واژه شناسی پزشکی.

واژه شناسی پزشکی

-cranio Skull Ear Eardrum Pharynx Esophagus Bronchus Skin Breast Oto
Tympan Pharyngo Esophago -broncho Dermo Mast

Liver Gallbladder Duodenum Ovary Ileum Appendix Rectum Anus Eye Gums
Teeth Larynx Hepa/ hepato Cholecyst Duoden/o Oophor ile/o Append Procto Ano Ophthalmo Gingiv/o Dent/ odont Laryng/o

Trachea Lung Stomach Colon Small intestine Fallopian tube
Part of colon Uterus Cervix vagina -tracheo -pneumo/pneumeno/pulmon -gastro -colo -entero -salpingo -Sigmoid -hyster/metro -Cervic/o -colpo

Spinal cord/ bone marrow Vein Artery Rib Cartilage Chest
-cerebro -encephalo -Cephalo -Neuro -Myleo -Phlebo -Arterio -Costo -Chondro -Thoraco/stetho -Pyelo -Laparo -Sacro -Arthro -Osteo -orchi Cerebrum Brain Head Nerve Spinal cord/ bone marrow Vein Artery Rib Cartilage Chest Pelvis of the kidney Abdomen Sacrum Joint Bone testes

Nose Mouth Thyroid Muscle Heart Spleen Pancreas Kidney Ureter Bladder
prostate -Rhino -Stomato -Thyro -Myo -Cardio -Splen -Pancreat -Nephro/ renal -Uretero -Cysto -prostato

body limb bladder cornea retina iris nail hand or hands بدن
soma / somat/o عضو limb met/o مثانه ، کیسه bladder vesic/o قرنیه cornea kerat/o , corne/o شبکیه retina retin/o عنبیه iris ir/o , irid/o ناخن nail onych/o دست ، دستان hand or hands cheir/o , chir/o

hair, hair like structure humerus
شانه ، کتف shoulder om/o ناف navel , umbilicus omphal/o پا foot pod/o ستون فقرات spine rach/I , rachi/o حدقه ، مردمک pupil cor/o , core/o مچ دست wrist carp/o مو ، مویی شکل hair, hair like structure trich/o بازو ، استخوان بازو humerus humer/o

heel sternum condyle cartillage vessel finger , toe gland blood
پاشنه پا heel calcane/o جناغ سینه sternum stern/o مهره ی استخوان ، مهره ی مفصل condyle condyl/o غضروف cartillage chondr/o رگ vessel vas/o انگشت پا ، انگشت دست finger , toe dactyl/o غدّه gland aden/o خون blood emia/

belly back lip tooth tongue ureter urethra eyelid شکم
ventr/i , ventr/o پشت back dors/I , dors/o لب lip chil/o , cheil/o دندان tooth odont/o , dent/o زبان tongue gloss/o میزنای ، حالب ureter ureter/o پیشاب راه urethra urethr/o پلک eyelid blephar/o

مژه ، موی کوتاه ، مژگان eyelash cili/o رگ vessel angi/o صفرا ، ترشح کیسه ی صفرا gall-bile chol/e لگن خاصره pelvis pelv/i پوست skin derm/o, dermat/o پرده ی جنب ( مربوط به شُش ) pleura pleur/o شرمگاه ، استخوان شرمگاهی pubis , pubic bone pub/o پرده ی صماخ eardrum myring/o

arm check head face jaw lip tongue breast بازو brachi/o گونه bucc/o سر
capit/o صورت face faci/o آرواره ، فک jaw gnath/o لب lip labi/o زبان tongue lingu/o پستان breast mamm/a , mamm/o

nose back of head eye mouth penis vulva hair ankle, anklebone بینی
nas/o پشت سر ، استخوان پشت سر back of head occipit/o چشم eye ocul/o دهان mouth or/o آلت تناسلی مرد penis phall/o آلت تناسلی زن vulva episi/o مو hair pil/o قوزک ، استخوان قوزک ankle, anklebone tal/o

پشت پا ، حاشیه ی پلک tars/o نوک پستان thel/o , thel/e گردن ، گردنی شکل
instep of foot, eyelid edge tars/o نوک پستان nipple thel/o , thel/e گردن ، گردنی شکل neck, necklike structure trachel/o مثانه ، کیسه bladder, cyst , sac cyst/I , cyst/o پا foot ped بافت tissue hist/o طحال spleen lien/o سقف دهان ، کام palate ( part of the mouth ) palat/o

orbit/a مهره ، ستون فقرات vertebra , spinal column spondyl/o زردپی
tendon tend/o , ten/o غده ی تیموس thymus gland thym/o سیاه رگ ، سیاه رگ ها vein or veins ven/e , ven/i , ven/o احشاء viscera viscer/o سرخ رگ کوچک small artery areteriol/o مفصل joint articulus حدقه ی چشم the bony cavity containing the eye ball orbit/a

برجستگی کف دست در قاعده ی شست thenar
خون blood sangui سیاه رگ ( ورید ) vein ven/a, ven/o انگشت شست دست thumb pollex انگشت شست پا thumb of foot pollex pedis سینه chest steth/o پا foot pes برجستگی کف دست در قاعده ی شست the fleshy part of the hand at the base of the thumb thenar پلک eyelid palpebra

cover spinal cord and brain
چانه chin mentum سوراخ بینی nostril naris بافت پوششی مغز و نخاع cover spinal cord and brain mening/o مجرا یا مجاری صفراوی gall or bile duct choledoch/o جسم مژگانی ciliary body cycl/o

پسوندهای اعمال جراحی

-tomy incision -ectomy excision -ostomy new opening -rrhaphy suture -pexy fixation -plasty plastic surgery -tripsy crushing, rubbing -centesis puncture to remove fluid -ectasia diltation / stretching

Incision into the abdomen wall
laparatomy

Excision of the stomach
Gastrectomy

A new permanent opening into the trachea
tracheostomy

Surgical repair of a hernia
herniorrhaphy

Fixation of a kidney nephropexy

Plastic surgery of a joint
arthroplasty

Crushing of a stone lithotripsy

Surgical puncture of the chest cavity
thoracocentesis

Dilatation of the stomach
gastrectasia

Establishment of an artificial connection between the lumen of the colon and the skin
colostomy

Establishment of a new opening into the stomach
gastrostomy

Establishment of a fistula through which the ileum discharges directly to the outside of the body
ileostomy

Creation of an opening into the urinary bladder resulting in a stoma
cystostomy

A connection between segments of the intestine or a fistula into the intestine through the abdominal wall enterostomy

Operative establishment of a fistula from the jejunum to the abdominal wall, usually with creation of a stoma jejenostomy

The operation of incising the trachea, usually intended to be temporary
tracheotomy

Incision into or needle puncture of a vein for the purpose of drawing blood
phlebotomy

Incision into the stomach
gastrotomy

Creation of an opening into the urinary bladder resulting in a stoma
cystotomy

Incision into a lobe lobotomy

Excision of a rib costectomy

Excision of a gland adenectomy

Surgical removal of the gallbladder.
cholecystectomy

Removal of the uterus; unless otherwise specified, usually denotes complete removal of the uterus (corpus and cervix). hysterectomy

Surgical repair of a hernia
herniorrhaphy

Nephropexy by suturing the kidney
nephrorraphy

Operative fixation of a floating or mobile kidney
nephropexy

Operative fixation of an oviduct
salpingopexy

Reconstructive or cosmetic surgery of the nose to correct form or function
rhinoplasty

An operation to restore as far as possible the integrity and functional power of a joint
arthroplasty

Operative crushing of a nerve
neurotripsy

Paracentesis of the abdomen
abdominocentesis

The crushing of a stone in the renal pelvis, calyces, ureter, or bladder, by mechanical force, laser, or focused sound energy lithotripsy

Paracentesis of the pleural cavity
thoracocentesis

Dilation of the pelvis of the kidney
pyelectasia

Puncture of the colon with a trochar or scalpel to relieve distention
colocentesis

Reconstruction of the anus that often involves advancement flaps
anoplasty

Fixation of a segment of the intestine to the abdominal wall
enteropexy

تمرین 3 / صفحه 16

Cystotomy (Incision or puncture into urinary bladder or gallbladder )
1- بریدن مثانه

2- خارج کردن تخمدان با عمل جراحی
oophorocystectomy (Excision of an ovarian cyst ) 2- خارج کردن تخمدان با عمل جراحی

3- تثبیت ( ثابت کردن) مثانه در جای اصلی خود
Cystopexy (Surgical attachment of the gallbladder or urinary bladder to the abdominal wall or to other supporting structures ) 3- تثبیت ( ثابت کردن) مثانه در جای اصلی خود

4- اتساع روده ی بزرگ

5- ایجاد یک سوراخ ارتباطی در روده ی کوچک
A connection between segments of the intestine or a fistula into the intestine through the abdominal wall 5- ایجاد یک سوراخ ارتباطی در روده ی کوچک

6- بیرون کشیدن مایع از روده ی بزرگ

Cholecystorrhaphy (Suture of an incised or ruptured gallbladder )
7- بخیه زدن کیسه صفرا

8- جراحی پلاستیک ( ترمیم ) دهان
stomatoplasty (Old term for corrective operation of the mouth) 8- جراحی پلاستیک ( ترمیم ) دهان

