1. Your Community By the Numbers
Idaho Hunger Summit
Lia Bolden
Data Dissemination Specialist
U.S. Census Bureau
October 28, 2016
Welcome! My Name is Lia Bolden, Data Dissemination Specialist with the U.S. Census Bureau.
Today’s workshop is focusing on “The Power of Data” A look at Demographic, Economic and Housing Statistics: Wealth & Poverty

2. Agenda and Topics Census Bureau Geographies Data Visuals
Data Tools (live demo)
Demonstrations—census.gov; Census Explorer; QuickFacts; American FactFinder
Questions and Evaluation
Sources of Income and Poverty Data
American Community Survey
ACS Poverty and Income Datasets
Small Area Income and Poverty and Health Insurance Estimates SAIPE and SAHIE
Reports and Infographics
Resources
How would You Use the Data

3. What does the Census Bureau do?
Decennial Census
  Periodical Surveys
Every 10 years, Counts Residents
American Housing Survey (2015)
American Community Survey (ACS)
Annual Social, Economic and Housing data
 Other Surveys and Censuses
Current Population Survey (CPS)
National Crime and Victimization Survey (NCVS)
Health Interview Survey (HIS)
Consumer Expenditure Survey (CE)
Population Estimates
Economic Census
Census of Governments
The Census Bureau's mission is to serve as the leading source of quality data about the nation's people and economy.

4. How is Census Data Used? Building a strategic plan
Completing grant applications
Reviewing a marketing plan
Planning emergency management for any type of disaster
Assessing trends over time
Creating a business plan

5. Why Census Data is Important Helping Your Community Answer Questions …
How many people live here?
How has the number of people changed?
How old or young are the people?
What race and ethnicity are they?
How well educated are the people?
What languages do they speak?
How many single parents?
How many households are low-income?

6. 10 Largest Federal Programs that use Population and Income data as factors
Medical Assistance Program (Medicaid)
Unemployment Insurance
Highway Planning and Construction
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families
Federal Pell Grant Program
Title 1 Grants to Local Educational Agencies
Special Education Grants to States
National School Lunch Program
Head Start
So which programs use census data to determine eligibility?
Well that same report lists the top 10 federal programs that use census data as factors and I’m sure that most of you recognize most – if not all – of these programs. There’s Medicaid at the top, Unemployment Insurance…. ….Pell Grant Program, National School Lunch Program and the Head Start Program.
So obviously there’s some pretty well-know programs that use our data.

7. Data Access Foundation
Know Your Geography
Know what Data Set
Know What Story you are validating

8. Block level data only for Decennial Census
Census Geography Hierarchy
(with 2010 Statistical Area Criteria)
Revised
Central axis describes
a nesting relationship
Geography is central to our work of the Census Bureau providing the framework for the census, and survey work.
With connecting lines, the diagram shows the hierarchical relationships between geographic types. For example, a line extends from states to counties because a state is comprised of many counties, and a single county can never cross a state boundary.
If no line joins two geographic types, then an absolute and predictable relationship does not exist between them.
For example, many places are confined to one county. However, some places extend over more than one county, such as New York City. Therefore, an absolute hierarchical relationship does not exist between counties and places, and any tabulation involving both these geographic types may represent only a part of one county or one place.
Notice that many lines radiate from blocks, indicating that most geographic types can be described as a collection of blocks, the smallest geographic unit for which the Census Bureau reports data. However, only two of these lines also describe the path by which a block is uniquely named. That is, the path through the Block Group or through the Tribal Block Group.
Block
Groups
Types of Place
Cities and towns -- incorporated
Census Designated Places (CDPs):
- - Unincorporated; no size threshold
- - Separate and distinct from city/town
- - Redefined each census
600 to 3,000 population
240 to 1,200 housing units
Blocks not defined by population
Lowest geographic level for data
Census Tracts
1,200 to 8,000 population (optimum 4,000)
480 to 3,200 housing units
Block level data only for Decennial Census

9. Ada County, ID Places
Orange= Census Designated Places or CDPs, your unincorporated parts of the county, and purple are your incorporated parts of the county—your cities and townships. Anything in white does not have “Place” level data but you can still get data for these areas at the Census Tract, zip code or county-wide levels of geography.
GMU Center for Regional Analysis policy-cra.gmu.edu

10. Ada County, ID Census Tracts
And here’s what your Census Tracts look like.
This screen shot is taken from Tiger Web data-access tool on the Census website that I’ll demo that for you today, and from it you’ll see how you can get data for about a dozen ACS indicators using two editions of this tool.
GMU Center for Regional Analysis policy-cra.gmu.edu

