1. PIPING

2. 03/10/2017
PIPING
Connections
Pressure rating
Coflexip hoses
Safety

3. PIPING - CONNECTIONS

4. WECO-UNION CONNECTIONS
Connectors for temporary pipe and flow line installations
FMC acquired the original WECO Company, in the 1950’s
The design is old, and manufactured by many companies.
Used in steel and chemical plants, on marine drilling vessels, and in the oil industry.
More than a dozen design variations ; designated by the nominal pipe diameter and a “Figure” number

5. WECO-UNION CONNECTIONS
Wing
Pin
Male
Thread
Box
Female
Ex: Weco Hammer Union Fig 1002

6. WECO-UNION CONNECTIONS
Designated by the nominal pipe diameter and a ‘Fig’ number ex: 3” Fig (Marked on the Wing Nut)
Flow direction rule :
- INLET equipped with Thread or Box or Female “sub”
- OUTLET equipped with Wing or Pin or Male “sub”
All weco union are H2S rated conform to NACE MR
Weco unions are ACME type Thread: - cylindrical shape.
- square profile.

7. WECO-UNION CONNECTIONS
SEALING METHOD : - Rubber (and metal-to-metal if hammered correctly)
- “Lip seal” elastomer on the Female “sub”
- 250 degF Max. Temp.
- Fig 206 has an O-ring on the Male “sub”
In High-Pressure applications, especially when flowing gas, the Hammer Union lip seal elastomer will most likely experience the typical “explosive decompression” phenomena. The gas will migrate into the elastomer. The lip seal will pop out of the groove in the union and cause a leak.
The likelihood of a leak is even greater at HT and when there is a high CO2 concentration.
A metal-to-metal seal will prevent this unwanted phenomenon.

8. WECO-UNION CONNECTION
PIPING TP (psi) = WP (psi) x 1.5

9. WECO-UNION CONNECTION
Prevention and Identification of the right thread
2” 1502 and 2” 602 are easy to connect But it will not handle the pressure.
2” fig 1002 Union are banned from OFS operation.
2” fig 602 Unions will be phased out during the 2 years of 2001 and 2002.

10. 2” WECO - 1502 or 602? Use a gauge ring (P/N 477990000):
- Passes over 602 (and this should
be destroyed)
- Will not pass over 1502
The difference is the depth of
the thread, 1502 is deeper
The purchase of 2”Fig602 pipework is no more allowed, its use must be gradually phased out

11. 03/10/2017
GRAYLOC CONNECTION
POM recommend GRAYLOC hubs if metal-to-metal seal is required.
GRAYLOC:
- Seal: metal to metal seal
H2S rated conform to NACE
Temp: - 40 degF to 450 degF
Bolting torque for C 25: 90 ft.lb

12. GRAYLOC CONNECTION

13. PIPING

14. DYNETOR CONNECTION DYNETOR : - Seal: metal to metal
03/10/2017
DYNETOR CONNECTION
DYNETOR :
- Seal: metal to metal
- H2S rated conform to NACE
- Temp.: - 75 degF to 450 degF

15. QUICK UNION CONNECTION For WHE
03/10/2017
QUICK UNION CONNECTION For WHE
Purpose : assemble the testing SL/ELS/wireline service lubricator and related
equipment designed to be assembled by hand.
- Once made up the connection should be back-off a ¼ turn to prevent from sticking
Two types in common use are ‘Otis’ and ‘Bowen’ designs.
Characteristics : - Seal with an O-ring on the pin section.
- ACME thread.
The O-ring should be thoroughly inspected for damage and replace if necessary before use.
Do not use hammer, wrench, chain tong to loosen the collar of the union. If it cannot be turned by hand, precautions must be taken to make sure that the well pressure has been completely released.

16. 03/10/2017
QUICK UNIONS FOR WHE
Pin
Nut (Collar)
O-ring Seal
Box

17. QUICK UNIONS FOR WHE OTIS Union 45° chamfer 4.75 in
Example of connection Acme (3.75)
Otis Union
4.75 in
3.75
4 threads per in

18. PIPING - PRESSURE RATING

19. PIPING - Articulated Piping Rigid Piping :
Piping is classified into 3 categories : - rigid Piping flexible hoses
- Articulated Piping
Rigid Piping :
- consists of straight pipes of different lengths (1, 3 and 5 meters are the most common length) and elbows (typically 900).

