1. WWII = World War Two

2. Appeasement Policy of Britain & France
1938 The Appeasement policy of England & France was done to avoid war with Germany.
Germany annexed the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia.
Munich Conference Czechoslovakian Government was forced to hand over the region of Sudetenland to Germany.
British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain “…I think we have found peace in our time.”

3. FDR brings US into War
Lend – Lease Act help Britain & others at war with Germany FDR “lend and or Lease war materials” to Europe & England. By passing Congress.
December 7th, Pearl Harbor
Command Economy- US
Rosie the Riveter
Yalta Conference division of post war Germany. War crimes trials of Nazis- Nuremburg Trials

5. Arsenal of Democracy
FDR wants America to be the arsenal of democracy so America could assist the Allied nations.
Neutrality Acts-
Lend-Lease Act-
America wants to stop Totalitarian aggression

6. Japan & America
America attempts to restrict Japan’s growth and Imperialist power in Asia & throughout the Pacific.
Japan = Pan Asianism
Rape of Nanking= Dec 1937 Atrocities against Chinese civilians.
1920’s US Oil Embargo against Japan because of Japanese Totalitarian aggression throughout the Pacific, China, Korea and Asia

7. Japanese Atrocities
Rape of Nanking- Japanese Army atrocities in China- 20, ,000 Chinese women were sexually assaulted by Japanese Army 1,000’s of civilians massacred. Babies killed.
Comfort Women--Chinese Women were kept as sex slaves for any Japanese soldier
Japan Annexes Korea -Korean comfort women

8. Interment of Japanese Americans
Executive order # 9066
120,000 men, women, and children were rounded up on the West Coast. Three categories of internees were created: Nisei (native U.S. citizens of Japanese immigrant parents), Issei (Japanese immigrants), and Kibei (native U.S. citizens educated largely in Japan). The internees were transported to one of 10 relocation centers in California, Utah, Arkansas, Arizona, Idaho, Colorado, and Wyoming.

9. Korematsu v. United States
necessary to protect the country -federal appeals court agreed with FDR-- Korematsu appealed this --the U.S. Supreme Court--agreed with government … the need to protect the country was a greater priority than the individual rights of the Japanese and Japanese Americans.
Executive order # 9066

10. US WWII Wartime relocation Authority- D-Day June 6th, 1944
Atomic Bomb-German scientists r used-- Robert Oppenheimer
May 8, 1945 V-E Day
President Truman’s Tough decision- Use the Atomic Bomb on Japan
The Enola Gay– Drops the atom bomb on Hiroshima August 6, & Nagasaki August 9, 1945

11. US WWII
May 8, 1945 V-E Day
President Truman’s great decision-The Atomic Bomb on Japan
The Enola Gay– Drops the atom bomb on Hiroshima August 6, & Nagasaki August 9, 1945

13. Korematsu
"As long as my record stands in federal court, any American citizen can be held in prison or concentration camps without trial or hearing. I would like to see the government admit they were wrong and do something about it, so this will never happen again to any American citizen of any race, creed, or color." —Fred Korematsu (1983), on his decision to again challenge his conviction 40 years later 

14. Cash & carry
FDR uses the Cash & Carry policy of the Lend-Lease Act to provide support for the allies in WWII w/o entering the war.

15. The USS Indianapolis
,196 people on board ship, a Japanese sub torpedoes the Indianapolis-- only 316 out of 800 who survived the sinking survived the shark attacks during 4 days adrift in the Pacific Ocean.

16. Women in WWII Women’s Air Corp- Industrial workers “Rosie the Riveter”
Black Americans in WWII = Segregated Armed services
President Truman desegregates the US armed forces in 1948
Native Americans in WWII

17. Nisei = Japanese American soldiers
442nd Infantry Regiment

18. US WWII April 12, 1945 FDR= dies The Manhattan Project-1943
Truman uses the Atomic bomb- Hiroshima August 6, 1945 Nagasaki August 9th, 1945
Returning GI’s = GI Bill of rights
Churchill “iron curtain speech
Baby Boom generation

19. Rosie the Riveter

20. US ignores the Holocaust???
1939- the ship St.Louis 900 Jewish refugees left Europe for Cuba- not allowed-go to NYC Harbor not allowed back to Germany to the Concentration camps
Holocaust or War?? Bomb the RxR tracks to the Death-camps or the RxR lines that supply the German’s war effort???