Gastropexy (Attachment of the stomach to the abdominal wall or diaphragm )
9- تثبیت معده در جای خود

10- جراحی پلاستیک (ترمیم ) مری
Esophagoplasty (A revisional surgical procedure of the wall of the esophagus ) 10- جراحی پلاستیک (ترمیم ) مری

11- ایجاد سوراخ ارتباطی بین کیسه ی صفرا و ژیژونوم
Cholecystojejenostomy (Establishment of a communication between the gallbladder and the jejunum ) 11- ایجاد سوراخ ارتباطی بین کیسه ی صفرا و ژیژونوم

12- برداشتن حنجره با عمل جراحی
Laryngotomy (A surgical incision of the larynx) 12- برداشتن حنجره با عمل جراحی

13- بیرون کشیدن مایع از حفره ی شکم
abdominocentesis 13- بیرون کشیدن مایع از حفره ی شکم

Pancreatotomy (Incision of the pancreas )
14- برش لوزالمعده

15- خردکردن سنگ کیسه ی صفرا
Cholelithotripsy (the crushing of a gallstone ) 15- خردکردن سنگ کیسه ی صفرا

16- اتساع شریان

Proctorrhaphy (Repair by suture of a lacerated rectum or anus )
17- بخیه ی مقعد

Rhinoplasty (Reconstructive or cosmetic surgery of the nose to correct form or function )
18- جراحی پلاستیک بینی

Varicocele (A condition manifested by abnormal dilation of the veins of the spermatic cord )
19- اتساع ورید

تمرین 4 / صفحه ی 17

Surgical puncture of the colon
colocentesis Surgical puncture of the colon

Suture of the intestine
enterorrhaphy Suture of the intestine

Incision into the gall bladder
cholecystotomy Incision into the gall bladder

Partial excision of the esophagus
esophagogastrostomy Partial excision of the esophagus

Pharyngoplasty Repair of the pharynx

hepatopexy Fixation of the liver

Created opening between the stomach and intestine
gastroenterostomy Created opening between the stomach and intestine

Creation of an artificial opening into the esophagus
esophagostomy Creation of an artificial opening into the esophagus

Surgical crushing of a nerve
neurotripsy Surgical crushing of a nerve

Diltation of the trachea
tracheomegaly Diltation of the trachea

بیرون کشیدن مایع روده ای
enterocentesis (Puncture of the intestine with a hollow needle (trocar and cannula) to withdraw substances ) بیرون کشیدن مایع روده ای

2- قلب درد

splenopexy تثبیت طحال با عمل جراحی

otoplasty جراحی پلاستیک گوش

خونریزی چشم

التهاب آپاندیس

بیماری عصب

التهاب روده ی بزرگ

فتق راست روده

خونریزی زیاد دوره ی قاعدگی

Excision Study of Excessive flow Rupture of hernia Against
1- ectomy 2- -logy 3. –rrhage/-rrhagia 4. –centesis 5. anti- 6. –it is 7. arthr 8. –algia 9. –ostomy 10. oto 11. cele 12. osis 13. cranio 14. costo 15. tomy Excision Study of Excessive flow Rupture of hernia Against Inflammation Joint Pain New opening Ear Hernia Condition of Skull Rib incision

16. Nephro 17. Rrhaphy 18. Procto 19. Myelo 20. Phlebo 21. tripsy 22
16. Nephro 17. Rrhaphy 18. Procto 19. Myelo 20. Phlebo 21. tripsy 22. plasty 23. ectasia 24. rhino 25. pexy 26. pathy Kidney Suture Rectum Spinal cord Vein Crushing Plastic surgery Diltation Nose Fixation disease

تمرین 3 / صفحه ی 21

Encephalitis Testectomy Hematology Cephalgia Hysteropath y Gastralgia
Nephropathy Oophorecto my Rectocele Pulmonitis Inflammation of the brain Removal of a testicle surgically Study of science of the blood Pain in the head Any disease or condition of the uterus Pain in the stomach Condition of the kidney Removal of an ovary Rupture of the rectum Inflammation of the lungs

آشنایی با بعضی از پیشوندها و اجزاء کلمه
جزء کلمه ی مرکب مترادف انگلیسی معنی به فارسی A / an/ ar Without or not , lack of فقدان ، عدم ، کمبود Ad Near, toward نزدیک ، متمایل ، به سوی Ab Away from دور از Ante Before, foreward قبل از ، جلو anti Against, opposing ضد ، مخالف Cyt/e, cyt/o cell سلول

بیش از حد معمول ، بسیار زیاد
جزء کلمه ی مرکب مترادف انگلیسی معنی به فارسی Dis To free of, to undo with جدا کردن ، بی اثر نمودن Dys Painful or difficult اختلال ، مشکل ، دردناک Contra Against, opposing ضد ، مخالف Hem/o, Hem/a Hematt/o Blood خون Hemi Half, one side نیمه ، نصف hyper More than normal, too much بیش از حد معمول ، بسیار زیاد

جزء کلمه ی مرکب مترادف انگلیسی معنی به فارسی hypo Less than normal, under, not enough کمتر از حد معمول ، زیر ، ناکافی Semi Half, one side نیمه ، نصف Inter Between میان ، بین Intr/o, intr/a Within داخل ، درون Sepsis, sept/o infection آلودگی میکروبی ، عفونت

A / an / ar Aseptic without infection, sterile Aphasia without speech
Anemia lack of blood Afebrile without fever Arrhytmia without the normal rhythm of the heart beat A / an / ar

ad Adduction movement toward a midline
Adhesion joining together of two normally separate tissues Adrenal near the kidney ad

Abduction movement away from a midline

Anteflexion bending forward
Antecubital before elbow ante

anti Antibiotic against life Antiseptic against infection
Anticonvulsion a drug used to inhibit convulsion anti

Contralateral opposite side
Contraindicated not advisable contra

cyto Cytometer a device that counts cells Cytology study of cells
Leukocyte white blood cell Erythrocyte red blood cell cyto

dis Dissect cut a part Disinfection to free of infection
Disease lack of ease dis

Dysuria difficult urination
Dysentry painful intestine dys

Hematology study of blood
Hemostasis stopping bleeding Hemato / hemo

Semi / hemi Seminormal half normal
Hemiplagia paralysis of half the body Hemigastrectomy removal of half of the stomach Semi / hemi

Hyper / hypo Hypertension more than normal blood pressure
Hyperactive overactive Hypoactive low activity Hypothyroidism deficiency of thyroid activity Hyper / hypo

Intercostal between the ribs
Internodal between nodes Inter /

intra Intracardiac within the heart Intraocular within the eye
Introversion turning inward intra

Define the following words:
Apathy absence of interest in the environment Anemia Any condition in which the number of red blood cells/mm3, the amount of hemoglobin in 100 mL of blood, and/or the volume of packed red blood cells/100 mL of blood are less than normal Anesthesia Loss of sensation Afebrile Without fever Arrythmia Loss or abnormality of rhythm Adduction Movement of a body part toward the median plane Aboral Abduction Movement of a body part away from the medianplane Aberrant Differing from the usual or norm Anteversion Turning forward, inclining forward as a whole without bending

Antelocation Antiseptic Relating to antisepsis Antirheumatic Denoting an agent that suppresses manifestations of rheumatic disease Anticonvulsion Contraception Prevention of conception or impregnation Septecemia Aseptic Cytoplasm The substance of the protoplasm of a cell, exclusive of the nucleus, which contains various organelles and inclusions. Cytolysis The dissolution of a cell leukocyte

Disinfect To destroy pathogenic microorganisms in or on any substance or to inhibit their growth and vital activity. Hemicardia Either lateral half, including atrium and ventricle, of the heart Semicolon Dyspepsia Impaired gastric function or “upset stomach” due to some disorder of the stomach; characterized by epigastric pain, sometimes burning, nausea, and gaseous eructation. Dyskinesis Difficulty in performing voluntary movements Dyspnea Shortness of breath, a subjective difficulty or distress in breathing, usually associated with disease of the heart or lungs; occurs normally during intense physical exertion or at high altitude. Hemolysis Alteration, dissolution, or destruction of red blood cells Hematophobia Hypoderm Hypertrophy General increase in bulk of a part or organ

Intramuscular Within the substance of a muscle
Intracellular Within a cell or cells Interchondral Between or connecting cartilages Interdental Between the teeth Hemorrhage An escape of blood from the intravascular space

اصطلاحات مربوط به ابزار و دستگاه های پزشکی

Scope instrument for looking into and examining
Tome instrument for cutting thin section Graph instrument or machine that records Meter instrument that measures or counts

Scopy act of examining and looking into
Tomy incision Graphy recording Gram written record Metry act of measuring Electro electricity

تمرین فصل سیزدهم

audiometer = an electric device for testing hearing and for measuring the conduction of sound through the ear Audio = hearing

acromiohumeral= related to acromion and humerus
Acromi/o = acromion

Algesi/o = abnormal sensitivity
hyperalgesia = an exaggeratedsense of pain analgesia = absence of sense of pain paralgesia= abnormality of the sense of pain

Anterolateral= situated or occurring in front and to the sides
Anterosuperior = located in front of and above Antero = before

Aut/o = self Autophobia = a fear of being alone
Autohemotherapy = treatment of a disease by irradiation of the patient’s own blood Aut/o = self

