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The One Dozen Word Pairs Legal Professionals
Most Often Confuse
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12
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12 Lay/Lie
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12 Lay/Lie the confusion:
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12 Lay/Lie the confusion: “lay” is the present tense of “to lay” but the past tense of “to lie”
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12 Lay/Lie the confusion: “lay” is the present tense of “to lay” but the past tense of “to lie” I lay
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12 Lay/Lie the confusion: “lay” is the present tense of “to lay” but the past tense of “to lie” I lay the book on the table.
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12 Lay/Lie the confusion: “lay” is the present tense of “to lay” but the past tense of “to lie” I lay the book on the table. Right now.
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12 Lay/Lie the confusion: “lay” is the present tense of “to lay” but the past tense of “to lie” I lay
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12 Lay/Lie the confusion: “lay” is the present tense of “to lay” but the past tense of “to lie” I lay down in the hammock.
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12 Lay/Lie the confusion: “lay” is the present tense of “to lay” but the past tense of “to lie” I lay down in the hammock. Yesterday.
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I ___ down and ___ my head on the pillow.
12 Lay/Lie I ___ down and ___ my head on the pillow.
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I lie down and lay my head on the pillow.
12 Lay/Lie I lie down and lay my head on the pillow.
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I ___ down and ____ my head on the pillow.
12 Lay/Lie I ___ down and ____ my head on the pillow.
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I lay down and laid my head on the pillow.
12 Lay/Lie I lay down and laid my head on the pillow.
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12 Lay/Lie remember:
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remember: to lay - requires an object
12 Lay/Lie remember: to lay - requires an object
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remember: to lay - requires an object to lie - never has an object
12 Lay/Lie remember: to lay - requires an object to lie - never has an object
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12 Lay/Lie remember: to lay - requires an object - past tense is laid to lie - never has an object
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12 Lay/Lie remember: to lay - requires an object - past tense is laid to lie - never has an object - past tense is lay
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12 Lay/Lie remember: I lie down.
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Me/Myself
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Never use “myself” in place of “I.”
Me/Myself Never use “myself” in place of “I.”
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Me/Myself Never use “myself” in place of “I.” When Axl, Izzy, and myself booked a punk-rock style tour of the West Coast in 1985, we went and found guys who DID!
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Me/Myself Never use “myself” in place of “I.” When Axl, Izzy, and myself booked a punk-rock style tour of the West Coast in 1985, we went and found guys who DID!
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Me/Myself Never use “myself” in place of “I.” When Axl, Izzy, and I booked a punk-rock style tour of the West Coast in 1985, we went and found guys who DID!
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Me/Myself Never use “myself” in place of “I.” When Axl, Izzy, and I booked a punk-rock style tour of the West Coast in 1985, we went and found guys who DID!
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Me/Myself Never use “myself” in place of “I.” My letter to Mr. Gallagher was written after our meeting earlier this year during which myself and the General Manager explained at length why the District should serve as lead agency.
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Me/Myself Never use “myself” in place of “I.” My letter to Mr. Gallagher was written after our meeting earlier this year during which myself and the General Manager explained at length why the District should serve as lead agency.
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Me/Myself Never use “myself” in place of “I.” My letter to Mr. Gallagher was written after our meeting earlier this year during which I and the General Manager explained at length why the District should serve as lead agency.
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Me/Myself Never use “myself” in place of “I.” My letter to Mr. Gallagher was written after our meeting earlier this year during which the General Manager and I explained at length why the District should serve as lead agency.
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Me/Myself Never use “myself” in place of “I.” My letter to Mr. Gallagher was written after our meeting earlier this year during which the General Manager and I explained at length why the District should serve as lead agency.
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Use “myself” only as an object
Me/Myself Use “myself” only as an object
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Use “myself” only as an object and only if “I” is acting on “myself.”
Me/Myself Use “myself” only as an object and only if “I” is acting on “myself.”
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Me/Myself Use “myself” only as an object and only if “I” is acting on “myself.” I have enclosed information related to the relevant areas of practice, as well as profiles on myself and Paul.
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Me/Myself Use “myself” only as an object and only if “I” is acting on “myself.” I have enclosed information related to the relevant areas of practice, as well as profiles on myself and Paul.