20. PIPING Flexible Hoses :
HP flexible hoses are made of rubber or polymer
Protected by a flexible metallic carcass such as
Coflexip.
- LP flexible rubber hoses, ended with weco union

21. PIPING Articulated Piping :
03/10/2017
PIPING
Articulated Piping :
- Articulated piping consists of 900 elbows connected with swivel joints that allow rotation in one, two, or three planes.
CHICKSANS WITH SWIVEL ARE FORBIDDEN IN ANY TESTING PROCESS.
- The only chicksans allowed are used on the killline for pumping into the well (mud, cement). Never used to carry hydrocarbons.

22. 03/10/2017
PIPING
To see POM (Appendix B)
Mainly defined by : - Nominal diameter (wall mid point), O.D ? I.D. ?
- Schedule (Sch.80, XXS, SP) ?
- Grade ?
Working Pressure of the pipe (WP) is determined by the Wall Thickness.
Wall Thickness, measured with : - ultrasonic tester.
- X-ray.
- Manual Caliper.

23. PIPING
When the equipment is in the field, at regular intervals, the pipe wall thickness needs to be checked randomly. The minimum Wall thickness (rejection criterion) is directly related to the Working Pressure and the pipe OD.
2 x s x t WP x OD
WP = or t =
OD - (0.8 x t) (2xs) + (0.8xWP)
where: WP = Working Pressure , t = minimum wall thickness
s = design stress , OD = pipework Outer Diameter
If the minimum wall thickness found is below this value, the equipment has to be junked.

24. PIPING

25. PIPING

26. PIPING

27. PIPING

28. PIPING - check the WP of pipe. - find effect of erosion/corrosion.
03/10/2017
PIPING
Regular inspection of wall thickness to :
- check the WP of pipe.
- find effect of erosion/corrosion.
- prevent accident.
No down rating of pipework allowed.
All H2S rated / must conform to NACE MR
Note: Thickness inspection does not replace pressure testing, BOTH are required.

29. PIPING Line sizing: gas/fluid velocities limitations to maximum :
03/10/2017
PIPING
Line sizing:
gas/fluid velocities limitations to maximum :
- 80 ft/sec if solids (sand) or 2-phase flow.
- 160 ft/sec for dry gas.
if higher velocity expected, a full HAZOP is required as :
- increase pipe ID, flare tip ID.
- divers flow through more than one pipe.
- reduce as much as practical the line length and number of bends
- reduce the choke size.
See FOH 1, Section 11 page 13 for gas velocity chart.

30. PIPING
Line securing offshore / onshore
piping should be supported on racks, stanchions or individual standoffs.
increase number and select position of clamps.
follow recommendations for welding of support brackets.
ensure best possible security of the line (wire rope, cement block).
wire rope must be secured on fixed points with minimum slack.
in desert environment we have successfully used burying the flare lines with sand.
- in marshy or semi-hard grounds, we recommend even 20 feet ; 6 feet long stakes can be driven into the ground in an “X” shape, and/or 200kg concrete blocks can be placed on the pipe.

31. PIPING
A potential danger exists on all gas flow lines and high-pressure relief lines (basically all our flow lines FH to CM and all our Vent lines from Separator and Surge Tank).
Make personnel, client and third parties aware of it !

32. PIPING SELECTION GUIDELINES
03/10/2017
PIPING
SELECTION GUIDELINES
Maximum expected WHP x 1.2 = selection of the WP of our equipment (flow head, choke manifold, pipe and other upstream equipment)
- Working pressure (WP)
The pressure rating of any pipework is not determine by the end connection or the pipe itself, but by the lowest rated section.
- Flow Rate / Velocity
The diameter of the piping depends on the maximum expected flow rate. The most common sizes of piping used is 3”.
4” or 6” diameter piping is sometimes chosen for high gas rate tests.

33. PIPING
Warning : Figure 206 Hammer Union
Figure 206 piping should not be used except for 6-in 206 schedule 80 as flow lines for high rate gas test, located downstream the separator. (Pressure is a maximum of 1440 psi decreasing towards 0 psi at flare tip)
Due to the nature of the 206 seal (O-ring), it is not recommended to use the piping for hydrocarbon flow.
the exception to use 6-in 206 is given considering that the 6-in is not available in 602 type weco.
HPHT piping (15 kpsi and above)
Only metal-to-metal seal piping (Grayloc, Flanges, Dynetor…) should be used for upstream flow lines.