Acu= a needle Acupressure = a type of massage in which finger pressure on the specific bodily types

Actinodermatitis =a skin swelling or rash caused by sun, x-rays, or atomic radiation. It can cause skin cancer Actin/o = ray

All/o = other, different
Allopathy = a system of treatment in which a disease is treated by creating a state in which it cannot thrive. For example, an antibiotic that kills a certain bacterium is given for an infection All/o = other, different

Amblyopia = dimness of sight, without apparent organic defect
Ambl/y = dim, dull Amblyopia = dimness of sight, without apparent organic defect

Antroscopy = examining the cavity or a chamber
Antr/o = cavity

Ateloglossia = a congenitally incomplete development of the tongue
Atel/o = incomplete

Bio = life Biology = the study of life
Biogenesis = production of living organism Bio = life

Brachydactylia = abnormal shortness of the finger or toe
Brachygnathous = abnormal shortness of the mandible Brachy = short

Brev/I = short Brevicollis = abnormal shortness of the neck
Breviflexor = a short flexor muscle Brev/I = short

Balanoplasty = surgical reconstruction of the glans penis
Balan/o = glans Balanoplasty = surgical reconstruction of the glans penis

Hypobaropathy = the disturbance experienced in high altitude due to reduced air pressure
Bar /o = weight, heavy

Biliuria = the presence of various bile salts in the urine
Bil/I = bile

Blast/o = embryonic form
Angioblast = a cell in the embryo which develops into blood vessel tissue Neuroblast = a cell from which a nerve develops

Cystocele = hernia in which the urinary bladder protrudes through the wall of vagina
Rectocele = herniation of the rectum Cele= hernia

Causalgia = a burning pain in a limb along the course of a peripheral nerve
Cautery = an instrument used to destroy tissue for medical reason ( removal of a wart ) Caus , caut = burn

Clas/ia clas/o clas/i= breaking
Osteoclasis = destruction of a bone tissue Clastothrix = a congenital condition in which minute nodes are formed in the hair shafts Arthroclasia = surgical breaking down of an ankylosis to prevent a joint to move freely

Cel coel = hollow, cavity
Celiac = pertaining to abdomen Coelom = the cavity between the body wall and the alimentary canal Cel coel = hollow, cavity

Cac/o= bad, diseased, abnormal
Cacorhinia = Cac/o= bad, diseased, abnormal

Cariogenic = cancer causing
Cari/o = decay Cariogenic = cancer causing

Catalepsy = transelike state coming on suddenly as in a fit
Cat/a= down

Cerumen = ear wax Cer= wax

Colpocleisis = operation for removing the lumen of the vagina
Cleis/is = closure Colpocleisis = operation for removing the lumen of the vagina

Coll/o = glutinous, jellylike
Colloid = a colloidal substance in the body as a stores secretion of a cyst Coll/o = glutinous, jellylike

Copr/o = feces, excrement
Corpostasis = fecal impaction being closely together ) Copr/o = feces, excrement

Calanodynia = pain in the heel when standing or walking
Calcane/o = heel

Abduct = pull away from the body
Duct = lead

Dolich/o= long Dolichocephalic = long-headed
Dolichoderus = a person with long neck Dolich/o= long

Cephalodynia = headache
Dyn/ia dyn/o = pain Cephalodynia = headache

Dacry/o = tear Dacryocystitis = inflammation of the lacrimal sac
Dacryoadenalgia = pain in the lacrimal gland Dacry/o = tear

Choledochitis = inflammation of common bile duct
Doch/o = duct

Hematemesis = vomiting of blood
Emesis = vomitting Hematemesis = vomiting of blood

Edem = swelling Cephaledema= edema of the head
Edematous = swollen with an excessive accumulation of blood Edem = swelling

Esophoria = deviation of the visual axis of one eye
Es/o = within , inward

Eury = wide, broad Eurysomatic = having a thick-set body
Eurycephalic = having an abnormally broad head Eury = wide, broad

Epiplopexy = suture of the greater omentum to the abdominal wall
Epipl/o = omentum

Synergy = working together of 2 things ( muscles or drugs )
Erg/o = work Synergy = working together of 2 things ( muscles or drugs )

Fiss = split, cleft Fissure = a narrow opening / a crack
Fissile = capable of undergoing fission/ being split Fiss = split, cleft

Neurofibroma = tumor of fibrous covering of a peritoneal nerve
Angiofibroma = a lesion characterized by fibrous tissue and vascular proliferation Fibr/o = fibrous, fiber

Gen/o = generation, producing
Pyogenic = causing abscesses / pus- forming Pathogenesis = the production of damage in a tissue

Genophobia = fear of sexual relations
Gen/esis= origin

Gen/ous = beginning

Glyc/o = sugar Glycogen = the form of glucose in the blood
Hypoglycemia = abnormally low level of glucose in the blood Glycolysis = the breakdown of glucose Glycorrhea = discharge of sugar from the body Glyc/o = sugar

Gynec/o = woman Gynecopathy = any disease unique to women
Gynecologist = specialist in treating the diseases and hygiene of women Gynecoid = like a woman Gynec/o = woman

Gangli/o = ganglia Cerebral ganglia
Cervical ganglia= colonies of neurons outside the brain and spinal cord Gangli/o = ganglia

Hapl/o = simple , single Haploid = having a single set of chromosomes in the nucleus of each cell

Hidr/o = sweat Hidroadenitis = inflammation of the sweat glands
Hyperhidrosis = too much sweating ( caused by heat, overactive thyroid , menopause ) Hidr/o = sweat

Hyal/o = glassy, transparent
Hyalomucoid = a mucoprotein in the viterous body Hyal/o = glassy, transparent

Flexible = capable of being bent Contacticle = able to be contacted
Ible, ile= capable , able Flexible = capable of being bent Contacticle = able to be contacted

Im , in = not Immature = not mature
Involuntary = not done of one’s own free will; unintentional Im , in = not

Pediatrics = a branch of medicine concerned with treatment of diseases of children
Iatr/o = treatment

Ischiorectal = pertaining to the region between the rectum and ischial tuborrosing
Ischiopubic = relating to both ischium and pubis growth of children Ischi/o = ischium

Ichthyosis = any of the several congenital diseases in which the skin is fishlike
Ichthy/o = fish

Idi/o = personal, one’s own
Idiopathy= a disease with unknown origin Idi/o = personal, one’s own

Inocystoma = any tumor or growth with sacs ( cysts )
in./o = fiber, fibrous

Karyophage= an intracellular parasite that feeds on the host nucleus
Kary/o = nucleus Karyophage= an intracellular parasite that feeds on the host nucleus

Kin/esio kin/e kin/o = movement , motion
Kinetogenic= causing or producing movement Kinesiology= the scientific study of muscular activity and of the anatomy, physiology, and mechanics of body movement. Kin/esio kin/e kin/o = movement , motion

Lei/o = smooth Leidodermia = having glossy skin
Leiootrichious = having straight smooth hair Lei/o = smooth

Lepto = slender Leptomeningitis = inflammation of the pia mater and arachnoid membrane Leptodactylous = having slender toes or fingers Leptodermic= slender; thin ; fine

Levoduction = the rotation of one or both eyes to the lefy
Levorotation = left-handed rotation Lev/o = left

Lapar/o = abdominal wall
Laparectomy = excision of strips of the abdominal wall Lapar/o = abdominal wall

Leps/o = seizure, attacks of sleep
Narcolepsy = frequent and uncontrollable periods of sleep Leps/o = seizure, attacks of sleep

Nasolacrimal = pertaining to the lacrimal structures and the nose
Lacrim/o = tear

labiomycosis-= the growth of parasitic fungi in the lips
Labi/o = lip

Lal/o= speech disorder
Echolalia= the uncontrollable and immediate repetition of words spoken by another person

Macr/o = large Macrobiosis = long life
Macrencephaly = the condition of having an abnormally large brain Macr/o = large

Micr/o = small Micracoustic = related to faint sounds
Microbe = a microorganism , esp. a pathogenic bacterium Micr/o = small

Meta= beyond Metastasis = transference of disease producing organism
Metachrosis = the ability of some animals to change their color Metacarpal = relating to metacarpal

Morph/o = form, structure, shape
Morphology = a branch of biology dealing with the forms and structure of an organ Morph/o = form, structure, shape

Mega/ megaly/ megalo= large
Megalgia= very severe pain Megalomania= a symptom of mental illness marked by delusions of greatness , wealth Mega/ megaly/ megalo= large

Miosis = excessive constriction of the pupil of the eye
Mi/o = less, decrease

Megalomania=a symptom of mental illness marked by delusions of greatness , wealth
Mania= madness

Muc/o = mucous Mucoid = looking like mucus
mucolytic = anything that dissolves or destroys the mucus Muc/o = mucous

Myc/o = fungus

Mesoderm = the middle germ layer of a metazoan embryo
Mes/o = middle

Mononeucleosis = the presence of an abnormally large number of mononuclear leukocytes
Monomyoplegia = paralysis limited to a single muscle Monocyte = a large circulating WBC Mononeural = having only one neuron Mon/o = single

Mycology = the branch of biology dealing with fungi
Myc/o= mucus

Necr/o = death Necrosis = death of a circumscribed portion of a tissue
Necrophobia = abnormal fear of death Necropsy = ( autopsy ) the examination of a body after death Necr/o = death