11. Zip Code Tabulation Areas (ZCTA)s
Ada County, ID
Zip Code Tabulation Areas (ZCTA)s
And here’s what your ZCTA’s look like.
GMU Center for Regional Analysis policy-cra.gmu.edu

12. Income
Overview
There are many American Community Survey tables which provide information on the income of people living in the United States. Even for releases of data collected over three or five years, income data is reported in inflation-adjusted dollars for the release year.
Most income data is reported at the household level, but there are tables which are focused on family households, as well as some which report on individual income. There are also some tables which are particularly applicable to understanding income inequality, including one, B19083 which provides the Gini index for a place as its only column.
Income is reported in a number of ways: as a median value, or as a series of medians for groups within a total population; as a number of people or households earning in a certain bracket; as well as a few other structures.
Median Income
Median incomes are reported by household, with subsets for only family households and also for nonfamily households. One table, B19326 reports median income for individuals by sex.
For all of these tables, income refers to income for "the last 12 months" prior to the survey response.

13. Sources of Income and Poverty Data
American Community Survey (ACS)
Provides single and multi-year estimates for smaller areas
Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP)
Provides longitudinal estimates
Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE)
Provides model-based poverty estimates for counties and school
districts

14. What is Income?
Money Income” is the income received on a regular basis (excludes certain money such as capital gains and lump-sum payments) before payments for personal incomes taxes, social security, union dues, medicare deductions, etc.
We ask questions about the funds a person receives from various sources to create statistics about income, earnings, and poverty. These estimates help gauge the need for economic assistance for populations in need (such as children and seniors), and measure the economic well-being of the nation. Income and poverty estimates are often part of allocation formulas that determine how food, health care, job training, housing and other assistance are distributed.
Income questions originated with the 1940 Census, as a way to understand the financial situation of Americans in the wake of the Great Depression. Today, income estimates still help policy makers and others understand how such factors as where a person lives, the kind of work they do, and their education affect their earnings, and how those earnings compare to their housing costs (rent, mortgage, utilities, etc.). Income estimates are also vital for measuring poverty.

15. What is Considered Income?
Income Sources
Wages
Salary
Commissions
Bonuses
Tips
Self-Employment income from nonfarm or farm businesses
Interest
Proprietorships and partnerships
Dividends
Net rental income
Royalty income
Income from estates and trusts
Social Security
Railroad retirement income
Supplemental Security Income (SSI)
Cash public assistance
Welfare payments (state and local offices)
Retirement
Survivor or disability benefits
Veteran (VA) payments
Unemployment and/or worker’s compensation
Child support and alimony

16. Income and Benefits - ACS Question

17. Compare Sources

18. Current Population Survey
Current Population Survey (CPS)
Serves as the nation’s primary source of statistics on labor force characteristics.
The Annual Social and Economic Supplement provides the official annual statistics on the nation’s poverty levels as well as statistics on income, health insurance coverage, marital status, educational attainment, employee benefits, work schedules, school enrollment,  noncash benefits and migration.
CPS Table Creator
The CPS Table Creator gives you the ability to create customized tables from the Current Population Survey's Annual Social and Economic Supplement (CPS ASEC).

19. What is the ACS?
A large national survey that uses continuous measurement methods to produce detailed population and housing estimates each year
Designed to produce critical information that had previously come from the decennial census

20. ACS Content: Population
SOCIAL
Ancestry
Citizenship & Year of Entry
Disability Status
Educational Attainment
Field of Degree
Health Insurance
Grandparents
Fertility
Language
Marital Status & History
Place of Birth
Migration
Relationship
School Enrollment
Veteran Status
Computer Ownership & Internet Access
ECONOMIC
Employment & Work Status
Income & Earnings
Industry & Occupation
Class of Worker
Commuting
Poverty Status
SNAP Receipt
DEMOGRAPHIC
Age & Sex
Race & Hispanic Origin
Red text shows indicators that are available both from the ACS and the 2010 decennial census.
More than 69 indicators

22. Idaho Counties Median Household Income

23. Poverty

25. National 2014 Poverty Highlights
Stats
Official poverty rate 14.8 percent
46.7 million people in poverty
Rate was 2.3 percentage points higher than in 2007
The year before the most recent recession
Poverty rate for children under 18
21.1 percent from 19.9 percent in 2013
Poverty rate for people aged 18 to 64 was 13.5 percent
For 65 years and over was 10.0 percent
The poverty rate increased for people aged 25 and older with at least a bachelor’s degree
The poverty rate increased for married-couple families

26. Poverty
Following the Office of Management and Budget’s (OMB’s) Directive 14, the Census Bureau uses a set of “money income” thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who is in poverty. If the total income for a family or unrelated individual falls below the relevant poverty threshold, then the family (and every individual in it) or unrelated individual is considered in poverty.

