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The One Dozen Word Pairs Legal Professionals

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Presentation on theme: "The One Dozen Word Pairs Legal Professionals"— Presentation transcript:

1

2 The One Dozen Word Pairs Legal Professionals
Most Often Confuse

3 12

4 12 Lay/Lie

5 12 Lay/Lie the confusion:

6 12 Lay/Lie the confusion: “lay” is the present tense of “to lay” but the past tense of “to lie”

7 12 Lay/Lie the confusion: “lay” is the present tense of “to lay” but the past tense of “to lie” I lay

8 12 Lay/Lie the confusion: “lay” is the present tense of “to lay” but the past tense of “to lie” I lay the book on the table.

9 12 Lay/Lie the confusion: “lay” is the present tense of “to lay” but the past tense of “to lie” I lay the book on the table. Right now.

10 12 Lay/Lie the confusion: “lay” is the present tense of “to lay” but the past tense of “to lie” I lay

11 12 Lay/Lie the confusion: “lay” is the present tense of “to lay” but the past tense of “to lie” I lay down in the hammock.

12 12 Lay/Lie the confusion: “lay” is the present tense of “to lay” but the past tense of “to lie” I lay down in the hammock. Yesterday.

13 I ___ down and ___ my head on the pillow.
12 Lay/Lie I ___ down and ___ my head on the pillow.

14 I lie down and lay my head on the pillow.
12 Lay/Lie I lie down and lay my head on the pillow.

15 I ___ down and ____ my head on the pillow.
12 Lay/Lie I ___ down and ____ my head on the pillow.

16 I lay down and laid my head on the pillow.
12 Lay/Lie I lay down and laid my head on the pillow.

17 12 Lay/Lie remember:

18 remember: to lay - requires an object
12 Lay/Lie remember: to lay - requires an object

19 remember: to lay - requires an object to lie - never has an object
12 Lay/Lie remember: to lay - requires an object to lie - never has an object

20 12 Lay/Lie remember: to lay - requires an object - past tense is laid to lie - never has an object

21 12 Lay/Lie remember: to lay - requires an object - past tense is laid to lie - never has an object - past tense is lay

22 12 Lay/Lie remember: I lie down.

23 11

24 Me/Myself

25 Never use “myself” in place of “I.”
Me/Myself Never use “myself” in place of “I.”

26 Me/Myself Never use “myself” in place of “I.” When Axl, Izzy, and myself booked a punk-rock style tour of the West Coast in 1985, we went and found guys who DID!

27 Me/Myself Never use “myself” in place of “I.” When Axl, Izzy, and myself booked a punk-rock style tour of the West Coast in 1985, we went and found guys who DID!

28 Me/Myself Never use “myself” in place of “I.” When Axl, Izzy, and I booked a punk-rock style tour of the West Coast in 1985, we went and found guys who DID!

29 Me/Myself Never use “myself” in place of “I.” When Axl, Izzy, and I booked a punk-rock style tour of the West Coast in 1985, we went and found guys who DID!

30 Me/Myself Never use “myself” in place of “I.” My letter to Mr. Gallagher was written after our meeting earlier this year during which myself and the General Manager explained at length why the District should serve as lead agency.

31 Me/Myself Never use “myself” in place of “I.” My letter to Mr. Gallagher was written after our meeting earlier this year during which myself and the General Manager explained at length why the District should serve as lead agency.

32 Me/Myself Never use “myself” in place of “I.” My letter to Mr. Gallagher was written after our meeting earlier this year during which I and the General Manager explained at length why the District should serve as lead agency.

33 Me/Myself Never use “myself” in place of “I.” My letter to Mr. Gallagher was written after our meeting earlier this year during which the General Manager and I explained at length why the District should serve as lead agency.

34 Me/Myself Never use “myself” in place of “I.” My letter to Mr. Gallagher was written after our meeting earlier this year during which the General Manager and I explained at length why the District should serve as lead agency.

35 Use “myself” only as an object
Me/Myself Use “myself” only as an object

36 Use “myself” only as an object and only if “I” is acting on “myself.”
Me/Myself Use “myself” only as an object and only if “I” is acting on “myself.”

37 Me/Myself Use “myself” only as an object and only if “I” is acting on “myself.” I have enclosed information related to the relevant areas of practice, as well as profiles on myself and Paul.

38 Me/Myself Use “myself” only as an object and only if “I” is acting on “myself.” I have enclosed information related to the relevant areas of practice, as well as profiles on myself and Paul.