Ne/o = new Neopathy = a new lesion or pathologic process
Neonatal= pertaining to newborn children Neoplasm = a new uncontrolled growth of abnormal tissue; tumor Neocyte = Ne/o = new

Nevocarcinoma = a carcinoma developing from a nevus ( moles and various types of birthmarks )
Nev/o = birthmark, mole

Nullipara= a woman who has never borne a child
Null/i= none

Narc/o = sleep Narcosis = a state of of stupor or drowsiness
Narcotic = any of a class of substances that blunt the senses Narc/o = sleep

Lipoid = resembling fat Android = resembling a man

Ambiopia = ( diplopia ) = a single object appears twice
Opia = vision

Optometer = any of the various instrument for measuring the refractivity of an eye
Optician = a person specialized in opticianary Opt/o optic/o = seeing

Oligophrenia = less than normal mental development
Olig/o = few, little Oligophrenia = less than normal mental development

Opisth/o = backward, behind
Opisthocheilia = recession of the lips ( the withdrawal of tissue ) Opisth/o = backward, behind

Orth/o = straight, normal, correct
Orthodontics = prevention and correction of irregular teeth Orth/o = straight, normal, correct

Ox/y = sharp, quick, acute
Oxyesthesia = increased sensitivity to stimulation Oxyrhine = having a sharp-pointed tooth Ox/y = sharp, quick, acute

Oogenesis= the origin and development of the ovum
o/o = ovum

Oculonasal = relating to eyes and nose
ocul/o = eye

Oncolysis = the destruction of tumor cells
Onc/o = tumor, mass Oncolysis = the destruction of tumor cells

Osm/o = sense of smell, odor
Anosmia = absence or loss of the sense of smell Osm/o = sense of smell, odor

-ptosis= prolapse, downward
Hysteroptosis = prolapse of the uterus Blepharoptosis = a drooping or abnormal relaxation of the upper eyelid Nephroptosis = abnormal mobility of the kidney -ptosis= prolapse, downward

Poly = many, much, excessive
Polyuria = the passing of an excessive quantity of urine Polyarthritis = arthritis occurring in more than one joint Polyneuritis =inflammation of several nerves at the same time Polyotia = the presence of an extra auricle on one or both sides of the head Polyphagia = excessive desire to eat Polycystic = containing many cysts

Pseudomania = a factitious ( not natural ) mental disorder
Pseudoesthesia = false or imaginary feeling Pseud/o = false

Poiesis= formation, production
Hemopoiesis = the formation of blood Leukopoiesis = the formation and development of white blood cells Poiesis= formation, production

Pachy= thick Pachyderma= abnormally thick skin
Pachycephalic = thickness of the skull or head Pachy= thick

Ple/o = old, primitive 1. the regrowth of a lost part.
Paleogenetic = a trait or structure of an organism or species that originated in a previous generation Paleogenesis = 1. the regrowth of a lost part. 2. the hereditary carrying of family traits, especially defects, from one generation to the next

Platy = flat , wide Platyglossal = having a broad flattened tongue
Platycephaly = flatness of the cranium Platy = flat , wide

Ple/o = more Pleonexia = excessive desire of wealth
Pleomastia = the condition of having more than normal number of breast Ple/o = more

Poikil/o = irregular, varied
Poikiloderma= patchy discoloration of the skin Poikilothermic = cold-blooded

Peps/ia, peps/o = digestion
Dyspepsia = impaired digestion Bradypepsia = slowness of digestion Apepsia= a condition involving a failure of the digestive functions Peps/ia, peps/o = digestion

Pyel/o = renal pelvis Pyelitis = inflammation of the pelvis
Pyeloplasty = plastic surgery of the renal pelvis of a kidney Pyel/o = renal pelvis

Phon/o = voice Dysphonia = any disturbance of normal vocal function
Phonometer = a device for the measurement of the intensity of a sound Phonomyography = the recording of sounds produced by muscle contraction

Plas/o = development, formation
Hyperplasia= abnormal multiplication of cells Chondrodysplasia = a genetic disease marked by abnormal growth at the ends of bones, particularly the long bones of the arms and legs. Bones of the hands and feet may be similarly affected Plas/o = development, formation

Psychiatrist = the branch of medical science that deals with the causes, treatment, and prevention of mental, emotion, and behavior disorders Psychologist = A clinical psychologist is one who is qualified by education and training to test and counsel patients with mental and emotional disorders. Psychosis = any severe form of mental disorder Psych/o = mind

Psychoneurosis = ( neurosis ) = a relatively mild personality disorder
Psychopathy= also called psychopathia. Any disease of the mind, inborn or one that develops

phor/o = bear, carry Phorometer = an instrument for measuring imbalance in the extrinsis muscles of the eyes Euphoria = a feeling of happiness, confidence, well-being ( mania) Phorology = studies disease carriers and epidemic or endemic diseases

Plasm/o = formation

Phren/o = diaphragm 1. referring to the diaphragm. phrenic nerve
2. referring to the mind. Phren/o = diaphragm

Perine/o = perineum perineum
the part of the body between the inner thighs on either side, with the buttocks to the rear and the sex organs at the front. The perineum holds up and surrounds the lower parts of the urinary and digestive tracts Perine/o = perineum

Phacoid = having the shape of a lentile; lens-shaped
Phacocele= hernia of the lens of the eye Phac/o = lens of the eye

Phototherapy = treatment of disease ( esp. skin ) by means of light
Phot/o = light

Phyt/o = plant Dermatophytosis = a mild fungus infection of the skin. On the trunk and arms it is commonly called "ringworm." The infection causes round scaly patches with slightly raised edges and clear centers. On the feet, small blisters, cracking and itching, occur; the condition is called "athlete's foot." Treatment includes drugs to fight fungus placed on the skin

Plica = a fold of tissue in the body, as the circular folds (plicae circulares) of the small intestine Plic/i = fold

Protoplasm = the living substance of a cell, usually made up of water, minerals, and animal and vegetable compounds. Prot/o = first

Pteryg/o = wing pterygoideus medialis, internal pterygoid muscle, also called internal pterygoid muscle. One of the four jaw muscles used for chewing. It functions to close the jaw

ptyalism , hyperptyalism also called hyperptyalism
ptyalism , hyperptyalism also called hyperptyalism. Too much saliva, as sometimes occurs in the early months of pregnancy. It is also a sign of mercury poisoning Ptyal/o = saliva

Radiculoneuritis = inflammation of one or more roots of the spinal nerves
radicular retention= dental treatment with metal projections placed into the root canals of pulpless teeth Radicul/o = root

Scler/o = hardness Sclerosis = hardening of a tissue
Arteriosclerosis = thickening of the vessel walls and accumulation of calcium Scler/o = hardness

Scoli/o = twisted, crooked
Scoliosis = an abnormal curvature of the spine Scoliosiometry = measurement of spinal curvature Scoli/o = twisted, crooked

Stene/o = solid, three dimensional
Stenosis = an abnormal condition marked by the tightening or narrowing of an opening or passageway in a body structure. Kinds of stenosis include aortic stenosis and pyloric stenosis Stenocoriasis = contraction of the pupil Stene/o = solid, three dimensional

Spermat/o = spermatozoa
Spermatolysis = destruction of spermatozoa Spermatocyst = (spermatocele ) a cystlike swelling that contains sperm. It lies above, behind, and separate from the testis; it is usually painless and requires no therapy. Spermatopathy = any disease of the semen or spermatozoa

Syphiliopsychosis= any mental disease arising from spylitic infection category
Syphiliosis = a serious disease passed on through sexual intercourse (a sexually carried disease caused by a type of bacteria (Treponema pallidum), marked by three clear stages over a period of years. Any organ system may become involved. The bacteria are able to pass into a fetus in the womb, causing syphilis in the newborn at birth. ) Syphil/o = syphlis

Sept/o = infection Aseptic = free from the living germs of disease
Septemia = ( septecemia ) = blood poisoning = systemic disease caused by spread of microorganisms and toxins through circulating blood Sept/o = infection

Sarcoma = any of the malignant tumors composed of neoplastic cells
Sarc/o = flesh Sarcoma = any of the malignant tumors composed of neoplastic cells

Scotoma = loss of vision in a part of the visual field
Scot/o = darkness

Seborrhea= an excessive and abnormal discharge from the sebaceous gland
Seb/o = sebum

Sialoadenitis = inflammation of one or more of the salivary glands
Sial/o = saliva

Sitotherapy = ( dictotherapy ) treatment by food
Sit /o = food

Insomnia = ( sleeplessness ) inability to obtain sufficient sleep
Somn/o = sleep

Ultrasonic = sound with a frequency greater than 20000 Hz
Son/o = sound Ultrasonic = sound with a frequency greater than Hz

Sphygmomanometer = an instrument for measuring arterial blood pressure
Sphygm/o = pulse

sten./o = narrowness, constriction

Asthenia = ( weakness ) lack or loss of strength
Sthen/o = strength Asthenia = ( weakness ) lack or loss of strength

stigma pl. stigmata, stigmas, 1. a moral or physical blemish. 2
stigma pl. stigmata, stigmas, 1. a moral or physical blemish. 2. a physical trait that serves to identify a disease or a condition. Astigmatism = an abnormal condition of the eye in which the curve of the cornea is unequal. As a result, light rays cannot be focused clearly. Vision is blurred and the eyes tire easily. The condition usually can be corrected with contact lenses or eyeglasses Stigmat/o = mark, point

