1. Revision

2. What is an ‘empire’? Add to your glossary:
A group of countries under the rule of a single person or monarch

3. Which is the most important reason for having an empire and which is the least important.
Make sure you come to a decision in your pair as you will be feeding back to the class!

4. The Roman Empire- Revision

5. Roman Empire
The legacy of the Romans is extremely important.  Many things that form part of everyday life were introduced or improved by the Romans.  Over the centuries since the collapse of the Roman Empire, Romans ideas, literature, art and architecture have influenced many people around the world.

6. The Roman Empire

7. How long did the Roman Empire last?
Who were the Romans?
The Romans came from a city called Rome. Rome is in modern day Italy. Two thousand years ago the Romans built a great empire which covered much of Europe.
THE ROMANS
Why was the Roman Empire important?
The Romans, even today, play an important part in our lives. Many of the things we do or have originated from the Romans.
How long did the Roman Empire last?
The Roman civilisation started in 753BC and ended in 476AD
Over 1480 years!!

8. What have the Romans given us?
Language
Law
Names
Public health
What have the Romans given us?
Roads
Religion
Buildings
Science
Calendar

9. Roman Legionnaire Aged over twenty.
All regular Roman soldiers (legionnaries) were Roman citizens from all around the Roman Empire.
Non-Roman citizens fought for Rome as auxiliaries. They did not earn as much as the legionnaries and they didn’t have such high-quality armour, weapons and equipment.
Roman soldiers served for twenty-five years before they were permitted to retire. They received a pension or a gift of land when they left the army.
Roman legionaries were not allowed to get married.

10. What was it like to be a Roman soldier?
Roman soldiers had to be tough. They were expected to march 20 miles a day wearing armour. They were also expected to carry their own shield, some food and camping equipment.
Soldiers were also trained to fight together. They marched into battle in a flexible line with their shields next to each other. Most of the time the army was not involved in fighting, at this time they built roads, aqueducts, forts, baths and just about anything that you can think of.
Some of the army would be trained administrators, who would help gather the taxes.

11. Why become a Roman Soldier?
You could earn a good reliable wage
If you were brave, you were rewarded with a laurel crown!
While you are in the Army part of your wages were saved so you could retire in comfort
Uniform, weapons and equipment all provided
Travel the
world
You could earn extra money from robbing those you defeated
You would be fit, strong and brave – impress all the women!

12. Legacy of the Romans Architecture Art Literature Language (Latin)
Sanitation (sewage)
Aqueducts
Education
Irrigation (water supply)
The calendar
(names of months, leap years)
Coins
Cement and bricks
Public heated baths
Turnips and carrots
Paved streets and pavements
Apples, pears and grapes
 Benefits (free food) for poor citizens
Roads
Wine
Cats
Stinging nettles
Towns
Glass
Street Cleaners
Shops
Laws
Tenement Blocks
(blocks of flats)
Public order
Firemen and Police
 Parks
Cabbages & peas
Public libraries
Public notices and advertisements

13. The British Empire in 1937

14. Match these words with their meanings!
Hoping to get rich and famous for new discoveries
trade
power
religion
ambition
adventure
ports
Hoping to find somewhere that can be set up as a stop-off on long journeys
Finding new foods, medicines, etc.
Trying to spread Christianity
Taking over new countries to stop other enemy European countries, and getting locals to become part of an army
Wanting to explore and learn about new lands and peoples

15. Was the British empire good or bad?

16. Foods: Many of the foods we enjoy today come from the countries of the British Empire such as tea, coffee, cocoa, chocolate, curry and rice.
Foods: Many of the foods we enjoy today come from the countries of the British Empire such as tea, coffee, cocoa, chocolate, curry and rice.
Language: The English language is richer because many of the words come from the colonies for example; bungalow, bungle, bandana, chutney, cheetah, cot, jungle, shampoo and pyjamas.
Language: The English language is richer because many of the words come from the colonies for example; bungalow, bungle, bandana, chutney, cheetah, cot, jungle, shampoo and pyjamas.
Law: Britain left its system of law in the countries it colonised , a legacy of good even today.
Law: Britain left its system of law in the countries it colonised , a legacy of good even today.
Government: Many former colonies continue to use the democratic system of Parliament introduced by Britain. This is a force of good in the world.
Government: Many former colonies continue to use the democratic system of Parliament introduced by Britain. This is a force of good in the world.
Infrastructure: The colonies benefited from the legacy Britain left in improved infrastructure such as good roads, railway systems, canals, bridges and dams. Britain also introduced clean water supplies to lots of colonies.
Infrastructure: The colonies benefited from the legacy Britain left in improved infrastructure such as good roads, railway systems, canals, bridges and dams. Britain also introduced clean water supplies to lots of colonies.
Religion: Some people would argue that Christianity was a force for good in the colonies as it taught people how to live in a good way.
Religion: Some people would argue that Christianity was a force for good in the colonies as it taught people how to live in a good way.
Agriculture: Britain introduced new farming techniques which meant more food was produced and exported from the colonies.
Agriculture: Britain introduced new farming techniques which meant more food was produced and exported from the colonies.
Education: The colonies benefited from the introduction of the British education system which continues today.
Education: The colonies benefited from the introduction of the British education system which continues today.

