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LIAO Hui MD Tongji Hospital, HUST

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Presentation on theme: "LIAO Hui MD Tongji Hospital, HUST"— Presentation transcript:

1 LIAO Hui MD Tongji Hospital, HUST 2012.11.21
Cervical Spondylosis LIAO Hui MD Tongji Hospital, HUST

2 Degenerative Disease of the Spine
Degenerative processes of aging occur at different rates, locations, and modalities, based on the unique attributes of individuals (factors known to influence degenerative diseases of the spine include lifestyle, work patterns, diet, and even genetics) Normal Degenerative

3 Cervical Spondylosis Cervical spondylosis is a general term encompassing a number of degenerative conditions Degenerative disc disease (DDD) Spinal stenosis With or without degenerative facet joints With or without the formation of osteophytes With or without a herniated disc One single component as a diagnosis is rare

4 Degenerative Disc Disease
The process is thought to begin in the annulus fibrosis with changes to the structure and chemistry of the concentric layers Over time, these layers suffer a loss of water content and proteoglycan, which changes the disc’s mechanical properties, making it less resilient to stress and strain Normal Pathology

5 Degenerative Disc Disease
The process is thought to begin in the annulus fibrosis with changes to the structure and chemistry of the concentric layers Over time, these layers suffer a loss of water content and proteoglycan, which changes the disc’s mechanical properties, making it less resilient to stress and strain Degenerated Pathology

6 Degenerative Disease: Facet Joints
Changes in disc structure and function can lead to changes in the articular facets, especially hypertrophy (overgrowth), resulting from the redirection of compressive loads from the anterior and middle columns to the posterior elements

7 Degenerative Disease: Osteophytes
There also may be hypertrophy of the vertebral bodies adjacent to the degenerating disc; these bony overgrowths are known as osteophytes (or bone spurs)

8 Herniated Nucleus Pulposus
The progressive degeneration of a disc, or traumatic event, can lead to a failure of the annulus to adequately contain the nucleus pulposus This is known as herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP) or a herniated disc

9 Herniated Nucleus Pulposus
Varying degrees Disc bulge Mild symptoms Usually go away with nonoperative treatment Rarely an indication for surgery Extrusion (herniation) Moderate/severe symptoms Nonoperative treatment

10 Herniated Nucleus Pulposus
Symptoms Neck pain Shoulder pain Arm pain Dysthesias Anesthesias May resemble carpel tunnel syndrome rotator cuff problems gout

11 Physical examination Palpation: Trigger point

12 Distraction test

13 Spurling test

14 Herniated Nucleus Pulposus
Diagnosis Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/patient examination Motor deficit is an indication of spinal cord compression and requires urgent surgery Not all HNPs are symptomatic

15 Spinal Stenosis Spinal stenosis is the narrowing of the bony ring that surrounds the spinal cord. Causes include: Bone spurs Disc degeneration Arthritis Congenital This condition is most common in elderly people, who have had years of wear-and-tear on their spines

16 Spinal Stenosis Grouped as “spinal stenosis” Central stenosis
Narrowing of the central part of the spinal canal Foraminal stenosis Narrowing of the foramen resulting in pressure on the exiting nerve root

17 Spinal Stenosis Symptoms Neck pain
Pain, dysthesias, anesthesias in arms and hands Bilateral

18 Spinal Stenosis Diagnosis
MRI/computerized tomography (CT) scan/patient examination Failure of nonoperative care —minimum 6 months Rest, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) medication, physical therapy, epidural steroid injections

19 Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy
The most common type of spinal cord dysfunction in patients older than 55 years Onset is usually insidious, with long periods of fixed disability and episodic worsening The first sign is commonly gait spasticity, followed by upper-extremity numbness and loss of fine motor control in the hands

20 Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy
Unlike most degenerative conditions of the back and neck, conservative treatment is not indicated Performing surgery relatively early (within 1 year of symptom onset) is associated with a substantial improvement in neurologic prognosis Delay in surgical treatment can result in permanent impairment

21 Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy
Symptoms Pain in the neck, subscapular area, or shoulder Anesthesias or paresthesias in the upper extremities Sensory changes in the lower extremities Motor weakness in the upper or lower extremities Gait difficulties “Upper motor neuron” findings; “lower motor neuron” findings

22 Treatment The goal of treatment relief of pain
prevention of permanent spinal cord and nerve root injury. In mild cases, no treatment is required. Symptoms from cervical spondylosis usually stabilize or regress with simple conservative therapy including a neck brace and NSAIDs.

23 Nonoperative treatment
Halter traction Cervical support and collar Massage Physical therapy Analgesics and muscle relaxants Local block

24 Halter traction

25 Cervical collar

26 Massage

27 Analgesics NSAIDS VOLTAREN Tramcontin Muscle relaxants

28 Cervical Spondylosis Without Myelopathy
Surgical care For radicular/neurologic symptoms Not for axial neck pain Dependent on the anatomy and the lordosis of the affected segments, and surgeon preference Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion Anterior cervical corpectomy (multiple levels) In some cases, adjunct posterior-instrumented fusion

29 Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy
Surgical care Posterior cervical fusion—instrumented Dependent upon the anatomy and the lordosis of the affected segments, and surgeon preference Posterior cervical fusion Laminoplasty May involve an adjunct anterior fusion procedure to address spondylosis

30 Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF)
High success rate >90% for 1 level Multilevels Disc removal/decompression Use of microscope Bone graft or other material for fusion Usually with plating

31 Anterior Cervical Corpectomy (and Fusion)
Multilevel spondylosis/spondylotic myelopathy Disc and vertebra removal Decompression Use of microscope Bone graft or other material for fusion Always with plating

32 Posterior Cervical Fusion
Cervical spondylotic myelopathy Decompression Bone graft or other material for fusion Instrumentation

33 Laminoplasty Stenosis Spondylotic myelopathy
Laminae are hinged laterally like an open door, creating more space Nerve and cord decompression

34 Artificial disc replacement (ADR)
Prosthesis Bryan

35

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37 Thank you


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