Topalgia = pain restricted to a partcular spot
Top/o = place, location

Tel/o tel/e = distant, end
Telepathy = The unproved communication of thought from one person to another by means other than the physical senses Tel/o tel/e = distant, end

Terat/o = monster, wonder
Teratoma = a tumor made up of different types of tissue , none of which normally occur together or at the site of the tumor. Teratomas are most common in the ovaries or testes Terat/o = monster, wonder

Thant/o = death Thanatoid = resembling death
thanatology = the study of death and dying Thanotopsy, autopsy, necropsy, thanatopsy , also called necropsy, An examination after death that is done to determine the cause of death. Thant/o = death

Heterotropia = ( strabismus ) = crossed eyes
Trop/o = turning Heterotropia = ( strabismus ) = crossed eyes

ultrasonography, sonogram, sonography, also called sonography
ultrasonography, sonogram, sonography, also called sonography. The process of imaging deep structures of the body by recording the reflection of high- frequency sound waves. It is used to diagnose fetal abnormalities, gallstones, heart defects, and tumors Ultra= beyond, excess

Uremia = The presence of excessive amounts of urea and other nitrogenous waste products in the blood, as occurs in renal failure Ur /o = urine

Varic/o = varicose vein
Varicocele = varicose condition of the veins

Xen/o = strange, foreign
Xenophobia = an unreasonable fear of foreigners or strangers Xen/o = strange, foreign

Xeroderma= dry-skinned
Xer/o = dry

دستگاه تولید مثل مردان

scrotum کیسه ی بیضه

بیضه testes

کلمه ریشه ای و به معنی بیضه است
Orchido-

نسج سفید که روی بیضه را می پوشاند
Tunica albuginea

هورمون هایی که در به وجودآوردن خصوصیات جنسی مرد دخالت دارند.
Androgenic hormones

هورمونی که به وسیله ی بیضه ترشح می شود.
testestrone

ساختمان های لوله ای شکل جفت که روی بیضه قرار دارند.
epididymis

Vas deferens/ seminal duct
مجرای دافق Vas deferens/ seminal duct

طناب اسپرماتیک که محل عبور وازدفران ، اعصاب و لنفاتیک و عروقی است.
طناب اسپرماتیک که محل عبور وازدفران ، اعصاب و لنفاتیک و عروقی است. Spermatic cord

فضایی در کشاله ی ران که طناب اسپرماتیک از آن وارد حفره ی لگنی می شود.
فضایی در کشاله ی ران که طناب اسپرماتیک از آن وارد حفره ی لگنی می شود. Inguinal canal

اصطلاحات مربوط به اعضای داخلی تولید مثل مردان

غده ی پروستات Prostate gland

مجرای ادرار پروستات Prostatic urethra

غدد که در دو اطراف مجرای ادرار قرار دارند.
Bulbourethral glands

ساختمان کیسه ای شکل که تولید مایع سمینال (منی) می کند.
Seminal vesicle

لوله هایی که منی را به داخل مجرای ادرار دفع می کنند.
Ejaculatory duct

مایع منی که حاوی اسپرم است.
semen

اصطلاحات مربوط به اعضای تولید مثل خارجی

عضو تولید مثل مردان penis

کلمه ی ریشه ای و به معنی آلت تناسلی مردان است.
phallo

اجسام غاری Corpus cavernosum

کمی اسپرم oligospermia

آماس / ورم بیضه orchitis

اختناق و فشردگی پرپوس دور آلت تناسلی در پشت
glans penis parahimosis

آماس و تورم آلت تناسلی phallitis

phimosis اختناق و فشردگی پرپوس دور آلت تناسلی که به طرف
کشیده نشود.glans penis phimosis

آماس و تورم پروستات prostatitis

بیرون زدگی اپی دیدیم که حاوی اسپرم می باشد.
spermatocele

قطره قطره ریختن ادرار و دردناک بودن آن
strangury

تومور بیضه که از نسج های گوناگون ساخته شده است.
teratoma

پیچش بیضه در داخل اسکروتوم
Testicular torsion

آماس ورید های بیضه و متورم و برجسته شدن آن ها
varicocele

بیماری های آمیزشی Venereal diseases

اصطلاحات مربوط به تشخیص و درمان
اصطلاحات مربوط به تشخیص و درمان

ختنه / عمل جراحی و بریدن دور پرپوس
circumcision

بریدن و ایجاد سوراخ بزرگتر در مجرای ادرار
meatotomy

Orchiopexy/ orchidopexy
پایین آوردن بیضه ی اکتوپیک و ثابت کردن آن در اسکروتوم Orchiopexy/ orchidopexy

برداشتن یک یا هر دو بیضه orchiectomy

قطع و برداشتن پروستات prostatectomy

برداشتن اسپرماتوسل spermatocelectomy

برداشتن قسمتی از وازدفران( مجرای دافق)
vasectomy

کلمه ی ریشه ای و به معنی glans penis می باشد. balano

دستگاه تولید مثل زنان

کلمه ی ریشه ای و به معنی زن می باشد.
Gyne/ gyneco

کلمه ی ریشه ای و به معنی واژن می باشد.
colpo

نام دیگر واژن می باشد و به معنی کانال و مجرای تولد است.
Birth canal

منطقه ای در اطراف و بالای واژن که گردن رحم از آن بیرون می زند.
منطقه ای در اطراف و بالای واژن که گردن رحم از آن بیرون می زند. fornix

شروع یا مدخل واژن introitus

کلمه ی ریشه ای و به معنی رحم است.
hyster

کلمه ی ریشه ای و به معنی رحم است.
metro

کلمه ی عامیانه و به معنی رحم است.
womb

رباط های نگه دارنده ی رحم
ligament

دهانه و گردن رحم cervix

جسم رحم body

قسمت بالای رحم fundus

External uterine orifice
سوراخ دهانه ی گردن رحم External uterine orifice

لایه ی عضلانی رحم myometrium

پوشش داخلی رحم endometrium

فضای بین دیواره ی قدامی رکتوم و دیواره ی خلفی رحم
Rectouterine pouch

دوره ی عادت ماهیانه Menstrual cycle

خون ریزی ماهانه از واژن menstruation

خونریزی ماهانه menses

کلمه ی عامیانه به معنی خونریزی ماهانه است.
The period

موقع شروع عادت ماهانه menarche

یائسگی menopause

لوله های رحمی و تخم دان ها
adnexa

کلمه ی ریشه ای و به معنی لوله ی رحم است.
salpingo

لوله های رحم oviduct

کلمه ی ریشه ای به معنای تخمدان است.
oophor

تخمدان ovary

حفره ی کوچکی در تخمدان که تخمک در آن ایجاد می شود.
Ovarian follicle

ایجاد تخمک oogenesis

تخمک ovum

تخمک گذاری ovulation

لقاح fertilization

لانه گزینی تخم implantation

تخمک بارور شده oosperm

اصطلاحات مربوط به آبستنی
اصطلاحات مربوط به آبستنی

آبستن شدن conceive

آبستن شدن conception

حاملگی pregnancy

زمان قبل از تولد antenatal

زمان آبستنی Gestation period

آبستنی و حاملگی gravid

جنین embryo

جنین از زمان تمایز اعضا تا زمان تولد
fetus

جفت placenta

طناب نافی Umbilical cord

پرده ی جنینی Fetal membrane

کیسه ی آمنیوتیک که کیسه ی آب هم گفته می شود که در داخل آن مایع آمنیوتیک وجود دارد.
Amniotic sac

