1. Learning to recognise plagiarism

2. Where do you cross the line?
Here are six ways to use sources. Example number one is plagiarism; example six is not. Where do you cross the line?
1. Copying a paragraph word for word from a source without acknowledgement.
2. Copying a paragraph and making small changes ‐e.g. replacing a few verbs, replacing an adjective with a synonym; acknowledgement in the bibliography.
3. Cutting and pasting a paragraph by using sentences of the original but omitting one or two and putting one or two in a different order, no quotation marks; with an in‐text acknowledgement plus bibliography.
4. Composing a paragraph by taking short phrases from a number of sources and putting them together using words of your own to make a coherent whole with an in‐text acknowledgement plus bibliography.
5. Paraphrasing a paragraph by rewriting with substantial changes in language and organisation; the new version will also have changes in the amount of detail used and the examples cited; citing in bibliography.
6. Quoting a paragraph by placing it in block format with the source cited in text and bibliography.
Based on an exercise in Swales and Feale(1993), cited by Jude Carroll (2001).
Where would you draw the line between a plagiarising approach and “acceptable quoting technique”?
Please ignore the absence of citations in this instance
Opinion is often divided between 3 and 4. This reflects the opinions of the authors, who also disagree on whether point 4:
“Composing a paragraph by taking short standard phrases from a number of sources and putting them together with some words of your own”
is acceptable.
In some contexts e.g. learning to write academically, it may be. In some academic disciplines, the use of stock phrases is common.

3. Ted Frick : Indiana University Bloomington School of Education- 1.
Online Quiz:
Original Source Material
Sample of Student Written Work
Technology has significantly transformed education at several major turning points in our history. In the broadest sense, the first technology was the primitive modes of communication used by prehistoric people before the development of spoken language. Mime, gestures, grunts, and drawing of figures in the sand with a stick were methods used to communicate -- yes, even to educate. Even without speech, these prehistoric people were able to teach their young how to catch animals for food, what animals to avoid, which vegetation was good to eat and which was poisonous.
(Quoted from: Frick, T. (1991; 2000) Restructuring Education Through Technology)
The first technology was the primitive modes of communication used by prehistoric people before the development of spoken language.
Bibliography:
Frick, T. (1991). Restructuring education through technology. Bloomington, IN: Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation
Is this plagiarism?
No. Yes, because it quotes another person's actual words, either oral or written; and it is not appropriately acknowledged. Yes, because it paraphrases another person's words, either oral or written; and it is not appropriately acknowledged. Yes, because it uses another person's idea, opinion, or theory; and it is not properly acknowledged. Yes, because it borrows facts, statistics, or other illustrative material, unless the information is common knowledge; and it is not properly acknowledged
Ted Frick : Indiana University Bloomington School of Education- 1.

4. Viv Thom Sheffield Hallam University 2013
Is this plagiarism?
No.
Yes, because it quotes another person's actual words, either oral or written; and it is not appropriately acknowledged.
Yes, because it paraphrases another person's words, either oral or written; and it is not appropriately acknowledged.
Yes, because it uses another person's idea, opinion, or theory; and it is not properly acknowledged.
Yes, because it borrows facts, statistics, or other illustrative material, unless the information is common knowledge; and it is not properly acknowledged
Viv Thom Sheffield Hallam University 2013

5. Ted Frick : Indiana University Bloomington School of Education- 1.
slide 2.
Original Source Material
Sample of Student Written Work
Technology has significantly transformed education at several major turning points in our history. In the broadest sense, the first technology was the primitive modes of communication used by prehistoric people before the development of spoken language. Mime, gestures, grunts, and drawing of figures in the sand with a stick were methods used to communicate -- yes, even to educate. Even without speech, these prehistoric people were able to teach their young how to catch animals for food, what animals to avoid, which vegetation was good to eat and which was poisonous.
(Quoted from: Frick, T. (1991; 2000) Restructuring Education Through Technology)
Frick (1991) believes that "... the first technology was the primitive modes of communication used by prehistoric people before the development of spoken language" (p. 10).
Bibliography:
Frick, T. (1991). Restructuring education through technology. Bloomington, IN: Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation
Ted Frick : Indiana University Bloomington School of Education- 1.

6. Slide 3 Source Material Sample of Student Written Work
Technology has significantly transformed education at several major turning points in our history. In the broadest sense, the first technology was the primitive modes of communication used by prehistoric people before the development of spoken language. Mime, gestures, grunts, and drawing of figures in the sand with a stick were methods used to communicate -- yes, even to educate. Even without speech, these prehistoric people were able to teach their young how to catch animals for food, what animals to avoid, which vegetation was good to eat and which was poisonous.
(Quoted from: Frick, T. (1991; 2000) Restructuring Education Through Technology)
Frick (1991) believes that the first technology was the primitive modes of communication used by prehistoric people before the development of spoken language.
Bibliography:
Frick, T. (1991). Restructuring education through technology. Bloomington, IN: Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation
The feedback explains and teaches how to reference, cite and paraphrase

7. Original Source Material Sample of Student Written Work
Technology has significantly transformed education at several major turning points in our history. In the broadest sense, the first technology was the primitive modes of communication used by prehistoric people before the development of spoken language. Mime, gestures, grunts, and drawing of figures in the sand with a stick were methods used to communicate -- yes, even to educate. Even without speech, these prehistoric people were able to teach their young how to catch animals for food, what animals to avoid, which vegetation was good to eat and which was poisonous.
(Quoted from: Frick, T. (1991; 2000) Restructuring Education Through Technology)
Frick (1991) believes that "... the first technology was the primitive modes of communication used by prehistoric people before the development of spoken language" (p. 10).
Bibliography:
Frick, T. (1991). Restructuring education through technology. Bloomington, IN: Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation
and so on and the guide continues to explore referencing for pictures but it is older now and referencing the sources of codes in computer programming, data sets etc. is a more modern issue and referencing new forms of information is continuing to be a challenge to the styles of referencing we currently have - increasingly less applicable?