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Building a Pyramid of Interventions

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Presentation on theme: "Building a Pyramid of Interventions"— Presentation transcript:

1 Building a Pyramid of Interventions
Anthony S. Muhammad, Ph.D.

2 PLC Corollary Questions
What do we want students to learn? How do we know if students have learned? How do we respond when students do not learn? How do we respond when students have learned?

3 Levey “10 Week Cycle” 10 Weeks Instruct/ Collaborate Assess
Analyze Results Intervene Plan 10 Weeks

4 Why identify essential standards?
Promotes clarity Promotes consistent priorities Helps establish a “viable” curriculum Creates “ownership” of the curriculum among those called upon to teach it Promotes student equity Is essential to develop common assessments and targeted interventions Helps teachers work smarter, not harder…

5 What do we want students to know?
Identify “Essential Standards/Outcomes” Pace them per quarter Identify instructional material necessary to ensure mastery of standards by the students

6 Reflection How does your school currently answer the question, “What do we want students to learn?” Is it systematic or random? How often do teachers get an opportunity to develop shared understanding of the curriculum?

7 How do we know if they have learned?
Develop common formative assessments Common assessments measure if students can performed the desired tasks Common assessments should be given at least each quarter in each core subject matter Common assessments should not exceed 25 questions Assessments should be developed by the teachers that teach the content Assessment questions assess deeply; preferably deeper than the state assessment

8 Reflection How does your school currently assess student learning?
Who creates the assessments? Is it random or systematic? What do educators in your school do with the results?

9 How will we respond when students don’t learn?
How you answer this question will determine if you are truly a PLC…

10 “Don’t tell me you believe ‘all kids can learn’…
tell me what you’re doing about the kids who aren’t learning.” -- Rick DuFour

11 The Typical School’s Response
No systematic response Intervention is left to the discretion of individual teachers Teachers respond in very different ways Worst case is no response at all 4 Archtypes…..

12 The Message Learning is a choice
Students have the option to become involved or not become involved Students are accountable for their success or failure We are detached from students and families

13 An Example of a Simple Message
The purpose of our school is to see to it that all our students learn at high levels, and the future of our students depends upon our success. We must work collaboratively to achieve that purpose because it is impossible to accomplish if we work in isolation. And we must continually assess our effectiveness in achieving our purpose on the basis of results—tangible evidence that our students are acquiring the knowledge, skills, and dispositions essential to their future success. So here’s that simple message…..THE BIG IDEAS We also serve a moral purpose Most schools operate from the premise that kids are TAUGHT. My job is to teach, their job is to learn. Whether or not they learn is up to a lot of other things… In a PLC, it’s Not just about compulsory attendance, seat time. We can’t do it alone…. Once we accept this premise, things begin to change. Working alone, in isolation, I can’t help all my kids learn We also need constant feedback on if they’re learning. So today, I’m going to talk about these three big ideas and what we would do and stop doing in order to behave in this way.

14 “Traditional” Interventions…
Up to each teacher… Remedial Classes Summer School “Alternative” Education Retention Nothing…

15 Characteristics of an Effective Intervention Program…
Urgent Directive Timely Targeted Administered by Trained Professionals Systematic

16 Characteristics of an Effective Intervention Program…
Urgent Directive Timely Targeted Administered by Trained Professionals Systematic

17 Essential Questions: Is there any sense of urgency to help the at-risk students at your school? Are all at-risk students “required” to receive help?

18 Characteristics of an Effective Intervention Program…
Urgent Directive Timely Targeted Administered by Trained Professionals Systematic

19 Timely… Extended time to learn essential standards
Timely school response when students don’t learn

20 Extended time to learn essential standards: “Formula for Learning”:
QI + T = L Quality Instruction + Time = Learning So simple….

21 Quality Instruction + Time = Learning
Traditional Schools: QI + T = L Quality Instruction + Time = Learning Constant + Constant = Variable

22 Quality Instruction + Time = Learning
PLC Schools: QI + T = L Quality Instruction + Time = Learning Variable Variable = Constant

23 Time and Support “In the factory model of schooling, quality was the variable; time was constant. Students were given a set amount of work to do in a set period of time, then graded on the quality of what was accomplished. We held time constant and allowed quality to vary. We must turn that on its head and hold quality constant, and allow time to vary. Cole and Schlechty, 1993 Almost 125 years now….

