfilment
Eph 1:3-14 V4 Before the foundation/creation of the world Gen 1:1 , Jn 1:1 In the beginning (En Arche) Eph 1:14 Ernest (originated Hebrew erabon / Greek arrabon) Foundation/creation of the world *Names written in the book of life Before (Election in Christ) In the beginning Creation of heavens & earth From the beginning 6 days Creation & Remodelling Of other things After (7 days cycle)*

神的拣选 God’s Election Angelical election (1 Tim 5:21) National election (Deut 7:6, Exo 19:5-6) Sacerdotal election (Num 17:5, 18:6) Regal election (1 Sam 9:15-16, 16:10-12) Mediatorial election (Isa 42:1) Evangelical election

救恩与自由亚当伊甸园因为罪因为神的恩典得救（水,靈二洗）真理釋放得自由（约8：32,36) 堕落成爲罪的奴隸在罪中不自由
（约8：33-34）天然的自由無罪的自由恢复唯有神纔有絕對的自由，人的自由是相對的，是在有條件之下的自由

Salvation & Freedom Adam Garden of Eden Sin God’s Grace
成爲 Salvation & Freedom Garden of Eden Sin God’s Grace Saved (Baptism of Water & Holy Spirit) The Truth Set You Free （Jn 8：32,36) Adam Fall Slaves to sin No freedom in sin （Jn 8：33-34） Natural Freedom Sinless Freedom Restored Only God has absolute freedom, man’s freedom is relative & conditional

自由的意志絕對自由Absolute Freedom 神God 自由意志Freewill 天然自由 Natural freedom 人的意志
Will of man 自由：你要做什麼就可以 Freedom: Do what you like 天然：神的條例及規則 Natural: God’s rules & regulations

自由的意志 God gives man natural freedom神將天然的自由賦予人的意志，有兩個特色： a.不受強迫 Not compelled/forced upon b.不被自然的絕對需要所決定，去趨於善或惡 Not determined by absolute needs of nature, to do good or evil ＝（neutral, 是中性的，神給人的天然的自由） “天然”：可Mk 4:26－29 ~ 自然 Natural 是神給的 God given ~ 意志 Will 人的 Man’s own

自由的意志绝对的自由 Absolute Freedom 天然的自由 Natural Freedom 神自己的 God’s own
神赐人的 God gives man 无条件 Unconditional 有条件 Conditional（创Gen 2：16）不会失落 Can never be lost 会失落 Can be lost （罗Rom 6：15-16）

自由的意志要珍惜持守Treasure & Keep ！！不可放纵 Do not let loose（加Gal 5：13）
对己有益？Beneficial to ourselves?（林前1 Cor 6：12）有被辖制？Am I Controlled? （林前6：12）有造就人？Edify others? （林前10：23）求人益处？ Seek other’s benefits（林前10： 24）使人跌倒？ Cause others to fall? （林前8：9- 13）

預定論： <<墮落前論>> <<墮落後論>>
　一．以預定的「時間」來分：１．墮落前的預定　(Supra-Lapsarianism) 神樂園 <<墮落前論>> 預定墮落２．墮落後的預定　(Infra-Lapsarianism) 樂園神 <<墮落後論>> 墮落預定　

預定論：二．以預定的「對象」來分：１．雙重預定──預定永生（揀選）；預定永恐（棄絕）２．預定永生──揀選是神的預定（積極）；
惡心行惡是神的任憑/容許加爾文的預定論是雙重＋墮落前的預定。

圣经的历史观神旧约+新约圣经神学起初=时间天启示录地 1517 1917 AD600 亚当旧约第二亚当主耶稣教会
真耶稣教会启十一上古时期中古世纪宗教改革近代现代 15 使徒时代

圣经的历史观神神国建立历史鉴戒在基督里起初=时间天圣灵离开升天应许圣灵空间千年王国 AD 156 AD 600
1517 1917 地亚当第二亚当使徒教会上古时代启11:15 中古时代宗教改革真耶稣教会近代历史鉴戒

圣经中的历史观神创造末日他的历史 His Story 在基督里加4:26 来12:22 (铺张天地) (卷起天地)
*人的历史：神在掌控（但4：32），最终要成就神的旨意

