1. Career Counseling:
A Holistic Approach
Chapter 1
Vernon G. Zunker

2. Chapter 1: Historical Development and Some Basic Issues
Chronology of career counseling and guidance movement
Beginnings of the counseling profession
Early contributors
Early governmental programs
Development of professional organizations
Career counseling from past and future perspectives
Some basic issues that reflect current and future needs of career counseling:
The case for the individual - Counseling in a culturally diverse society
Career life perspective - Effective use of career information
Working in the 21st century - Focusing on a multiple spectrum of
Lifelong learning domains

3. Historical Development
The product of our development as a nation
Has involved political, economic, educational, philosophical and social progress and change
Pope’s six stages of Development from 1890 – Future?
These represent significant developmental periods in society
1940s
Universities/
Colleges
1980s
Technology
1890s
Industrialization
Present
Multicultural
School-Work Trans.
1920s
Elementary/ Secondary Schools
1960s
Corporations

4. Frank Parson’s Early Contributions
He was educated as an engineer at Cornell University during Industrialization era
He wrote several books and articles on social reform in industries
Lead the Vocational Bureau of Boston
His major work was Choosing a Vocation
Understand yourself
Understand different lines of work
Reason on the 2 groups
Considered “Father” of Career Counseling

5. NCDA National Career Development Association
Established in the late 1900s as professionals began to meet nationally (3rd meeting)
The hope was to aid in the employment of working Americans and to gain the support of the Federal Government.
Also helped Veterans returning from WWI and WWII integrate back into the workplace
Developed tests to find career interests
GI Bill for Veterans to return to college

6. NOICC The National Occupational Information Coordinating Committee
Established by an act of Congress in 1976
Created the national career counseling and development guidelines
In 1992 developed the National Career Development Training Institute
Develop occupational information for states
Assist in the organization of state committees
Share information
Provide labor market information for youth

7. Basic Issues of Career Counseling
The Case for the Individual
Career Life Perspective
Career Choice
Working in the 21st Century
Lifelong Learning
Counseling in a Culturally Diverse Society
Globalization and Economic Restructuring
Effective Use of Career Information
Integrating Career and Personal Counseling

8. Basic Issues of Career Development
The case for the individual-career counseling was founded on the basics of individual differences in assets and strengths.
Individual traits, aspirations, motivation, lifestyle
Ask yourself, “Who is this person who sits before me?”
2. Career Life Perspective-Looks at the interrelationship of all life roles
Interaction of life roles over the life span
Value family, leisure, social status, place of residence
Clarify with client priorities

9. Basic Issues
3. Career Choice-Looks at individual strengths but also takes into account the changing dynamics of the global workforce. Ever Changing Workforce Changing Economy 4. Working in the 21st Century- Work provides not only income but personal identity. Technology Who they are and who they want to be

10. Basic Issues
Lifelong Learning-The forecast of a changing workplace underscores the need for developing a lifelong learning plan
Work needs address current and future needs
Skills needed for over a lifetime
6. Counseling in a Culturally Diverse Society-The counselor must understand culture and a multicultural society

11. Basic Issues
Global and Economic Restructuring-There now exists a global economy with increased economic, political and social interconnectedness.
Contracting for services/Outsourcing/Temp agencies
8. Effective Use of Career Information-There are now a variety of current career information resources.

12. Other: Community Religion
Basic Issues
9. Integrating Career and Personal Counseling- Counselors must understand both career choices and personal choices
Career
Home
Case Study:
Single, Divorced
Mom – minimal
Training &
Education
Individual Needs
Other: Community Religion
Case Study:
Male college grad,
Lost his job,
Dual career family,
Spouse has a
Relocation offer for
work
Relationships