34. PIPING Piping colors used are the new Schlumberger standard :
The following standards would allow differentiation of both the piping service and working pressure rating:
- white for nitrogen service
- grey for treating iron (acid fracturing)
- blue for hydrocarbon piping (Testing) => this could also be applicable to pressure control equipment (slickline & wireline lubricators & BOP’s…) .
The stainless steel band remains to identify serial number, certification date etc…
white

35. PIPING

36. PIPING - COFLEXIP HOSES

37. 03/10/2017
COFLEXIP HOSES
COFLEXIP hoses must be choosen in accordance to the : - temperature
- pressure
- fluid type expected
Minimum bending radius specifications must be respected :
MBR = ID x 12

38. 03/10/2017
COFLEXIP HOSES
For Coflexip hoses, accurate records of pressure and temperature exposure versus time must be maintained and hoses retired from service according to manufacturer’s specifications (See POM section 3)
Two types of Coflexip for DST (short test < 72hs) or PTL (extended test & sour service) are used :
- COFLEXIP : standard made with RILSAN (temporary sour service)
- COFLON : High Temperature made with COFLON (sour service without duration limit)

39. COFLEXIP HOSES

40. PIPING - SAFETY

41. SAFETY Keep piping routes as straight as possible (avoid erosion).
03/10/2017
SAFETY
Keep piping routes as straight as possible (avoid erosion).
All piping must be H2S service (NACE MR 01-75).
Use only welded union connections (WECO, GrayLoc, …).
Firmly anchor the flow lines and vent lines to the rig structure or to the ground.
All piping / hoses must have an identification ring on it.

42. Never try to loosen or tighten connections under pressure.
03/10/2017
SAFETY
Hoses must be attached to heavy pieces of equipment because they can swing under pressure.
Never try to loosen or tighten connections under pressure.
Do not use steel hammers to tighten wing union connections when there is ANY risk of hydrocarbons. Brass or copper hammers must be used to prevent sparks. They must be in good condition to avoid injuries from metal chips that can break off of these hammers (eyes!).

43. 03/10/2017
SAFETY
After every job, the piping must be thoroughly cleaned to prevent corrosion from well fluids.
Before storage, the piping connections must be greased and covered with greased adhesive tape.
Equipment containing or controlling pressure is qualified and certified for use through regular Q-check inspections. Such inspections are normally carried out and every 12 months.
Perform a thickness test and visual inspection at regular intervals minimum every 12 months.(X-ray survey maximum interval every 5 years, during the MAJOR SURVEY).

44. 03/10/2017
SAFETY
Painting on rigid pipes avoid corrosion ( to use the correct color coding)
In desert locations, do not put grease and “SAND” on the threads.
WECO seal must be verified and changed when damaged.
Threads and sealing surfaces must be cleaned with a wire brush or fine emery cloth.

45. 03/10/2017
SAFETY
Pipework rated 10 kpsi WP and above, without documented material traceability shall be retired immediately. No interim usage can be granted.
Schlumberger has chosen to avoid confusion with the type of fluid going out of the SEPARATOR, a colour code as follows :
- Vessel is SILVER
- Oil Line is PURPLE / VIOLET
- Water Line is BLUE
- Gas Line is YELLOW

46. SAFETY OPERATING RULES
Operations are not allowed where MPWHP exceeds MAOP. (WP of our equipment)
Welding on pressure containing equipment may be performed only by an approved supplier, during manufacture or as part of a documented repair.
Retired pressure equipment must be destroyed to the point that it cannot be used again.

47. NEARLY FINISHED... Would you use this for your rig up? No Why?
It is threaded WECO - Banned Slb
Where would you put it?
Scrap metal skip
Anything else?
Cut it so it can never be used again

48. REFERENCE Pressure Operations Manual
Suggestion: Start reading this as soon as possible, make life easy for yourselves.
FOH for Surface Well Testing (except PIPING section)

49. REFERENCE

50. REFERENCE

51. PIPING
The END