21. Wartime Allied Conferences
FDR, Churchill and Stalin meet many times during WWII- 3 important conferences are:
1941 Atlantic Charter Meeting- post war planning of the world
1945 Yalta Conference- plan trials for war criminals, divide Germany into spheres of Allied influence.
1945 Potsdam Truman, Stalin & Churchill meet. Warn japan to surrender or face utter destruction.

22. Atlantic Charter Meeting 1941
principles of freedom that would guide America & Great Britain-- the 2 western democracies-- in the conduct of their international relations during WWII and after the war. Stalin was not here only Churchill & FDR

23. Atlantic Charter meeting
Atlantic ocean off of Canada, 1941

24. Yalta conference

25. WWII Final Days in Europe
D-Day June 6th 1944
Allies begin a Massive naval landing, Normandy France
Push Germany out of France from the coast and Soviets from the East push Germany from the East
April, 1945 Hitler commits suicide
Germany surrenders VE-Day

26. After WWII
The Cold War = a freeze in relations between Soviets & US –everything but actual war
1947-Truman Doctrine-Fight Soviet expansion & Contain it!! Soviets close off Berlin aka-Berlin Blockade –Soviets bloc all access to City of Berlin.
1948 Berlin Airlift-Allies fly in food etc.,
Marshall Plan-$$ aid to Re-build Germany & Europe

27. Nuremburg Trials 1946-
Allies put on Trial many high-ranking Nazi officials Nazis
crimes against humanity= Holocaust = final solution
2. waging aggressive war
3. committing civilian atrocities

28. Pacific War Wii US Strategy = Island Hopping
Gen MacArthur commander of all Pacific forces
Famous Battles- Marines = Iwo Jima, Guadal Canal,
Marines raise the flag on Iwo

29. Iconic images from Iwo Jima south Pacific

30. Navajo Code Talkers
Used Native language in code to direct fire missions against Japanese forces
Japanese could not figure out the code
Helped win war in Pacific

31. General MacArthur
American Caesar

32. General MacArthur’s career
West point
WWI, WWII & Korea
WWII – General of the Army & Supreme commander = rebuilds Japan on a democracy.
President Truman fires Macarthur for not following orders in Korean war
Truman wants to contain Communism & Macarthur wants to destroy it
Nuclear Age
Avoid Nuclear war

33. WWII is over
VE-Day April, 1945
VJ- Day—August 9th 1945

34. NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organization 1949-contain communism!! And the Warsaw Pact
Warsaw Pact = Soviet European satellites, Poland, Bulgaria, East Germany opposite of NATO
US Foreign policy goal: Contain Communism in Europe
1949 China becomes communist
1949-Soviets detonate atomic bomb—Nuclear Arms Race
Domino Theory- China & Soviets are spreading Communism across the world. 1 country goes Communist spreads to bordering country. Soviet Union, China, Korea and Vietnam
Korean War A truce is declared in 1953 country divided along the 38 Parallel

35. Containment by US
NATO, Truman Doctrine & the Marshall Plan attempted to Contain Communism
Foreign Policy decisions by US were based on Containment & non-recognition of Communist Govts.
Containment, isolationism, military alliances like NATO & SEATO (South East Asian Treaty Organization) non- recognition of Communist countries
(no recognition of Communist govts)

36. SEATO
Sept. 8, 1954, by Australia France New Zealand, Pakistan France, Thailand, United Kingdom, America

37. America and Communism
The Rosenberg Case convicted of giving Soviets secrets about US Atomic program convicted of espionage executed at Sing Sing prison in Ossining, NY 1953.