اصطلاحات مربوط به زایمان

کلمه ی ریشه ای و به معنای زائیدن است.
para

زایمان labor

آزاد شدن نوزاد از مادر( وضع حمل)
delivery

نام عامی جفت و پرده های جنینی
afterbirth

انقباض عضلات رحم contraction

اتساع و بازشدن گردن رحم Dilation of the cervix

عمل زایمان parturition

زمان بلافاصله بعد از تولد
postpartum

نوزاد neonate

ترشحات بعد از زایمان lochia

اصطلاحات مربوط به ژنیکولوژی

عدم تخمک گذاری anovulation

آماس دهانه ی رحم cervicitis

برآمدگی دیواره ی مثانه در واژن
cytocele

آماس پوشش داخلی دهانه ی رحم
endocervitis

وجود نسج آندومتر در قسمت های دیگر حفره ی لگن
endometriosis

تومور نسج عضلانی و فیبری رحم
fibriomyoma

نازایی و ناباروری infertility

ریزش موکوس سفید از واژن leukorrhea

اختلالات قاعدگی Menstrual disorders

نبود قاعدگی amenorrhea

قاعدگی دردناک dysmenorrhea

کمی خون قاعدگی hypomenorrhea

زیادی خون قاعدگی menorrhagia

ریزش خون از رحم در فواصل نامنظم
metrorrhagia

کمی خون قاعدگی و کم شدن تواتر و تعداد دفعات قاعدگی
oligomenorrhea

Postmenopausal bleeding
برگشت خون ریزی بعد از یائسگی Postmenopausal bleeding

وجود کیست های متعدد حاوی مایع در تخمدان
Polycystic ovary

پایین افتادگی رحم Prolapsed uterus

برآمدگی دیواره ی رکتوم در داخل واژن
rectocele

پرده ی بکارت سخت و سفت Rigid hymen

تنگی سوراخ پرده ی بکارت Stenosis of the hymen

نازایی و ناباروری sterility

به عقب خم شدن رحم Uterine retroflexion

اسپاسم دردناک دیواره ی واژن
vaginismus

عقیم کردن sterilization

برداشتن واژن colpectomy

بستن واژن با بخیه colpocleisis

ترمیم دیواره ی قدامی یا خلفی واژن
colporrhaphy

نمونه برداری از آندومتررحم
Endometrial biopsy

برداشتن رحم hysterectomy

برداشتن تخمدان oopherectomy

برداشتن لوله های رحم salpingectomy

salpingooopherectomy
برداشتن تخمدان و لوله های رحم salpingooopherectomy

ترمیم جراحی لوله های رحم
salpingorrhaphy

بروز ناگهانی تشنج و کما در زن حامله
ecalmpsia

حاملگی خارج از رحم Ectopic pregnancy

Hyper emesis gravidarum
استفراغ زیاد در زمان حاملگی Hyper emesis gravidarum

جفت سر راهی Placenta previa

چند زا multipara

زایمان زودرس Premature labor

زایمان با تولد نوزاد مرده
stillborn

سقط abortion

بریدن رحم برای بیرون آوردن بچه
hysterotomy

تولد بچه از راه واژن ، زایمان طبیعی
Vaginal delivery

تمرين 3/ صفحه ی 178 کتاب درسی

The presence of pus in the urine
Pyuria

A gland with both testicular and ovarian aspects
ovotestis

A surgical cut in the perineum ( the area between the vagina and anus)
episiotomy

The area between the vagina and the anus
perineum

A female sexual organ homologous to penis
clitoris

The surgical removal of the foreskin
circumcision

Inflammation of the uterus and of one or both fallopian tubes
metrosalpinginitis

The process of inserting a catheter
catheterization

An x-ray of the kidney and ureters
pyelogram

Bleeding of or near the uterus
hematometra

Inflammation of the ovary and oviduct
oophorosalpingitis

hysterolaparatomy

Inflammation of the head of penis
balanitis

Intravenous pyelogram
An x-ray of the kidney and urinary tract Intravenous pyelogram

Contrast material is injected into the uterus from an endoscope in the bladder
Retrograde pyelogram

Displacement of the kidney
nephroptosis

Dilation of the bronchus and pelvic cavity of the kidney
hydronephrosis

Hardening of the kidney
nephrosclerosis

Dilation of the ureter uretrectasis

urethroblennorrhea

The removal of stone from the urinary bladder
cystolithectomy

Fixation of a floating or mobile kidney
nephropexy

Insufficient spermatozoa in the semen
oligospermia

Painful menstruation dysmenorrhea

Excision of a vesicle vesiculectomy

Surgery to bring down an undescendeed testicle
orchipexy

Cervicoplasty = plastic surgery of the neck of the uterus
tracheoplasty

Inflammation of uterine veins usually after childbirth
metrophlebitis

Painful or difficult urination
dysuria

Suture of the urethra urethrorrhaphy

The xenix is a greasy substance which covers on fetus in utero
The xenix is a greasy substance which covers on fetus in utero.It protects the fetus’s skin Vernix caseosa

Nephritis marked by inflammation of the glumeruli of the kidney
glumerulonephritis

Inflammation of the cellular tissue around the kidney
perinephritis

Accumulation of pus in the ureter
ureteropyosis

The presence of renal cylinders or cast in the uterine
cylindruria

Absence of urine output
anuria

Softening of the kidney
nephromalacia

Enlargement of the kidney
nephromegaly

Presence of abnormally large amount of uric acid in the urine
uraturia

The power of keeping urine
retention

The death of an area of tissue in the kidney due to lack of oxygen
Renal infarction

Kidney disease nephrosis

Cancerous tumor of the kidney in children
adenomyosarcoma

The most common type of kidney cancer
Renal cell carinoma

Rupture of the ureter uretrolysis

Stricture of the ureter
uretrostenosis

Pain in the urethra urethralgia

Dialysis of the blood to remove toxic substances or metabolic wastes from the bloodstream
hemodialysis

Formation of an opening into kidney pelvis
pyelostomy

Surgical creation of a new channel joining a renal pelvis to a ureter
uretropyeloneostomy

pyelocystostomosis

The inspection of the interior of the bladder by means of cystoscope
cystoscopy

Pipeline which runs from the testicle toward the penis
Spermatic cords

The mucous membrane that line sthe uterus
endometrium

The smooth muscle forming the wall of the uterus
myometrium

The monthly discharge of blood from the uterus
menstruation

Pregnancy resulting from the gestation elsewhere than the uterus
Ectopic pregnancy

A membrane surrounding the fetus during pregnancy
amnion

endoderm The innermost of the three primary germ layers of the embryo
Ectoderm Mesoderm endoderm endoderm

A growing baby after 8 months of development
fetus

A stone in the urinary tract
Urinary calculus

Obstruction of the flow of the urine through the urethra
urethremphraxis

An imaging technique in which a renal cortex –localizing radiopharmoceutical is injected
Renal scan

In animals with three tissue layers (i. e
In animals with three tissue layers (i.e. all except sponges and cnidarians), the middle layer of tissue, between the ectoderm and the endoderm. In vertebrates, for instance, the mesoderm forms the skeleton, muscles, heart, spleen, and many other internal organs. mesoderm

The cell resulting from the fusion of the male and female gametes (the fertilized egg)
zygote

The navel umbilicus

A growing baby before 8 weeks of development
embryo

A veneral contagious disease caused by the bacterium
gonorrhea

Common fungal infection
Genital candidiasis

Genital herpes Herpes genitalis

pseudohermaphroditism
Congenital condition in which a person has external genitalis of one sex and internal sex organ of the other sex pseudohermaphroditism

The presence of more than 2 nipples
polythelia

The presence of more than 2 mammary glands or nipples
polymastia

A malformation caused by the underdevelopment of cells, tissues or organs
Hypoplasia of sevix

Failure of one or both of the testes to descend
cryptorchism

Painful menstruation dysmenorrhea

Excessive development of breast in males
gynecomastia

A toxic condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma during or immediately after pregnancy eclampsia

Pregnancy in which placenta is implanted in the lower part of the uterus ( instead of the upper part) Placenta previa

Excessive uterine bleeding
menometrorrhagia

The sudden unplanned evacuation of the uterus
Spontaneous abortion

Surgical removal of the uterus
hysterectomy

vagionfixation colpopexy

Computerized axial tomography
An x-ray examination performed to examine the inside of the uterus and fallopian tubes Computerized axial tomography

Method that uses high frequency sound waves to provide a picture of the inside of the body
ultrasonography

Radiography of the amniotic sac
amniography

Surgical reconstruction of the scrotum
scrotoplasty

Ovariotomy / oophorectomy
The operation of removing one or both of the ovaries Ovariotomy / oophorectomy

تمرين 3 / صفحه ي 190

An uncommon type of diabetes disorder marked by extreme thirst and heavy urination
Diabetes insipidus

Bulging eyes exophthalmus

General ill health and faulty diet ( linked to TB or cancer)
cachexia

A loss of appetite ( resulting in the patient not being able to eat)
anorexia

An overgrown thyroid gland ( seen in the neck)
goiter

Overactivity of one or more of the four parathyroid glands
hyperparathyroidism

Having too much thirst polydipsia

A condition with cramps, convulsion , twitching of the muscles
tetany

glossectomy / lingulectomy
Excision or amputation of the tongue glossectomy / lingulectomy

Removal of the pineal body
pinealectomy

Pituitary gonadotropin test
Any gonadotropin of hypophysical origin Pituitary gonadotropin test

A type of chest surgery in which a lobe of a lung is removed
lobectomy

Removal of one or both adrenal glands or part of the gland
adrenalectomy

Any of the largest group of cancers of the brain
Glioma of pineal gland

Virilizing adenoma of adrenal gland
The development or premature development of male secondary sexual characteristics caused by male sex hormones excessively by adrenal glands Virilizing adenoma of adrenal gland

Dehydroepiandrosterone test
A steroid secreted by the adrenal cortex but also by testicles Dehydroepiandrosterone test

Estrogen receptor test
Test if cancer cells have estrogen receptors ( proteins to which estrogen will bind) Estrogen receptor test

A test of a chemical in the brain that controls mood and appetite
Catecholamine test

A disorder of thyroid gland
thyropathy

The development of male secondary sexual characteristics in female
virilism

Adrenocortical hyperfunction
Is due to hyperplasia ( enlargement of both adrenal) Adrenocortical hyperfunction

A genetic abnormality resulting in short stature
dwarfism

Adiposogenital dystrophy
A disorder characterized by adiposity of the feminine type, genital hypoplasia, changes in secondary sex characters, and metabolic disturbances; seen with lesions of the hypothalamus. Adiposogenital dystrophy

Enlargement of the bones of hands and feet and face
acromegaly

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Enlargement of adrenal glands Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

تمرین 2 صفحه ی 210

A round bundle of nerve fibers that crosses the midline of the brain
Anterior commissure

The middle of the 3 membranes that c over the spinal cord and brain
arachnoid

the portion of the colon between the ileocecal orifice and the right colic flexure.
Ascending colon