27. 2015 Poverty Thresholds
Federal poverty thresholds in ranged from annual income of $12,331 for a one-person household to $24,036 for a family of four

28. Census Tracts—Percentage in Poverty: All People
Ada County, ID
Census Tracts—Percentage in Poverty: All People
This time we’re mapping poverty looking roughly at the same areas. You might want to try to understand how or whether SNAP usage impacts poverty by studying these two variables together.
ACS Year Estimates
GMU Center for Regional Analysis policy-cra.gmu.edu

29. Census Tracts—Percentage of SNAP Recipients
Ada County, ID
Census Tracts—Percentage of SNAP Recipients
Here’s a screenshot showing percentage of SNAP recipients in each Census tract in and around Boise. I’ve identified a handful of census tracts where percentage of SNAP usage is particularly high—according to the legend at least 26.6% and up to 40.3 % of these households use SNAP.
ACS Year Estimates
GMU Center for Regional Analysis policy-cra.gmu.edu

30. Census Tracts—Low Income and Low Access
Ada County, ID
Census Tracts—Low Income and Low Access
This last map is from the USDA Food Access Research Atlas showing you Census tract 24.12, which according to the ACS data, was neither highest percentage in poverty or SNAP usage in the prior two slides but is identified here as being a low income/low access food area.
USDA Food Access Research Atlas
GMU Center for Regional Analysis policy-cra.gmu.edu

31. ACS Content: Housing Tenure Occupancy & Structure Housing Value
Taxes & Insurance
Utilities
Mortgage/Monthly Rent
What Percentage of their income are households spending to pay monthly mortgage payments or rent?
What percentage of homes in my city are owner-occupied?
How do households heat their homes?
Red text shows indicators that are available both from the ACS and the 2010 decennial census.
What’s the vacancy rate of rental units in my city?

32. Ada County, ID
Census Tracts—Select Monthly Ownership Costs as a Percentage of Household Incomes
And here’s what your Census Tracts look like. As you can tell from the variations in their area sizes, they are much larger along the eastern parts of the county, closer to Anne Arundel County—where populations are more spread out. Census tracts closer to the District of Columbia are smaller, where populations are denser. This particular screenshot shows you median household income by Census Tracts—and again farther east, the communities tend to be wealthier than closer to the District of Columbia.
This screen shot is taken from Census Explorer—a data-access tool on the Census website that I’ll demo that for you today, and from it you’ll see how you can get data for about a dozen ACS indicators using two editions of this tool.
You know that ACS has more than 69 different indicators, most of which you’ll have to use another tool, American FactFinder, to access and create maps of. I’ll demo that for you as well.
ACS Year Estimates
GMU Center for Regional Analysis policy-cra.gmu.edu

33. Population Thresholds for ACS Estimates
1-year estimates
3-year estimates
5-year estimates
65,000+ people X
20,000+ people
Less than 20,000 people
New Estimates Released Every Single Year September-December 33

34. American Community Survey Data Products—Poverty (partial)
1-Year
3-Year
5-Year
DETAILED TABLES:
B Poverty Status by Sex by Age X
B17002—Ratio of Income to Poverty Level
B17003—Poverty Status of Individuals by Sex by Educational Attainment
B17004—Poverty Status of Individuals by Sex by Work Experience X 
B17005—Poverty Status of Individuals by Sex by Employment Status
B17006—Poverty Status of Related Children Under 18 Years by Family Type by Age of Related Children Under 18 Years
B17007—Poverty Status of Unrelated Individuals 15 Years and Over by Sex by Age
B17008—Aggregate Income Deficit (Dollars) of Unrelated Individuals by Sex
B17009—Poverty Status by Work Experience of Unrelated Individuals by Householder Status
B1710--Poverty Status of Families by Family Type by Presence of Related Children Under 18 Years by Age of Related Children
GEOGRAPHIC COMPARISON TABLES:
GCT1701—PERCENT OF PEOPLE BELOW POVERTY LEVEL IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS (FOR WHOM POVERTY STATUS IS DETERMINED)
GCT1702—PERCENT OF RELATED CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS BELOW POVERTY LEVEL IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS
PROFILE TABLES:
DP02-DP05 Data Profile—Social Characteristics Table (02), Economic Characteristics Table (03), Housing Characteristics Table (04), Demographic and Housing Characteristics Table (05)  X
CP02-CP05--Comparison Data Profile—Social Characteristics Table (02), Economic Characteristics Table (03), Housing Characteristics Table (04), Demographic and Housing Characteristics Table (05)