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Me/Myself Use “myself” only as an object and only if “I” is acting on “myself.” I have enclosed information related to the relevant areas of practice, as well as profiles on Paul and myself.
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Me/Myself Use “myself” only as an object and only if “I” is acting on “myself.” I have enclosed information related to the relevant areas of practice, as well as profiles on Paul and myself.
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Can/May
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Can/May can
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Can/May can - capability
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can - capability He can fix a leak with a paper clip.
Can/May can - capability He can fix a leak with a paper clip.
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can - capability He can fix a leak with a paper clip. may
Can/May can - capability He can fix a leak with a paper clip. may
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can - capability He can fix a leak with a paper clip. may - permission
Can/May can - capability He can fix a leak with a paper clip. may - permission
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Can/May can - capability He can fix a leak with a paper clip. may - permission You may not come in here.
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Can/May Disciplinary rules are mandatory and state the level of conduct below which no practi-tioner can fall without being disciplined.
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Can/May Disciplinary rules are mandatory and state the level of conduct below which no practi-tioner can fall without being disciplined.
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Can/May Disciplinary rules are mandatory and state the level of conduct below which no practi-tioner may fall without being disciplined.
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Can/May Disciplinary rules are mandatory and state the level of conduct below which no practi-tioner may fall without being disciplined.
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9
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9 Adverse/Averse
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9 Adverse/Averse adverse
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adverse – refers only to a thing
9 Adverse/Averse adverse – refers only to a thing
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adverse – refers only to a thing like a judge’s ruling
9 Adverse/Averse adverse – refers only to a thing like a judge’s ruling
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9 Adverse/Averse adverse – refers only to a thing like a judge’s ruling a person cannot be adverse
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9 Adverse/Averse adverse – refers only to a thing like a judge’s ruling a person cannot be adverse averse
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9 Adverse/Averse adverse – refers only to a thing like a judge’s ruling a person cannot be adverse averse – always followed by “to”
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9 Adverse/Averse adverse – refers only to a thing like a judge’s ruling a person cannot be adverse averse – always followed by “to” or a period
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9 Adverse/Averse The NDA was drafted: 1) to provide effective coverage for the IP of both parties; and 2) not to be so onerous that someone would be adverse to signing it.
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9 Adverse/Averse The NDA was drafted: 1) to provide effective coverage for the IP of both parties; and 2) not to be so onerous that someone would be adverse to signing it.
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9 Adverse/Averse The NDA was drafted: 1) to provide effective coverage for the IP of both parties; and 2) not to be so onerous that someone would be averse to signing it.
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9 Adverse/Averse The NDA was drafted: 1) to provide effective coverage for the IP of both parties; and 2) not to be so onerous that someone would be averse to signing it.
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Will she be adverse to commenting on Bailey’s coaching style?
9 Adverse/Averse Will she be adverse to commenting on Bailey’s coaching style?
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Will she be adverse to commenting on Bailey’s coaching style?
9 Adverse/Averse Will she be adverse to commenting on Bailey’s coaching style?
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Will she be averse to commenting on Bailey’s coaching style?
9 Adverse/Averse Will she be averse to commenting on Bailey’s coaching style?
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Will she be averse to commenting on Bailey’s coaching style?
9 Adverse/Averse Will she be averse to commenting on Bailey’s coaching style?
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8
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8 Between/Among
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8 Between/Among between
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between - never more than two
8 Between/Among between - never more than two
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between - never more than two among
8 Between/Among between - never more than two among
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between - never more than two among - never fewer than three
8 Between/Among between - never more than two among - never fewer than three
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8 Between/Among With $119 billion between them, these 29 billionaires under 40 years old have it made.
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8 Between/Among With $119 billion between them, these 29 billionaires under 40 years old have it made.
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8 Between/Among With $119 billion among them, these 29 billionaires under 40 years old have it made.
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8 Between/Among With $119 billion among them, these 29 billionaires under 40 years old have it made.
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8 Between/Among curve ball
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curve ball “between” also applies where three or more entities:
8 Between/Among curve ball “between” also applies where three or more entities:
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8 Between/Among curve ball “between” also applies where three or more entities: interact two at a time
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The treaty among the five countries was signed thirty days later.
8 Between/Among The treaty among the five countries was signed thirty days later.
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The treaty among the five countries was signed thirty days later.
