1. Natural Sciences and Technology Grade 5
Term 4: Planet Earth and Beyond
Surface of the Earth
(PPT 1)

2. Topic 2 Surface of the Earth
Rocks
Gr 5 Natural Sciences and Technology – Term 4, Topic 2

3. A journey to the centre of the earth
What do you think is under the floor of the classroom?
What do you think is under the building’s pipes and foundations?
What do you think is under the school’s playground?
Gr 5 Natural Sciences and Technology – Term 4, Topic 2

4. Inside the earth Different layers
Gr 5 Natural Sciences and Technology – Term 4, Topic 2

5. The earth’s crust The surface of the Earth is called the crust.
We live on the thin outer layer of the Earth’s surface.
It is made up of rocks and soil.
It is about 70 km thick under a continent and 10km thick under the sea.
Gr 5 Natural Sciences and Technology – Term 4, Topic 2

6. The earth’s crust The crust also goes under the sea.
The deepest part of the sea is the Marianas Trench (South of Japan, near the Marianas Islands).
It is 11 km deep.
The sun’s light can not reach it.
Gr 5 Natural Sciences and Technology – Term 4, Topic 2

7. The earth’s mantle This is the rock layer under the crust.
It is sticky, hotter and much thicker than the crust.
It is almost 3 000km thick.
It is also made up of rocks.
Rocks become soft in places because of the heat.
Gr 5 Natural Sciences and Technology – Term 4, Topic 2

8. The earth’s core The outer core Made up of very hot liquid lava.
Lava is mostly melted iron and nickel.
Gr 5 Natural Sciences and Technology – Term 4, Topic 2

9. The earth’s core The inner core It is very hot.
A solid ball off mostly iron and nickel.
Gr 5 Natural Sciences and Technology – Term 4, Topic 2

10. 4 Elements that support life on earth
Gr 5 Natural Sciences and Technology – Term 4, Topic 2

11. 4 Elements that support life on earth
Soil
Found in the Earth’s crust.
Most plants grow in soil.
Planets need the minerals in the soil.
No soil = no plants = no animals = no humans.
Gr 5 Natural Sciences and Technology – Term 4, Topic 2

12. 4 Elements that support life on earth
Air
Air has oxygen
All living things need oxygen to live
Gr 5 Natural Sciences and Technology – Term 4, Topic 2

13. 4 Elements that support life on earth
Water
Plants use water and the Sun’s energy to make their own food
Without water, all living things would die
Water is a solvent
Gr 5 Natural Sciences and Technology – Term 4, Topic 2

14. 4 Elements that support life on earth
Sunlight
The Sun gives the Earth energy
All living things need energy to grow
Plants need the Sun to make their own food
Animals need the Sun because it helps the plants to make food for them to eat
Gr 5 Natural Sciences and Technology – Term 4, Topic 2