38. America and Communism
The Cold War leads to fear that Communism is spreading to America
HUAC = House Un-American Activities committee
Smith Act- Illegal to advocate…overthrowing… govt of US by force or to affiliate with groups that called for such actions.
1951- Dennis v. United States- SC upholds Smith Act
McCarthyism- Reds everywhere = Senator McCarthyism is a bully and HUAC black listed actors, writers etc., They can’t find any work because many refused to answer questions about if they were communists

39. Black Listing
Late 1940’s—late 1950’s political practice of denying employment to screenwriters, actors, directors, musicians, and other U.S. entertainment professionals because of their suspected political beliefs or associations. Because of their alleged membership in or sympathy with the American Communist Party. 

40. 2 US foreign Polices of the Cold War
1—Containment- Truman Doctrine, Eisenhower Doctrine
2—Brinkmanship- A Cold War political policy based on pushing a situation to the point of disaster without going to war. Examples of Brinkmanship-
3. MAD = Mutual Assured Destruction

41. Biggest close call of Cold War
Cuban missile Crisis---13 days in October 1962 , the Soviet Union secretly placed nuclear-tipped missiles on the Communist-led island of Cuba- America used a naval blockade around Cuba--Solution--Soviets withdrew the missiles after  the U.S. pledged publicly never to invade Cuba and promised privately to withdraw its own nuclear missiles from Turkey.

42. Bay of Pigs
April 17, 1961 President John Kennedy authorized an armed invasion of Cuba. The air & sea assault was conducted by anti- Castro Cubans trained by the CIA in Louisiana. The attack took place in the Bay Of Pigs, Cuba. It failed and was an embarrassment to the Kennedy administration. Castro then turned to the USSR and allowed them to place Nuclear Ballistic missiles in Cuba.

43. Korean War
WW II ends 1945
Korean peninsula is divided along the 38th parallel. Communist north & Democratic South.
General Douglas MacArthur commands all UN troops
1st military action of the UN
1951--China invades South Korea

44. Korea Cont. China’s involvement convinces USA of the Domino Theory
Gen. Macarthur is fired by president Truman (pres decision) for disagreeing with the president in public. MacArthur was nick named American Caesar.
Armistice Ends Korean war 1953 no formal end to hostilities problems 21st century = Containment Korea is divided at the 38 Parallel

45. General Douglas Macarthur

46. 1952- Polio Vaccine created -DR. Salk

47. USA fears of Communism
1919- Attorney General Palmer deports 249 foreigners
Nixon accuses Alger Hiss of Espionage 1948
Rosenbergs executed for Treason 1953
McCarthyism, red scare Jeopardized rights of anyone suspected of being communist
AAAhhh Commies every where

48. Space Race
Soviets = Sputnik -October 4, 1957, when the Soviet Union successfully launched Sputnik I. The world's first global satellite.
1961 USSR sends 1st man into space & to orbit the earth. Yuru Gargarin
US sends in John Glen February, 1962 Glen 1st American to orbit the earth.

49. President Kennedy Race for space “put a man on the moon in a decade”

50. President Kennedy & space program
Americans = John Glenn--Feb. 20, 1962
1st American into space.

51. Pres Kennedy
1961-Peace Corp -Kennedy saw the Peace Corps as a means of countering the view many had in the 3rd world-of "Yankee imperialism especially in the emerging nations of post-colonial Africa and Asia.

52. Cuban Missile Crisis
1962 Soviets place intercontinental nuclear armed missiles in Cuba
US Response- A Naval Blockade of Cuba
Why do the Soviets have Missiles in Cuba??
Americans Freak Out

53. President Kennedy assassinated
November 22, 1963 in Dallas, Texas
By Lee Harvey Oswald
Oswald is killed by Jack Ruby a few days after Oswald was arrested and while under police escort

54. LBJ & Vista
VISTA was founded as Volunteers in Service to America in as a national service program designed specifically to fight poverty in America.