圣经中的历史观神创造末日他的历史 His Story 在基督里加4:26 来12:22 (铺张天地) (卷起天地)
人的历史：以人为中心，研究过去，不知/预测未来神的历史：以神为中心，掌控与陈明过去和未来，成就神的旨意历史：神在人间的作为，目的=完全建立神的国度，人若投入，=永恒价值意义

JESUS WILL COME AGAIN 1. Promise 2. Signs 3. Situation 4. Outcome
Introduction: Jesus Second Coming has been the unceasing great hope of Christians from generations to generations. It is only when He comes, that man’s hope shall be materialized (Tit 2.13). 1. Promise 2. Signs 3. Situation 4. Outcome

1) Promise of His 2nd Coming
a. Jesus Himself promised (Jn ; Mt ; Rev 3.11; 22.7,12) b. Indication by the angels (Acts ) c. Testimonies of the Apostles (2 Pet 3.10; 2 Thess 1.7f; 1 Jn 3.2; Js 5.7) * No one knows the day of His Second Coming (Mt 25.13; 24.36)

2) Signs Societal aspect: i. Sins increases (2 Tim 3.1-5) ii. Man’s knowledge advances (Dan 12.4) iii. Spiritual knowledge shall increase (Rev 22.10) iv. Frequency of wars (Mt 24.6f) v. Famines and earthquakes (Mt 24.7b)

2) Signs Societal aspect:
vi. The restoration of the nation of Israel (cf. Lk ; Mt 24.32; Mk ) * 1948, May 14; the restoration of the nation of Israel (Is 11.11f; Jer 24.5f; 31.35f) There shall be greater tribulation (Mt 24.8,21f,29-31) viii. Believers shall be persecuted (Mt 24.9f) ix. Man’s heart shall turn aside to fables (2 Tim 4.3f) x. The Gospel shall be preached throughout the world (Mt 24.14)

2) Signs (B) From the aspect of the Church (spiritual realm):
The down-pouring of the Spirit of the latter days (Deut 11.13f; Hos 6.3) * The down-pouring of the Holy Spirit of the early rain in the Apostolic era (autumn rain) had sown the seed of the Kingdom of Heaven (Acts 1.8). * Before the Second Coming of Christ, the Holy Spirit of thr latter rain (spring rain) shall do the work of harvesting (Joel ; Js 5.7f).

2) Signs (B) From the aspect of the Church (spiritual realm): ii. The deceit of the Evil Spirit (1 Tim 4.1; 2 Cor 11.14; 1 Jn 4.1-6) iii. False teaching/heresies shall prosper (Mt 24.5,11,23f) iv. Other religions shall greatly prosper (Jer 50.38; Rev 13.13f)

3) Situation of 2nd Coming
a. The sun and moon shall not give its light (Mt ) b. Jesus is revealed from heaven with His mighty angels in flaming fire (2 thess 1.7) c. The Lord shall be in the air (1 Thess 4.17) d. Every eye will see Him and shall mourn because of Him (Rev 1.7; Mt 24.30f)

4) Outcome of 2nd Coming a. The glorious resurrection of the believers
(Phil 3.20f; 1 Pet 5.4) b. Those who do not believe shall be condemned (2 Thes 1.7-9; Rev 21.8) c. The Devil and his angels shall receive eternal condemnation (Mt 25.41; Rev 20.10) d. The world shall burn and melt in fire while the new heaven and the new earth shall appear (2 Pet )

Opening of 6th Seal (6:12-14) 6 natural signs： Great earthquake
Sun darkened Moon like blood Stars fell to ground Heaven moved, rolled up Mountains & islands moved （2 Pet 3：10-12）

Opening of 6th Seal (6:15-17) 6 types of people on earth:
Kings – glory, enjoyment Officials– power, success Generals – army Rich – wealth, property Strong men – might/bravery All slaves & free men = Man’s pride

Who Can Stand ？ Heard ：Sealed God’s servants 2. Saw ：Victory
Seal of living God on forehead (2 Cor 1:22, Rev 9:3-4) 144,000 2. Saw ：Victory Palm branches in hand From all tongues, tribes, nations, people (5:9) Stand before throne & Lamb –serve & protected (6:17, 7:15-17) Wear white clothes Come out from great tribulation (7:13-14) Wash their clothes clean with the Lamb’s blood (Josh 3:14-15)

THE BASIC BELIEFS OF THE TRUE JESUS CHURCH

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THE BASIC BELIEFS OF THE TRUE JESUS CHURCH

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