One of the brain cells that supports the nervous tissue
astrocyte

Any structure that resembles a horn in shape
cornu

The large bundle of fiber linking the left and right cerebral hemisphere
Corpus callosum

The outermost of the 3 membranes that cover the spinal cord and brain
Dura mater

The part of diencephalons
epithalamus

A group of chemicals produced in the brain that reduces pain
endorphins

Large opening in the back of the skull
Foramen magnum

The two innermost layers of the meninges
Lepto/meninges

the limbic system exerts an important influence on the endocrine and autonomic motor systems; its functions also appear to affect motivational and mood states. Limbic system

A membrane lining the canal of the spinal cord and the ventricles of the brain
ependyma

Immune cells from inside the CNS
Micro/glia

A chemical released by neurons
Neuro/transmitt/er

A class of neurological cells in the CNS
Oligo/denroglia

The crossing of the optic nerves from 2 eyes at the base of the brain
Optic chiasma

Dura mater Pachy/meninx

The median lobe or division of the cerebellum
vermis

The main stem of a nerve Nerve trunk

The delicate outermost membrane of the myelin sheath
neurilemma

A short interval in the myelin sheath of a nerve fiber
Raniver’s node

A group of end organs of sensory neurons
receptors

Involuntary response to a stimulus
Reflex action

A region where nerve impulses are transmitted and received
synapse

Terminal branches of an artery
Terminal twigs

Abducent Abducting Away from the midline abducens

Related to the female external genital organ
pudendal

A parasympathetic and sensory nerve
Naso/palatine nerve

The nerve of the bone of the forearm
Ulnar nerve

A nerve that arises by 2 coats from the brachial plexus and passes down the middle of the front of the arm Median nerve

A large nerve that arises from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus
Radial nerve

A terminal division of the sciatic nerve
Peroneal nerve

The longest branch of the femoral nerve
Saphen/ous nerve

The largest branch of the lumbar plexus
Femor/al nerve

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
A nerve that arises from the lumbar plexus Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

Pterygopalatine ganglion
An autonomic ganglion of the maxillary nerve Pterygopalatine ganglion

A small parasympathetic ganglion associated with mandibular nerve
Optic ganglion

A small autonomic ganglion in the nasociliary branch of the ophthalmic nerve
Cili/ary ganglion

Sensory ganglion of the trigeminal nerve
Trigeminal ganglion

Supra/trochle/ar nerve
A branch of the nerve applying the skin of the forehead and the upper lid Supra/trochle/ar nerve

Infra/trochle/ar nerve
A branch of the nerve applying the skin of the eyes and the rest of the nose Infra/trochle/ar nerve

A branch of the nerve applying the skin of the cheek near the angle of the mouth
Buccal nerve

Meningo/myeloradiculitis
1. Inflammation of the spinal cord and nerve roots Meningo/myeloradiculitis

Meningo/encephalo/myel/itis
Inflammation of the brain, spinal cord together with their membranes Meningo/encephalo/myel/itis

Pachy/lepto/meningitis
Inflammation of the membranes of the brain and the spinal cord Pachy/lepto/meningitis

Inflammation of both muscles and nerves
Neuro/myos/itis

Neuroitis due to amebiasis ( infection by a disease causing ameba)
Neuro/amebia/sis

Polio/myelo/encephal/itis
Acute anterior pyelomyelitis with encephalitis Polio/myelo/encephal/itis

An acute viral disease marked by inflammation of nerve cells of the brain stem and spinal cord
Polio/myel/itis

Inflammation of the many or all of the peropheral nerves ( as in leprosy)
Poly/neur/itis

Protrusion of part of cranial contents
Cephalo/cele

Congenital fissure of the skull and vertebral column
Cranio/rachschisis

Congenital anomaly with imperfect development of the brain
Atel/encephal/ia

Defective development of the spinal cord
Atelo/myel/ia

Softness or degeneration of brain tissue
Encephalo/malacia

Intra/crani/al hemo/rrhage
The escape of blood through the skull Intra/crani/al hemo/rrhage

Sub/dur/al hemo/rrhage sub/dural hemat/oma
Extravasation of blood between the dural and arachnoidal membrane Sub/dur/al hemo/rrhage sub/dural hemat/oma

A sensation predicting an attack of migraine or epilepsy ( as of lights or a current of warm or cold air) aura

Loss of ability to speak
speechlessness a/phas/ia

A defect of speech ( using wrong words)
Para/phas/ia

Partial paralysis, especially of the lower limbs
Para/paresis

A common neurologic disease
Parkinson’s disease

Any of the several diseases of the nervous system ( involuntary movements of the face and extremities) chorea

A state of prolonged unconsciousness
coma

To remove the cerebrum De/cerebr/ation

Brady/lalia brady/arthr/ia
Abnormal slowness of/in speech Brady/lalia brady/arthr/ia

Paralysis of the identical part on both sides of the body
Dip/leg/ia

Difficulty or abnormality in performing voluntary muscular movements
Dys/kines/ia

dementia Pick’s disease

Progressive bulbar paralysis
The progressive atrophy and paralysis of the muscles of tongue, lips, palate, pharynx, larynx Progressive bulbar paralysis

Wernicke’s disease

Painful sensation in response to a touch
Hyper/path/ia

Any of various tumors of nerve tissue
Neuro/cyt/oma

A condition characterized by frequent and uncontrollable periods of sleep
Narco/lepsy

A chronic degenerative disease of CNS marked by patchy destruction of the myelin that surrounds and insulates nerve fibers Multiple sclero/sis

Syndrome marked by : sinking of the eyeball; contraction of the pupil ; drooping of the upper lid ; vasodilatation ; anhidrosis of the face caused by paralysis of cervical sympathetic nerve fibers Horner’s syndrome

A rare form of cancer marked by tumors made up of large cells with 2 or 3 nuclei
Astro/blast/oma

Meningo/fibroblast/oma
A tumor of connective tissue, or fibroblastic, cells ( of the meninges) Meningo/fibroblast/oma

Operative crushing of a nerve
Neuro/tripsy

a graphical image of the brain produced by an echoencephalograph
Echo/encephalo/gram

Darkfield examination/microscope
one so constructed that illumination is from the side of the field so that details appear light against a dark background. Darkfield examination/microscope

Cerebr/al angio/graphy
Radiography of the vascular system of the brain after injection of a contrast medium Cerebr/al angio/graphy

Pneumo/encephalo/graphy
Radiographic visualization of the cerebral ventricles by injection of air or other gas Pneumo/encephalo/graphy

Depression in physiology and medicine refers to a lowering, in particular a reduction in a particular biological variable or the function of an organ. It is in contrast to elevation depression

Unnatural constant hunger
Bulimia / hyperphagia

a cover term for a variety of mental disorders in which severe anxiety is a salient symptom
Anxiety disorder

An uncontrollable outburst of emotion or fear
Hyster/ia

Of a physical symptom or disease thought to arise from emotional or mental factors. The term `psychosomatic` has been applied to many conditions, including asthma, migraine, hypertension, and peptic ulcers. Whereas it is unlikely that these and other conditions are wholly due to psychological factors, emotional states such as anxiety or d... Psycho/somat/ic

An irrational, pathological, or abnormal fear of snakes or other reptiles
Ophidio/phob/ia

Baseless suspicion of the motives of others
Parano/ia

A brain disorder associated with heavy drinking over a long period
Koraskoff’s syndrome

Schizophrenia is a condition where an individual suffers disturbances to their thinking, perception, affect (mood, or how one feels) and behaviour Schizophren/ia

Lack of response to others, limited ability to communication
Aut/ism

Impaired ability to read
a/lex/ia

Psychiatry . the replacement of a gap in a person's memory by a falsification that he or she believes to be true. confabulation

Psychiatry . a disorder occurring in children and adolescents, characterized by excessive activity, extreme restlessness, impulsivity, and a short attention span. Hyper/kine/sis

a person who derives sexual pleasure from whipping or being whipped by another person.
Flagellant/ism

copulation with a member of the same sex.
sodomy

a delusional mental illness in which a person believes himself or herself to be God or specially chosen by God, as to found a religious order. Theo/mania

the practice, especially of men, of wearing clothing usually associated with the opposite sex for psychological gratification. Transvest/ism

is characterized by an appetite for substances largely non-nutritive (such as clay or chalk).
pica

pica Pica is most common in people with developmental disabilities, including autism and mental retardation, and in children between the ages of 2 and 3. Pica also may surface in children who've had a brain injury affecting their development. It can also be a problem for some pregnant women, as well as people with epilepsy. People with pica frequently crave and consume nonfood items such as: dirt * ice Clay * glue paint chips * hair plaster *buttons chalk * paper cornstarch * sand laundry starch * toothpaste baking soda * soap coffee grounds cigarette ashes burnt match heads cigarette butts feces ice

the practice of obtaining sexual gratification by looking at sexual objects or acts, especially secretively. Voyeur/ism

Electro/convuls/ive therapy
a treatment for serious mental illnesses, as severe depressive disorders, involving the application to the head of electric current in order to induce a seizure: usually administered after sedatives and muscle relaxants. Abbreviation: ECT Electro/convuls/ive therapy

Anti/psychot/ic drugs
Tranquilizers used to treat psychotic conditions Anti/psychot/ic drugs