8 Between/Among The treaty among the five countries was signed thirty days later.
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The treaty between the five countries was signed thirty days later.
8 Between/Among The treaty between the five countries was signed thirty days later.
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The treaty between the five countries was signed thirty days later.
8 Between/Among The treaty between the five countries was signed thirty days later.
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8 Between/Among curve ball “between” also applies where three or more entities: interact two at a time
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8 Between/Among curve ball “between” also applies where three or more entities: interact two at a time divide into two groups
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8 Between/Among One pivotal case was among oil companies Conoco and BP and representatives of the food industry.
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8 Between/Among One pivotal case was among oil companies Conoco and BP and representatives of the food industry.
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8 Between/Among One pivotal case was between oil companies Conoco and BP and representatives of the food industry.
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8 Between/Among One pivotal case was between oil companies Conoco and BP and representatives of the food industry.
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7
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7 Anxious/Eager
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7 Anxious/Eager anxious
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anxious – sweaty palms and concern
7 Anxious/Eager anxious – sweaty palms and concern
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anxious – sweaty palms and concern eager
7 Anxious/Eager anxious – sweaty palms and concern eager
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anxious – sweaty palms and concern eager – excitement and impatience
7 Anxious/Eager anxious – sweaty palms and concern eager – excitement and impatience
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7 Anxious/Eager I am anxious to begin negotiations and trust we can resolve our differences in a modicum of time.
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7 Anxious/Eager I am anxious to begin negotiations and trust we can resolve our differences in a modicum of time.
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7 Anxious/Eager I am eager to begin negotiations and trust we can resolve our differences in a modicum of time.
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7 Anxious/Eager I am eager to begin negotiations and trust we can resolve our differences in a modicum of time.
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6
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6 Fewer/Less
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6 Fewer/Less fewer
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6 Fewer/Less fewer – numbers
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fewer – numbers – can be separated
6 Fewer/Less fewer – numbers – can be separated
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fewer – numbers – can be separated less
6 Fewer/Less fewer – numbers – can be separated less
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fewer – numbers – can be separated less – measurement
6 Fewer/Less fewer – numbers – can be separated less – measurement
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6 Fewer/Less fewer – numbers – can be separated less – measurement – cannot be separated
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6 Fewer/Less fewer trees
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fewer trees - less shade
6 Fewer/Less fewer trees less shade
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fewer trees - less shade fewer chickens
6 Fewer/Less fewer trees less shade fewer chickens
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fewer trees - less shade fewer chickens - less chicken
6 Fewer/Less fewer trees less shade fewer chickens less chicken
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fewer trees - less shade fewer chickens - less chicken fewer items
6 Fewer/Less fewer trees less shade fewer chickens less chicken fewer items
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6 Fewer/Less fewer trees less shade fewer chickens less chicken fewer items less time at checkout
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Ad for new Ford Escape Hybrid:
6 Fewer/Less Ad for new Ford Escape Hybrid:
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6 Fewer/Less Ad for new Ford Escape Hybrid: That means less trips to the gas station.
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6 Fewer/Less Ad for new Ford Escape Hybrid: That means less trips to the gas station.
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6 Fewer/Less Ad for new Ford Escape Hybrid: That means fewer trips to the gas station.
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6 Fewer/Less Ad for new Ford Escape Hybrid: That means fewer trips to the gas station.
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Maybe you’re seeing less volume on your route or less customers.
6 Fewer/Less Maybe you’re seeing less volume on your route or less customers.
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Maybe you’re seeing less volume on your route or less customers.
6 Fewer/Less Maybe you’re seeing less volume on your route or less customers.
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Maybe you’re seeing less volume on your route or fewer customers.
6 Fewer/Less Maybe you’re seeing less volume on your route or fewer customers.
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Maybe you’re seeing less volume on your route or fewer customers.
6 Fewer/Less Maybe you’re seeing less volume on your route or fewer customers.
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5 Comprise/Compose
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5 Comprise/Compose are similar
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are similar but come from opposite directions
5 Comprise/Compose are similar but come from opposite directions
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5 Comprise/Compose are similar but come from opposite directions the parts compose the whole
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5 Comprise/Compose are similar but come from opposite directions the parts compose the whole the whole comprises the parts
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5 Comprise/Compose are similar but come from opposite directions the parts compose the whole the whole comprises the parts comprise should never be followed by “of”
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5 Comprise/Compose All GooseDown USA products are comprised of materials purchased from American sources.