39 Me/Myself Use “myself” only as an object and only if “I” is acting on “myself.” I have enclosed information related to the relevant areas of practice, as well as profiles on Paul and myself.

40 Me/Myself Use “myself” only as an object and only if “I” is acting on “myself.” I have enclosed information related to the relevant areas of practice, as well as profiles on Paul and myself.

41 10

42 Can/May

43 Can/May can

44 Can/May can - capability

45 can - capability He can fix a leak with a paper clip.
Can/May can - capability He can fix a leak with a paper clip.

46 can - capability He can fix a leak with a paper clip. may
Can/May can - capability He can fix a leak with a paper clip. may

47 can - capability He can fix a leak with a paper clip. may - permission
Can/May can - capability He can fix a leak with a paper clip. may - permission

48 Can/May can - capability He can fix a leak with a paper clip. may - permission You may not come in here.

49 Can/May Disciplinary rules are mandatory and state the level of conduct below which no practi-tioner can fall without being disciplined.

50 Can/May Disciplinary rules are mandatory and state the level of conduct below which no practi-tioner can fall without being disciplined.

51 Can/May Disciplinary rules are mandatory and state the level of conduct below which no practi-tioner may fall without being disciplined.

52 Can/May Disciplinary rules are mandatory and state the level of conduct below which no practi-tioner may fall without being disciplined.

53 9

54 9 Adverse/Averse

55 9 Adverse/Averse adverse

56 adverse – refers only to a thing
9 Adverse/Averse adverse – refers only to a thing

57 adverse – refers only to a thing like a judge’s ruling
9 Adverse/Averse adverse – refers only to a thing like a judge’s ruling

58 9 Adverse/Averse adverse – refers only to a thing like a judge’s ruling a person cannot be adverse

59 9 Adverse/Averse adverse – refers only to a thing like a judge’s ruling a person cannot be adverse averse

60 9 Adverse/Averse adverse – refers only to a thing like a judge’s ruling a person cannot be adverse averse – always followed by “to”

61 9 Adverse/Averse adverse – refers only to a thing like a judge’s ruling a person cannot be adverse averse – always followed by “to” or a period

62 9 Adverse/Averse The NDA was drafted: 1) to provide effective coverage for the IP of both parties; and 2) not to be so onerous that someone would be adverse to signing it.

63 9 Adverse/Averse The NDA was drafted: 1) to provide effective coverage for the IP of both parties; and 2) not to be so onerous that someone would be adverse to signing it.

64 9 Adverse/Averse The NDA was drafted: 1) to provide effective coverage for the IP of both parties; and 2) not to be so onerous that someone would be averse to signing it.

65 9 Adverse/Averse The NDA was drafted: 1) to provide effective coverage for the IP of both parties; and 2) not to be so onerous that someone would be averse to signing it.

66 Will she be adverse to commenting on Bailey’s coaching style?
9 Adverse/Averse Will she be adverse to commenting on Bailey’s coaching style?

67 Will she be adverse to commenting on Bailey’s coaching style?
9 Adverse/Averse Will she be adverse to commenting on Bailey’s coaching style?

68 Will she be averse to commenting on Bailey’s coaching style?
9 Adverse/Averse Will she be averse to commenting on Bailey’s coaching style?

69 Will she be averse to commenting on Bailey’s coaching style?
9 Adverse/Averse Will she be averse to commenting on Bailey’s coaching style?

70 8

71 8 Between/Among

72 8 Between/Among between

73 between - never more than two
8 Between/Among between - never more than two

74 between - never more than two among
8 Between/Among between - never more than two among

75 between - never more than two among - never fewer than three
8 Between/Among between - never more than two among - never fewer than three

76 8 Between/Among With $119 billion between them, these 29 billionaires under 40 years old have it made.

77 8 Between/Among With $119 billion between them, these 29 billionaires under 40 years old have it made.

78 8 Between/Among With $119 billion among them, these 29 billionaires under 40 years old have it made.

79 8 Between/Among With $119 billion among them, these 29 billionaires under 40 years old have it made.

80 8 Between/Among curve ball

81 curve ball “between” also applies where three or more entities:
8 Between/Among curve ball “between” also applies where three or more entities:

82 8 Between/Among curve ball “between” also applies where three or more entities: interact two at a time

83 The treaty among the five countries was signed thirty days later.
8 Between/Among The treaty among the five countries was signed thirty days later.