Anti/depress/ant drugs
Drugs used to treat depression Anti/depress/ant drugs

Pharmacological methods of treatment

Therapy by correction of a person’s undesirable behavior
Behavior therapy

a form of therapy for depression in which the goal is to diminish symptoms by correcting distorted thinking based on negative self-perceptions and expectations. Cognitive theory

Psycho/analytic therapy
the application of psychoanalytic theory in clinical practice. Its purpose is to access, and bring to the patients' conscious awareness, the cause of their problem thought to be lying in their unconscious. How? Interpretation of dreams, free association, hypnosis/regression transference etc. Psycho/analytic therapy

Client-centered therapy
The client determines the forms and the focus of the therapy Client-centered therapy

Agents that are used to treat bipolar disorders or mania associated with other affective disorders
Anti/manic drugs

Absence or suppression of passion, emotion, or excitement
a/pathy

is a nervous condition characterized by muscular rigidity and fixity of posture regardless of external stimuli, as well as decreased sensitivity to pain. Catalepsy is also a term used by hypnotists to refer to the state of making a hypnotised subject`s arm, leg or back rigid catalepsy

A cerebral disorder characterized by total or partial inability to write
a/graph/ia

The contaminant of ammonia in the blood
Serum ammonia

the operation of cutting into a lobe, as of the brain or the lung.
Lobo/tomy

Hemi craniectomy hemi craniotomy
Separation and reflection of the greater part or all of one half of the cranium, as a preliminary to an operation upon the brain. Hemi craniectomy hemi craniotomy

صفحه 227

Men= monthماه ( سی روز) Dysmenorrheaاختلال در ترشح ماهانه ی زنان
Menorrhagiaخون روش زیاد ماهانه Menometrorrhagiaخون ریزی رحم در هنگام عادت ماهانه و یا در بین دو دوره عادت ماهانه Menopauseیائسگی / قطع عادت ماهانه ( قاعدگی) به دلیل افزایش سن Men= monthماه ( سی روز)

Mening = membraneغشاء ، پوسته
Encephalomeningitisالتهاب غشاء ( پوسته ی) مغز Mening = membraneغشاء ، پوسته

Mer= partقسمت Mergonyرشد قسمتی از تخمک
Meromicrosomiaکوچکی بیش از حد بعضی از قسمت های بدن Mer= partقسمت

Miss/mittent = sendفرستادن
Transmissionسرایت / انتقال بیماری از فردی به فرد دیگر Miss/mittent = sendفرستادن

Mne = rememberبه خاطر آوردن
Mnemonicsتوسعه و اصلاح حافظه Mne = rememberبه خاطر آوردن

Nos = diseaseبیماری Nosologyدانش طبقه بندی بیماری ها
Nosopoieticآنچه باعث بیماری می شود ، عامل بیماری زا Nosohemiaبیماری خونی Nos = diseaseبیماری

Phac / phak = lensعدسی Phacoceleبیرون زدگی عدسی چشم
Phacitisالتهاب عدسی چشم Phacocystitisالتهاب کپسول عدسی چشم Phacoerysisخارج نمودن عدسی چشم در بیماری آب مروارید به وسیله ی دستگاه مکنده Phac / phak = lensعدسی

Phleg / phlog = burn, inflame التهاب ، تب ، سوختن
Phlegmasiaالتهاب همراه با تب Phlegmonالتهاب بافت های زیر جلدی Phlogticالتهابی Phleg / phlog = burn, inflame التهاب ، تب ، سوختن

Phos / phot = lightنور Phosgenicمولد نور ، تولید کردن نور
Photodermatitisالتهاب پوستی ناشی از تابش نور Photoallergyحساسیت به نور Photalgiaدرد و ناراحتی حاصل از تابش نور به چشم Phos / phot = lightنور

Phrag = fence, wall offدیواره ، حصار
Diaphragmدیواره عضلانی که ناحیه ی قفسه ی سینه را از ناحیه ی شکم جدا می کند Phrag = fence, wall offدیواره ، حصار

Phylac = guardمحافظ Phylaxisمقابله با عفونت ، دفاع بدن در برابر عفونت
Prophylactodontistمتخصص پیشگیری امراض دهان و دندان Prophylaxisپیشگیری از امراض Phylac = guardمحافظ

Poie = make, produceساختن ، تولید کردن

Pontis/ pont/ pons = bridgeپُل
Pontocerebularپلی مخچه ای Pontis/ pont/ pons = bridgeپُل

Prosop = faceصورت Prosopodiplegiaفلج دو طرف صورت
Prosoponeuralgiaدرد در ناحیه ی عصب صورت Prosopospasmگرفتگی و انقباض ماهیچه ی صورت Prosoposternodyniaنوزاد های دو قلو ی عجیب الخلقه ای که از ناحیه ی صورت و جناغ سینه به هم متصل باشند Prosop = faceصورت

Punct = prickسوراخ کردن
Cranial punctureسوراخ کردن و بیرون کشیدن مایع از جمجمه Lumbar puncture سوراخ کردن و بیرون کشیدن مایع از کمر Punct = prickسوراخ کردن

Pur = pusچرک ، عفونت Purulenceعفونت ، چرک Purulentعفونی ، چرکین
Puruloidشبیه چرک و عفونت Pur = pusچرک ، عفونت

Pyr = fireآتش ، حرارت Pyretogenesisمنشأ تب Pyerototherapyتب درمانی
Pyrexiaتب Pyretogenicتب زا ، تب آور Pyretotyphosisهذیان گویی ناشی از تب Pyr = fireآتش ، حرارت

Rachi = spineستون فقرات ، پشت
Encephalorachidianمغزی نخاعی Rachiocentesisسوراخ کردن ستون مهره ها برای خارج کردن مایع نخاعی Rachiodyniaدرد ستون فقرات Rachiopagusدوقلوهایی که از ناحیه ی پشت به هم چسبیده باشند Rachioparalysisفلج عضلات ستون فقرات Rachiometerوسیله ای برای اندازه گیری انحنای ستون فقرات Rachi = spineستون فقرات ، پشت

Rot = wheelچرخ ، چرخش Rotationچرخش Rotatorماهیچه ی چرخنده ( گردنده)
Rotativeگرداننده Rot = wheelچرخ ، چرخش

Sial = saliva بزاق Sialoadenitisالتهاب غده ی بزاقی
Sialoaeorophagyفربردن هوا و بزاق Sialographyعکسبرداری از مجاری و غدد بزاقی Sialolithسنگ بزاقی Saliostenosisتنگی مجاری بزاقی Sialorrheaترشح زیاد بزاق Sialosisریزش بزاق Sial = saliva بزاق

Spectr = appearanceظهور ، پیدایش
Spectroscopyطیف نمایی Spectrophobiaترس از نگاه کردن درآینه Spectaclesعینک Spectrometryطیف سنجی Spectr = appearanceظهور ، پیدایش

Hemisphereنیم کره Spher = ballتوپ ، کُره

Sphygm = pulsationضربان ، نبض
Sphygmicضربانی ، مربوط به ضربان Sphygmoscopeوسیله ای برای بررسی ضربان (نبض) Sphygmologyبررسی و مطالعه ی علمی ضربان Sphygm = pulsationضربان ، نبض

Spirate = breatheنفس ، نفس کشیدن
Spirometerدستگاهی برای اندازه گیری مقدار هوای دم و بازدم Inspirationدم Expirationبازدم Spirate = breatheنفس ، نفس کشیدن

Sporontتک یاخته ی بالغ در دوره ی زندگی جنسی Sporulationهاگ گذاری
Sporoagglutinationچسبندگی هاگ ها به یک دیگر Spor = seedدانه ، هاگ

Stearodermiaبیماری ناشی از ترشح غدد چربی زیر پوست
Stear = fat چربی

Protective پوشش دهنده ، محافظت کننده
Tect / teg = cover پوشش

Toc = childbirthزایمان ، بدنیا آوردن بچه
Dystociaزایمان مشکل ، اختلال در زایمان Toc = childbirthزایمان ، بدنیا آوردن بچه

Toxemiaوجود سم در خون Tox = poisonسَم

Traumat = woundزخم ، جراحت
Traumatherapyشاخه ای از جراحی که به معالجه ی زخم ها و جراحت ها مربوط است Traumatologistمتخصص درمان زخم ها و جراحت ها Traumat = woundزخم ، جراحت

Tuber = swelling / nodeتورم ، برجستگی ، گره

Typhlectasisاتساع روده ی کور Typhylolexiaناتوانی در دیدن کلمات
Typhl =1. روده ی کور نابینایی ، کوری a combining form meaning 'referring to the cecum.' 2. a combining form meaning 'referring to blindness.' Typhlectasisاتساع روده ی کور Typhylolexiaناتوانی در دیدن کلمات

Vit = lifeحیات ، زندگــی
Vitalحیاتی Vitaminویتامین : عامل ضروری رشد و نمو بدن Vit = lifeحیات ، زندگــی

Zym = fermentخمیر مایه Zymocyte موجودی ذره بینی که موجب تخمیر می شود
Zymologyتخمیر شناسی Zymoscopeدستگاهی جهت سنجش قدرت تخمیری خمیر ترش Zym = fermentخمیر مایه

واژه شناسی پزشکی.

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واژه شناسی پزشکی.

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