17. Rebellion: Many people were killed when they rebelled against British rule for example; the Mau Mau rebellion, Kenya 1956 and the Amritsar Rebellion, India 1919.
Rebellion: Many people were killed when they rebelled against British rule for example; the Mau Mau rebellion, Kenya 1956 and the Amritsar Rebellion, India 1919.
Economies: People argue that the economies in the colonies were wrecked because of Britain's hold over transport and raw materials such as iron ore. Britain became rich and powerful whilst her colonies remained poor.
Economies: People argue that the economies in the colonies were wrecked because of Britain's hold over transport and raw materials such as iron ore. Britain became rich and powerful whilst her colonies remained poor.
Religion: People argue that the spread of Christianity prevented people following their own religions such as Hinduism and Buddhism.
Religion: People argue that the spread of Christianity prevented people following their own religions such as Hinduism and Buddhism.
Soldiers: Many colonial soldiers died fighting for Britain in her wars. Would they have fought if their own countries were independent?
Soldiers: Many colonial soldiers died fighting for Britain in her wars. Would they have fought if their own countries were independent?
People: Native people of the colonies such as the Aborigines in Australia had their land taken by the British. 800% of the Aboriginal population were wiped out in 150 years.
People: Native people of the colonies such as the Aborigines in Australia had their land taken by the British. 800% of the Aboriginal population were wiped out in 150 years.
Culture: British customs were seen to be forced on people while their own local customs were ignored.
Culture: British customs were seen to be forced on people while their own local customs were ignored.
Democracy: Often the indigenous people in a colony were denied the right to vote just like many adults and women in Britain.
Democracy: Often the indigenous people in a colony were denied the right to vote just like many adults and women in Britain.
Disease: People in colonies had no resistance to the diseases the British bought with them so many died. However the British did bring medical advances to the colonies.
Disease: People in colonies had no resistance to the diseases the British bought with them so many died. However the British did bring medical advances to the colonies.

18. British Empire
Agriculture: Britain introduced new ways of farming with different crops and foods which allowed native people to have more food.
Clean water and sanitation: Britain built wells and sewers which stopped the spread of disease.
English Language: The English language is almost universal and spoken throughout the world, which makes for good communication between nations.

19. Tudors
Order of Kings and Queens- H H E M E Henry VII Henry VIII Edward IV Mary I Elizabeth I Which religion did each king and queen believe in?

20. Your second task is to work out which problems were solved by which solutions.
You’ll need 6 different colours (one for each problem); colour the solutions with the colours that represent he problem.

21. I spy an attractive lady – in-waiting called Anne Boleyn
I spy an attractive lady – in-waiting called Anne Boleyn. If only I could marry her instead. Will the Pope give me a divorce?
I need a son. I have been married for 20 years and my wife, Catherine of Aragon is too old to have any more children. Who will inherit my throne when I die?
The Church is very rich. I need money for my luxurious court. If only I could get my hands on it.
The new Protestant ideas are spreading in Germany. Princes there are reforming their churches and throwing out the Catholic Church.
The Church takes money out of my country in taxes to help build St Peter’s in Rome. What do I get in return?
Some people in England like the new Protestant ideas. They believe that the Bible should be in English not Latin.

22. Catherine of Aragon
Anne Boleyn
Jane Seymour
Anne of Cleves
Catherine Howard
Catherine Parr

23. STAR OR MONSTER ?
Henry shut down the monasteries and took all their riches for himself and his friends Henry beheaded Anne Boleyn and Katherine Howard Henry founded Christ Church College - one of the most famous in the country. Henry quarreled with the Pope and made himself Head of the Church of England. Henry forged a union with Wales Henry dealt savagely with an uprising in the north called thePilgrimage of Grace. Henry made England a strong and powerful country. Henry executed men who opposed him, such as Sir Thomas More. Henry stopped foreign interference with England’s affairs

24. The Reign of Edward VI (1547–53)
Aim: to make England a Protestant country.
monarch to be Head of the Church
new (English) prayer book to be used
priests allowed to marry
priests to dress simply
churches to be plain
statues of saints to be removed and destroyed
two heretics burned at the stake
holy days (holidays) ended
Protestant Lady Jane Grey made Edward’s heir.
Teaching Ideas:
It may be worthwhile getting students to copy down the aims and policies of the different Tudor rulers as this will enable them to complete the task at the end of this section more easily.

25. The Reign of Mary I (1553–58) Lady Jane Grey executed
Aim: to return England to the Catholic religion.
Lady Jane Grey executed
pope to become Head of the Church again
English prayer book banned
priests forbidden to marry
Protestant bishops to lose their jobs (800 leading Protestants leave Britain)
statues of saints and altars returned to churches
Mary married the Catholic King Philip II of Spain
about 280 Protestants burned at the stake
rebellion in Kent put down firmly
failed attempt to get land taken from the church by Henry returned.
Teaching Ideas:
Discussion/activities include =
1. Choose two policies of Edward and Mary that you think would annoy the most people in England at the time. Explain your choices.
2. Mary was welcomed at the start of her reign and yet news of her death was greeted with cheering and the ringing of church bells in London. Explain both of these reactions.
More information:
Lady Jane Grey has the dubious distinction of being the shortest reigning monarch in English history at just nine days. Some historians would not even include her in their list of monarchs.