84 The treaty among the five countries was signed thirty days later.
8 Between/Among The treaty among the five countries was signed thirty days later.

85 The treaty between the five countries was signed thirty days later.
8 Between/Among The treaty between the five countries was signed thirty days later.

86 The treaty between the five countries was signed thirty days later.
8 Between/Among The treaty between the five countries was signed thirty days later.

87 8 Between/Among curve ball “between” also applies where three or more entities: interact two at a time

88 8 Between/Among curve ball “between” also applies where three or more entities: interact two at a time divide into two groups

89 8 Between/Among One pivotal case was among oil companies Conoco and BP and representatives of the food industry.

90 8 Between/Among One pivotal case was among oil companies Conoco and BP and representatives of the food industry.

91 8 Between/Among One pivotal case was between oil companies Conoco and BP and representatives of the food industry.

92 8 Between/Among One pivotal case was between oil companies Conoco and BP and representatives of the food industry.

93 7

94 7 Anxious/Eager

95 7 Anxious/Eager anxious

96 anxious – sweaty palms and concern
7 Anxious/Eager anxious – sweaty palms and concern

97 anxious – sweaty palms and concern eager
7 Anxious/Eager anxious – sweaty palms and concern eager

98 anxious – sweaty palms and concern eager – excitement and impatience
7 Anxious/Eager anxious – sweaty palms and concern eager – excitement and impatience

99 7 Anxious/Eager I am anxious to begin negotiations and trust we can resolve our differences in a modicum of time.

100 7 Anxious/Eager I am anxious to begin negotiations and trust we can resolve our differences in a modicum of time.

101 7 Anxious/Eager I am eager to begin negotiations and trust we can resolve our differences in a modicum of time.

102 7 Anxious/Eager I am eager to begin negotiations and trust we can resolve our differences in a modicum of time.

103 6

104 6 Fewer/Less

105 6 Fewer/Less fewer

106 6 Fewer/Less fewer – numbers

107 fewer – numbers – can be separated
6 Fewer/Less fewer – numbers – can be separated

108 fewer – numbers – can be separated less
6 Fewer/Less fewer – numbers – can be separated less

109 fewer – numbers – can be separated less – measurement
6 Fewer/Less fewer – numbers – can be separated less – measurement

110 6 Fewer/Less fewer – numbers – can be separated less – measurement – cannot be separated

111 6 Fewer/Less fewer trees

112 fewer trees - less shade
6 Fewer/Less fewer trees less shade

113 fewer trees - less shade fewer chickens
6 Fewer/Less fewer trees less shade fewer chickens

114 fewer trees - less shade fewer chickens - less chicken
6 Fewer/Less fewer trees less shade fewer chickens less chicken

115 fewer trees - less shade fewer chickens - less chicken fewer items
6 Fewer/Less fewer trees less shade fewer chickens less chicken fewer items

116 6 Fewer/Less fewer trees less shade fewer chickens less chicken fewer items less time at checkout

117 Ad for new Ford Escape Hybrid:
6 Fewer/Less Ad for new Ford Escape Hybrid:

118 6 Fewer/Less Ad for new Ford Escape Hybrid: That means less trips to the gas station.

119 6 Fewer/Less Ad for new Ford Escape Hybrid: That means less trips to the gas station.

120 6 Fewer/Less Ad for new Ford Escape Hybrid: That means fewer trips to the gas station.

121 6 Fewer/Less Ad for new Ford Escape Hybrid: That means fewer trips to the gas station.

122 Maybe you’re seeing less volume on your route or less customers.
6 Fewer/Less Maybe you’re seeing less volume on your route or less customers.

123 Maybe you’re seeing less volume on your route or less customers.
6 Fewer/Less Maybe you’re seeing less volume on your route or less customers.

124 Maybe you’re seeing less volume on your route or fewer customers.
6 Fewer/Less Maybe you’re seeing less volume on your route or fewer customers.

125 Maybe you’re seeing less volume on your route or fewer customers.
6 Fewer/Less Maybe you’re seeing less volume on your route or fewer customers.

126 5

127 5 Comprise/Compose

128 5 Comprise/Compose are similar

129 are similar but come from opposite directions
5 Comprise/Compose are similar but come from opposite directions

130 5 Comprise/Compose are similar but come from opposite directions the parts compose the whole

131 5 Comprise/Compose are similar but come from opposite directions the parts compose the whole the whole comprises the parts

132 5 Comprise/Compose are similar but come from opposite directions the parts compose the whole the whole comprises the parts comprise should never be followed by “of”

133 5 Comprise/Compose All GooseDown USA products are comprised of materials purchased from American sources.