55. President Lyndon B. Johnson
Great society programs-Goal— “create social welfare programs to help society end poverty in America.”
1. Medicare was created to offset the costs of health care for the nation's elderly.
Other LBJ programs Civil rights act- banned discrimination based on race and gender in employment and ending segregation in all public facilities.
1965 Voting rights act-banned literacy tests and other discriminatory methods of denying suffrage to African Americans.

57. Vietnam War Domino Theory War protestors in America Draft Dodgers
Casius Clay = Muhammad Ali = resists the draft
Students for a democratic society SDS organized huge protests against the Vietnam War

58. Bay of Pigs
April 17, 1961 President John Kennedy authorized an armed invasion of Cuba. The air & sea assault was conducted by anti- Castro Cubans trained by the CIA in Louisiana. The attack took place in the Bay Of Pigs, Cuba. It failed and was an embarrassment to the Kennedy administration. Castro then turned to the USSR and allowed them to place Nuclear Ballistic missiles in Cuba.

59. Bay of Pigs Invasion

60. Gulf of Tonkin Incident 1964
Supposedly--North Vietnamese Gun boats attack US navy ships… President Johnson (LBJ) asks Congress to pass a resolution to ESCALATE the Vietnam war. Gulf of Tonkin resolution is passed &….Escalates the Vietnam war!
Public Opinion is against Vietnam = Tet Offensive 1968
USA big protests, SDS
1973--War Powers Resolution Now Congress & the American people are sick of Executive abuse of power. WPR Limits presidential power to send troops into combat without Congressional approval after 45 days

61. War powers resolution 1973
The American people & Congress do not want the President to have absolute power to wage “war” on his own decision. Vietnam was President Kennedy’s war, LBJ’s war & Nixon’s war. Vietnam was run from the Oval Office
War powers Resolution-- a federal law intended to check the president's power to commit American troops into combat roles and or an armed conflict without the consent of the U.S. Congress.
Another checks & balance decision!!

62. 25th Amendment February 23, 1967
Section # 1--In case of the removal of the President from office or of his death or resignation, the Vice President shall become President.
SECTION 2.
Whenever there is a vacancy in the office of the Vice President, the President shall nominate a Vice President who shall take office upon confirmation by a majority vote of both Houses of Congress.

63. January 1968
North Vietnam launches the surprise attack called the Tet Offensive
Wow!
In January 1968 Tet offensive convinced many Americans the Vietnam war is not winnable
“Peace with Honor”
American Public Opinion influences US govt war policy

64. Kent State
College students protest Vietnam War on Kent State campus in Ohio.
National guard troops fire into protestors killing & injuring several

65. Kent State May 4, 1970

66. Vietnamization of war
Nixon tries to get the South Vietnamese to fight their war

67. Cold War Under Nixon
Détente-easing of tensions between Soviets & America
Out of Vietnam with honor
Strategic Arms Limitation Talks SALT I
SALT II
Goes to china

68. Nixon & the Middle East
USA support Israel’s 1973 war aka Yom Kippur War
Israel v. Egyptian–Syrian–Jordanian alliance Arab world does not recognize Israel as a sovereign nation
Israel gained and kept Arab territory
Golan Heights from Syria
Arab countries want Israel to honor 1967 UN resolution # 242 that stated Israel must give back territory it won in the war
Camp David Peace Accords-USA, Israel & Egypt-meet to discuss peace.

69. Strategic Defense Initiative [SDI] 1983–1989
Reagan fools the Soviets that we have outer space based missile system. Soviets go broke trying to keep up with this fake technology program.

70. President Nixon’s Term

71. Before Nixon resigns
VP Spiro Agnew resigns Less than a year BEFORE Richard M. Nixon's resignation as president. !!Spiro Agnew becomes the first U.S. vice president to resign in disgrace. 
Nixon chose, per the 25th Amendment, Gerald Ford to be VP
What happens to Ford when Nixon resigns?

72. Pressure against Vietnam
NY Times Company v. United Sates 1971-Nixon in the “Pentagon Papers” case, both President Nixon & the Pentagon said that the NY Times couldn’t publish documents regarding Vietnam because they were essential to maintaining the war & might cause problems in fighting the war. SC sides with the NY Times.