35. American Community Survey Data Products—Income (partial)
1-Year
3-Year
5-Year
DETAILED TABLES:
B19013—Median Household Income X
B19019—Median Household Income by Household Size
B19049—Median Household Income by Age of Householder
B19113—Median Family Income X 
B19119—Median Family Income by Family Size
B19121—Median Family Income by Number of Earners in Family
B19125—Median Family Income by Presence of Own Children Under 18 Years
B19126—Median Family Income by Family Type by Presence of Own Children Under 18 Years
B Median Nonfamily Household Income
B19215—Median Nonfamily Household Income by Sex of Householder by Living Alone by Age of Householder
B19326—Median Income by Sex by Work Experience in the Past 12 Months for the Population 15 Years and Over With Income
GEOGRAPHIC COMPARISON TABLES:
GCT1901—MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME (IN 2014 INFLATION-ADJUSTED DOLLARS)
GCT1902—MEDIAN FAMILY INCOME (IN 2014 INFLATION-ADJUSTED DOLLARS)
PROFILE TABLES:
DP02-DP05 Data Profile—Social Characteristics Table (02), Economic Characteristics Table (03), Housing Characteristics Table (04), Demographic and Housing Characteristics Table (05)  X
CP02-CP05--Comparison Data Profile—Social Characteristics Table (02), Economic Characteristics Table (03), Housing Characteristics Table (04), Demographic and Housing Characteristics Table (05)

36. Data for Small and/or Rural Communities
When searching for detailed information in small or rural communities, there are two programs that may be particularly helpful: the Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates and Small Area Health Insurance Estimates, also known as SAIPE and SAHIE, respectively.

37. Using Specific Data Tools: Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE)
Use this tool for:
Yearly data for ALL counties
Income + Poverty data for total population, children, and families
Data for school districts
Mapping capabilities
The U.S. Census Bureau, with support from other Federal agencies, originally created the Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates, or SAIPE, program to provide more current estimates of selected income and poverty statistics than the most recent decennial census.
Since modeling produces estimates with reduced sampling error, the SAIPE program continues to annually produce single-year model-based estimates for all school districts, counties, and states.
To use the SAIPE interactive tool, visit

38. Using Specific Data Tools: Small Area Health Insurance Estimates (SAHIE)
Use this tool for:
Yearly health insurance data for ALL counties
Demographic coverage comparisons
Mapping capabilities
The Small Area Health Insurance Estimates, or SAHIE, program was created to develop model-based estimates of health insurance coverage for counties and states. This program builds on the work of the Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE) program. SAHIE is only source of single-year health insurance coverage estimates for all U.S. counties.
To use the SAHIE interactive data tool, please visit

39. The Census Bureau releases periodic, and in some cases annual reports about poverty, including the annual “Income and Poverty in the United States,” report that uses data from the Current Population Survey or CPS. The 2014 edition of this report was released in September. The Census Bureau has also released a report on the Supplemental Poverty Measure for the years 2010 through 2014.

40. The Census Bureau also has a great repository of infographics including two published in 2014 about Poverty. The first of these infographics charts the history of the Poverty Measure itself while the second diagrams how the Census Bureau measures Poverty. They were released to commemorate the 50th anniversary of President Johnson’s 1964 declaration of his “war on poverty.”

41. Data Dissemination: Resources at the Local Level
Data Dissemination Specialists work in the local communities to demystify Census Bureau Data.

42. Data Dissemination Specialists
Provide the following services at the local level:
Data Trainings
Hands-on Workshops
Presentations
Webinars
Data Consultation
In a nutshell, Data Dissemination Specialists, or DDSs, speak data and we communicate with others about Census Bureau data in English (and sometimes other languages) depending on the needs of our communities. Whether conducting one-on-one webinars with business start-ups, or conducting large scale presentations at Universities, we strive to put the public in touch with the data they need.
Data Dissemination Specialists provide a wide variety of assistance. If you are interested in a specific type of training or presentation, please reach out to a specialist in your area.

43. There are 6 regional offices throughout the U. S
There are 6 regional offices throughout the U.S. and roughly forty data dissemination staff throughout the country. You can contact Data Dissemination Specialists via the Census Bureau’s regional offices, as shown on this map.

44. Thank you Please Complete the Evaluation!
Type of Event: Workshop/Training
Lead Census Presenter: Lia Bolden
Regional Location: Los Angeles
Thank you

45. Regional Office Contact Information
Los Angeles Regional Office
15350 Sherman Way, Suite 400 Van Nuys, CA (818) or FAX: (818) TDD: (818)
And, here you’ll find regional office contact information.

46. Contact Information
Customer Services Call Center
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