134 5 Comprise/Compose All GooseDown USA products are comprised of materials purchased from American sources.

135 5 Comprise/Compose All GooseDown USA products are composed of materials purchased from American sources.

136 5 Comprise/Compose All GooseDown USA products are comprised of materials purchased from American sources.

137 5 Comprise/Compose All GooseDown USA products comprise materials purchased from American sources.

138 5 Comprise/Compose All GooseDown USA products comprise materials purchased from American sources.

139 4

140 Imply/Infer

141 each has a different point of view:
Imply/Infer each has a different point of view:

142 Imply/Infer each has a different point of view: only a reader or listener can infer

143 Imply/Infer each has a different point of view: only a reader or listener can infer I imply from his response he has no intention of settling.

144 Imply/Infer each has a different point of view: only a reader or listener can infer I imply from his response he has no intention of settling.

145 Imply/Infer each has a different point of view: only a reader or listener can infer I infer from his response he has no intention of settling.

146 Imply/Infer each has a different point of view: only a reader or listener can infer

147 each has a different point of view: only a writer or speaker can imply
Imply/Infer each has a different point of view: only a writer or speaker can imply

148 Imply/Infer each has a different point of view: only a writer or speaker can imply On the stand, Mr. Blackstone inferred he had attended only one of the meetings.

149 Imply/Infer each has a different point of view: only a writer or speaker can imply On the stand, Mr. Blackstone inferred he had attended only one of the meetings.

150 Imply/Infer each has a different point of view: only a writer or speaker can imply On the stand, Mr. Blackstone implied he had attended only one of the meetings.

151 Imply/Infer each has a different point of view: only a writer or speaker can imply On the stand, Mr. Blackstone implied he had attended only one of the meetings.

152 3

153 Who/Whom

154 Who/Whom who – subject

155 Who/Whom who – subject whom

156 who – subject whom – object
Who/Whom who – subject whom – object

157 who – subject whom – object Who did you wish to see?
Who/Whom who – subject whom – object Who did you wish to see?

158 Who/Whom who – subject whom – object Who did you wish to see? Whom shall I say is calling?

159 Who/Whom who – subject whom – object Who Did you wish to see she? Whom shall I say is calling?

160 Who/Whom who – subject whom – object Who Did you wish to see her? Whom shall I say is calling?

161 Who/Whom who – subject whom – object Whom did you wish to see? Whom shall I say is calling?

162 Who/Whom who – subject whom – object Whom did you wish to see? Whom shall I say is calling?

163 Who/Whom who – subject whom – object Whom did you wish to see? Whom Shall I say her is calling?

164 Who/Whom who – subject whom – object Whom did you wish to see? Whom Shall I say she is calling?

165 Who/Whom who – subject whom – object Whom did you wish to see? Who shall I say is calling?

166 Who/Whom who – subject whom – object Whom did you wish to see? Who shall I say is calling?

167 Who/Whom who – subject whom – object I am writing this to _____ is in charge. That depends on _____ you want to go.

168 Who/Whom who – subject whom – object I am writing this to Him is in charge. That depends on _____ you want to go.

169 Who/Whom who – subject whom – object I am writing this to He is in charge. That depends on _____ you want to go.

170 Who/Whom who – subject whom – object I am writing this to whoever is in charge. That depends on _____ you want to go.

171 Who/Whom who – subject whom – object I am writing this to whoever is in charge. That depends on _____ you want to go.

172 Who/Whom who – subject whom – object I am writing this to whoever is in charge. That depends on Do you want he to go.

173 Who/Whom who – subject whom – object I am writing this to whoever is in charge. That depends on Do you want him to go.

174 Who/Whom who – subject whom – object I am writing this to whoever is in charge. That depends on whom you want to go.

175 Who/Whom who – subject whom – object I am writing this to whoever is in charge. That depends on whom you want to go.

176 Who/Whom who – subject whom – object Who do you think President Obama or Romney would nominate for the Supreme Court?

177 Who/Whom who – subject whom – object Who Do you think President Obama or Romney would nominate she for the Supreme Court?

178 Who/Whom who – subject whom – object Who Do you think President Obama or Romney would nominate her for the Supreme Court?

179 Who/Whom who – subject whom – object Whom do you think President Obama or Romney would nominate for the Supreme Court?