24 The best “intervention”
Extended time to learn essential standards: Pearl: The best “intervention” is “prevention”

25 Extended time to learn essential standards:
or: Teach it “right” the first time!

26 No Support System Will Compensate for Bad Teaching
Core curriculum must be solid, and delivered with fidelity. Without this, the system of intervention will be overwhelmed. However, no matter how skilled the teacher teams become, some students will always require additional time and support

27 Timely school response when students don’t learn:
Systematically identify, monitor, and revise individual student intervention needs every three to four weeks.

28 Essential Questions: Do we provide targeted, differentiated, research-based instruction to our students? How often do you identify and assess the needs of your at-risk students? Do we systematically provide all students extended learning time and multiple opportunities to demonstrate mastery? Are our assessment and grading practices aligned to support extending learning time? Late work, incomplete work?

29 Targeted… Students who lack the skills to do their work
Students who don’t do their work (intentional non-learners) Students who lack the skills to do their work (failed learners) Can’t and won’ts

30 Essential Question: Is each at-risk student receiving the “right” interventions? Are you using data to identify these interventions? Or is it broad, generalized intervention?

31 Characteristics of an Effective Intervention Program…
Urgent Directive Timely Targeted Administered by Trained Professionals Systematic

32 Most Effective Strategies…(Doug Reeves, 2007)
Writing and note-taking Recognition of achievement Alignment of standards, curriculum, instruction, and assessment Assignment of teacher based upon need Deep content analysis Monitoring that is frequent and visible Teaching strategies, including compare/contrast Student Engagement

33 Essential Questions: Which teachers teach your at-risk students? Do your teachers have the training and/or resources to successfully provide targeted, differentiated quality instruction?

34 Characteristics of an Effective Intervention Program…
Urgent Directive Timely Targeted Administered by Trained Professionals Systematic Keep going here, next slide……

35 Pyramid of Interventions
Building a Pyramid of Interventions

36 Pyramid of Intervention Strategies
Most Restrictive Least Restrictive

37 Pyramid of Intervention
Intensive Support For students who have not responded to first two levels Track student progress weekly Intensive Supplemental Instruction and Support Identify students with common assessment data, grades, and environment data Supplemental Base Program Base Program— For all students Daily best practice Should address the needs of at least 75% of your students.

38 Pyramid of Interventions for Behavior
Start with the data Consider the core values/mission Critically analyze patterns Develop structure Anticipate obstacles Implement

39 Pyramid of Intervention What do we do when students do not learn?
Homework lunch In-school tutors Student Support Specialist After-school tutoring Student Success Plan Summer School or University Enrichment ????????

40 Specifics To Building a Pyramid of Intervention

41 Steps to Building a Pyramid of Interventions
Ensure FIRST “best instruction” Use the incremental, pyramid approach Identify eligible students based on results of common assessments

42 Resource Reallocation
Funds Personnel Programs Trade Offs Low Cost – No Cost Here, we need to really step outside of the box Unions - talk about waiver board, DRC Talk about Mrs. Small…….

43 Defining “Under-represented Students” What Do We Mean By Failing?
Under-represented Students – At Risk and Under-supported Academic, Behavioral, Social/Emotional Explain why not at risk - as if it were their fault Must consider all three aspects

44 Intervention Criteria
There is no easy recipe. The language of interventions must be developed locally so that teachers, principals and parents are comfortable. But you can get a lot of ideas from each other……..

45 If we don’t change the direction we’re going, we’re likely to end up where we are headed.
Chinese Proverb

46 Process to Create Pyramid
Identify your current interventions and what Tier each on occupies. Determine whether intervention is systematic or individual. Rank the intervention in order of intensity Eliminate duplication and develop new interventions to fill the gaps.

47 Pyramid of Interventions - Implement
What might be your barriers? How can you anticipate the barriers and address them in a proactive way? How do you guarantee accountability?

48 Action Plan Discuss and identify one Tier 1 and one Tier 2 intervention that you will IMMEDIATELY try at the onset of the school year. Identify the most important factor in order for your school to move ahead with a Pyramid of Interventions.


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