73. Watergate
In June 1972, five men armed with cameras and bugging equipment were arrested inside the Democratic Party’s National Committee's offices in the Watergate complex in Washington, D.C. Police soon discovered that the burglars worked, directly or indirectly, for the Committee to Re-Elect President Nixon and was run by a top Nixon aide to President Nixon. They all denied any connection with the incident.
But Nixon admitted to using a voice taping system in the Oval Office. The Federal Prosecutors office wanted the tapes and Nixon said NO because he was protected by Executive privilege.

74. United States v. Nixon, 1974
Does the separation of powers created by the Constitution provide the President with an absolute power to withhold information from other branches of government? = Executive Privilege
This case judged whether a president's power of executive privilege was absolute or if it could be waived in the event of a criminal investigation.
What was the criminal investigation called? = Watergate!!
August 9, 1974, Nixon became the first President in U.S. history to resign from the presidency. He did so in order to avoid going through the likely prospect of being impeached by the full House of Representatives and convicted by the Senate.

75. Environmental Issues
1970 -Silent Spring – a book by Rachel Carson who like John Muir, Teddy Roosevelt, Pete Seeger (Clear water on Hudson river) insisted that the natural environment be protected. Imagine a spring and you do not hear any birds singing ?
Earth Day – April 22, 1970

76. Pete Seeger & Judy Collins

77. Pete Seeger

78. 1962 Silent Spring

79. Impact of Silent Spring 1962
Carson influenced the environmental movement as no one had since the 19th century’s most celebrated hermit, Henry David Thoreau, his book Walden Pond.
Carson’s Silent Spring” said- synthetic pesticides, like DDT not only kill bugs but also make their way up the food chain to threaten bird and fish populations and could eventually sicken children.

80. Environmental pollution
Hudson river = no commercial fishing for striped Bass = PCB’s
DDT- a pesticide that weakened eagle eggs
Love Canal, NY – toxic dump
1970--Environmental protection agency is created by Nixon.

81. Henry David Thoreau- b. d.1862
1845 he began his famous two-year stay on a pond in Mass. Walden Pond, which is the title of his book, Walden emphasized harmony with nature, civil disobedience and individual ethics. He was a transcendentalist and he was known for his beliefs in Transcendentalism, civil disobedience, nature and was a dedicated abolitionist
Transcendentalist-  inherent goodness of both people and nature & reject political parties & organized religion.

82. Ohhhh
Supreme Court decision in Schenck v. United States in 1919 & the passage of the Patriot Act (2001) demonstrate the principle that the Federal Govt. can limit individual rights in times of national emergency.

83. Accused Have Rights
Mapp v. Ohio (1961) Holding:  Illegally obtained material cannot be used in a criminal trial. 4th amendment secure from unreasonable searches and seizures of property
Miranda v. Arizona (1966)Holding: Police must inform suspects of their rights before questioning.
 5th Amendment a person in a criminal (defendant or a suspect) case cant be forced to be a witness against himself.
Protecting the rights of the accused

84. Accused Have Rights
Mapp v. Ohio (1961) Holding:  Illegally obtained material cannot be used in a criminal trial. 4th amendment secure from unreasonable searches and seizures of property
Miranda v. Arizona (1966)Holding: Police must inform suspects of their rights before questioning.
 5th Amendment a person in criminal case cant be forced to be a witness against himself.
Protecting the rights of the accused

85. Accused Have Rights
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) Holding: Indigent defendants must be provided representation without charge.
Texas v. Johnson (1989) Holding: Even offensive speech such as flag burning is protected by the First Amendment.

86. SC cases that limit student 1st Amendment Rights
Student rights may be limited says the SC
New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1985) Holding: Students have a reduced expectation of privacy in school.
(Bong Hits for Jesus)-Morse v. Frederick, 2007
Holding: schools can limit student free speech when it endorses illegal, dangerous drug use

87. 1st Amendment support for students
Tinker v. Des Moines (1969) Holding: Students do not leave their rights at the schoolhouse door. 1st amendment free speech . Wore armbands to protest Vietnam war.