180 Who/Whom who – subject whom – object Whom do you think President Obama or Romney would nominate for the Supreme Court?

181 2

182 2 Affect/Effect

183 Affect/Effect affect

184 affect – almost always a verb
Affect/Effect affect – almost always a verb

185 affect – almost always a verb This affects our case.
Affect/Effect affect – almost always a verb This affects our case.

186 affect – almost always a verb This affects our case. effect
Affect/Effect affect – almost always a verb This affects our case. effect

187 Affect/Effect affect – almost always a verb This affects our case. effect – almost always a noun

188 Affect/Effect affect – almost always a verb This affects our case. effect – almost always a noun This will have an effect on our case.

189 affect – almost always a verb
Affect/Effect affect – almost always a verb

190 affect – almost always a verb but can be a noun
Affect/Effect affect – almost always a verb but can be a noun

191 Affect/Effect affect – almost always a verb but can be a noun After her testimony, her affect was surprisingly calm.

192 effect – almost always a noun
Affect/Effect effect – almost always a noun

193 effect – almost always a noun but can be a verb
Affect/Effect effect – almost always a noun but can be a verb

194 Affect/Effect effect – almost always a noun but can be a verb The law has not effected the change legislators predicted.

195 1

196 That/Which

197 That/Which that

198 That/Which that – restrictive

199 that – restrictive which
That/Which that – restrictive which

200 that – restrictive which – nonrestrictive
That/Which that – restrictive which – nonrestrictive

201 that – restrictive – essential which – nonrestrictive
That/Which that – restrictive – essential which – nonrestrictive

202 that – restrictive – essential which – nonrestrictive – nonessential
That/Which that – restrictive – essential which – nonrestrictive – nonessential

203 That/Which that – restrictive – essential – distinguishes which – nonrestrictive – nonessential

204 That/Which that – restrictive – essential – distinguishes which – nonrestrictive – nonessential – merely adds information

205 That/Which The Commerce Bank that sits at Fifth and Pine does not charge its customers to use the ATM.

206 That/Which The Commerce Bank that sits at Fifth and Pine does not charge its customers to use the ATM. How many banks?

207 That/Which The Commerce Bank that sits at Fifth and Pine does not charge its customers to use the ATM. How many banks? More than one.

208 That/Which The Commerce Bank that sits at Fifth and Pine does not charge its customers to use the ATM. How many banks? More than one. Which one are we talking about?

209 That/Which The Commerce Bank that sits at Fifth and Pine does not charge its customers to use the ATM. How many banks? More than one. Which one are we talking about? The one at Fifth and Pine.

210 That/Which The Commerce Bank that sits at Fifth and Pine does not charge its customers to use the ATM. How many banks? More than one. Which one are we talking about? The one at Fifth and Pine. The clause restricts us to that bank.

211 That/Which The Commerce Bank that sits at Fifth and Pine does not charge its customers to use the ATM. How many banks? More than one. Which one are we talking about? The one at Fifth and Pine. The clause restricts us to that bank. This is essential information.

212 That/Which The Commerce Bank, which sits at Fifth and Pine, does not charge its customers to use the ATM.

213 That/Which The Commerce Bank, which sits at Fifth and Pine, does not charge its customers to use the ATM. How many banks?

214 That/Which The Commerce Bank, which sits at Fifth and Pine, does not charge its customers to use the ATM. How many banks? Only one.

215 That/Which The Commerce Bank, which sits at Fifth and Pine, does not charge its customers to use the ATM. How many banks? Only one. Where is it?

216 That/Which The Commerce Bank, which sits at Fifth and Pine, does not charge its customers to use the ATM. How many banks? Only one. Where is it? At Fifth and Pine.

217 That/Which The Commerce Bank, which sits at Fifth and Pine, does not charge its customers to use the ATM. How many banks? Only one. Where is it? At Fifth and Pine. The clause does not distinguish this Commerce Bank from other Commerce Banks;

218 That/Which The Commerce Bank, which sits at Fifth and Pine, does not charge its customers to use the ATM. How many banks? Only one. Where is it? At Fifth and Pine. The clause does not distinguish this Commerce Bank from other Commerce Banks; it merely adds information,

219 That/Which The Commerce Bank, which sits at Fifth and Pine, does not charge its customers to use the ATM. How many banks? Only one. Where is it? At Fifth and Pine. The clause does not distinguish this Commerce Bank from other Commerce Banks; it merely adds information, non-essential information.

220


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