88. SC case that support Flag Burning
Texas v. Johnson

89. Reaganomics
Like Hoover- support business, tax cuts for corporations & the wealthy
Reagan de-regulated the air lines & Savings & loan institutions = not the role of the Fed Govt.
Trickle Down economic theory-
North American Free Trade Agreement = NAFTA

91. Bill Clinton IMPEACED BUT SURVIVED
Lead United Nations coalition in Bosnia-Serbia (former Yugoslavia) to stop ethnic cleansing by Serbian Armed forces against Muslims.
Like President Obama Clinton wanted National Health Care --but only got a few small health care reforms
welfare-reform bill in 1996 - work for welfare $ and reduced welfare roles.
Gays in the military-- Don't Ask, Don't Tell" ---Clinton satisfied few on either side of the argument in July, 1993 when he announced the "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" compromise
limits on habeas corpus intended to help deter domestic terrorism like the Oklahoma City bombing  it was a was a domestic terrorist bomb attack on the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in downtown Oklahoma City on April 19, by an American named Timothy McVeigh

92. Clinton and the Balkans
Balkan Peninsula was escalating to genocide, as Bosnian Serbs slaughtered Muslim men, women, and children in their own country. Reluctant to intervene at first, Clinton finally acted after international appeals for the U.S. to take a leadership role, and with the media projecting new images of the atrocities daily. Clinton set up a NATO response plan, which was quickly triggered by a Serbian attack. NATO missions brought an end to the fighting, and within several months Clinton presided over the Dayton Peace Accords, establishing himself as a competent and credible world leader.
Dayton Peace Accords

93. Clinton & International economics
NAFTA, and next Clinton agreed to join other countries in a world wide agreement called General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), promote trade between countries
1995-Clinton has the USA join the World Trade Organization (WTO), an international group of member states responsible for monitoring trade rules among nations

94. Other stuff Wacked out Presidential elections
Hayes-Tilden 1876 & Bush Gore, 2000 are similar because each election winner was elected without a majority of the popular vote
Thank you Electoral College

95. Bush 41 War on Terror.
Operation Desert Storm-remove Iraqi troops from Kuwait and Use American war planes to deny Iraq use of the air. Bur do not take out Sadam’s govt. It is a bulwark against expansion of Jihadists in region.
Bush # 43-Take out all of Iraq and hand its top leaders. Create a democratic govt. = Failed
Presidential decisions???? Yes!!

96. The Nuclear Age & Communism
Cold War- a chilling of relations between Soviet & USA
Sputnik = Soviet Satellite 1st into space
The Arms Race-stockpiling of Nuclear & non-nuclear weapons by both USA & Soviets
Domino Theory-
SEATO-
Cuban Missile Crisis soviet Nuclear rockets in Cuba

97. The 1950’s Baby Boom Growth of Suburbs GI Bill Cars, cars, cars
Levittown in Long Island, NY
GI Bill
Cars, cars, cars
TV sets are in many homes

98. Civil Rights Brown v Bd of Ed 1954
Little Rock, Arkansas, Governor orders national guard to stop 9 black students from coming on campus of Little Rock, Arkansas
Eisenhower sends in federal troops to protect & escort the black students. Gov fabius ordering all HS in Littlerock closed for the year.
1955- Rosa Parks refuses to give up her seat on abus toa white man.

99. Civil Rights Cont: Martin Luther king. Jr
Influenced by Henry David Thoreau (1854) Walden and its advocacy of civil disobedience and his Christian beliefs in all men =
led the Montgomery bus boycott
Lunch counter sit-ins.
March on Birmingham march led by Dr. King, police dogs, fire hoses, beatings: King writes Letter From a Birmingham Jail defending his method of non-violence, civil disobedience and the need to end segregation
1969 Tinker v Des Moines, Iowa school district