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5 Comprise/Compose All GooseDown USA products are comprised of materials purchased from American sources.
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5 Comprise/Compose All GooseDown USA products are composed of materials purchased from American sources.
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5 Comprise/Compose All GooseDown USA products are comprised of materials purchased from American sources.
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5 Comprise/Compose All GooseDown USA products comprise materials purchased from American sources.
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5 Comprise/Compose All GooseDown USA products comprise materials purchased from American sources.
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Imply/Infer
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each has a different point of view:
Imply/Infer each has a different point of view:
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Imply/Infer each has a different point of view: only a reader or listener can infer
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Imply/Infer each has a different point of view: only a reader or listener can infer I imply from his response he has no intention of settling.
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Imply/Infer each has a different point of view: only a reader or listener can infer I imply from his response he has no intention of settling.
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Imply/Infer each has a different point of view: only a reader or listener can infer I infer from his response he has no intention of settling.
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Imply/Infer each has a different point of view: only a reader or listener can infer
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each has a different point of view: only a writer or speaker can imply
Imply/Infer each has a different point of view: only a writer or speaker can imply
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Imply/Infer each has a different point of view: only a writer or speaker can imply On the stand, Mr. Blackstone inferred he had attended only one of the meetings.
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Imply/Infer each has a different point of view: only a writer or speaker can imply On the stand, Mr. Blackstone inferred he had attended only one of the meetings.
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Imply/Infer each has a different point of view: only a writer or speaker can imply On the stand, Mr. Blackstone implied he had attended only one of the meetings.
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Imply/Infer each has a different point of view: only a writer or speaker can imply On the stand, Mr. Blackstone implied he had attended only one of the meetings.
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Who/Whom
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Who/Whom who – subject
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Who/Whom who – subject whom
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who – subject whom – object
Who/Whom who – subject whom – object
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who – subject whom – object Who did you wish to see?
Who/Whom who – subject whom – object Who did you wish to see?
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Who/Whom who – subject whom – object Who did you wish to see? Whom shall I say is calling?
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Who/Whom who – subject whom – object Who Did you wish to see she? Whom shall I say is calling?
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Who/Whom who – subject whom – object Who Did you wish to see her? Whom shall I say is calling?
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Who/Whom who – subject whom – object Whom did you wish to see? Whom shall I say is calling?
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Who/Whom who – subject whom – object Whom did you wish to see? Whom shall I say is calling?
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Who/Whom who – subject whom – object Whom did you wish to see? Whom Shall I say her is calling?
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Who/Whom who – subject whom – object Whom did you wish to see? Whom Shall I say she is calling?
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Who/Whom who – subject whom – object Whom did you wish to see? Who shall I say is calling?
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Who/Whom who – subject whom – object Whom did you wish to see? Who shall I say is calling?
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Who/Whom who – subject whom – object I am writing this to _____ is in charge. That depends on _____ you want to go.
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Who/Whom who – subject whom – object I am writing this to Him is in charge. That depends on _____ you want to go.
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Who/Whom who – subject whom – object I am writing this to He is in charge. That depends on _____ you want to go.
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Who/Whom who – subject whom – object I am writing this to whoever is in charge. That depends on _____ you want to go.
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Who/Whom who – subject whom – object I am writing this to whoever is in charge. That depends on _____ you want to go.
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Who/Whom who – subject whom – object I am writing this to whoever is in charge. That depends on Do you want he to go.
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Who/Whom who – subject whom – object I am writing this to whoever is in charge. That depends on Do you want him to go.
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Who/Whom who – subject whom – object I am writing this to whoever is in charge. That depends on whom you want to go.
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Who/Whom who – subject whom – object I am writing this to whoever is in charge. That depends on whom you want to go.
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Who/Whom who – subject whom – object Who do you think President Obama or Romney would nominate for the Supreme Court?
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Who/Whom who – subject whom – object Who Do you think President Obama or Romney would nominate she for the Supreme Court?
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Who/Whom who – subject whom – object Who Do you think President Obama or Romney would nominate her for the Supreme Court?
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Who/Whom who – subject whom – object Whom do you think President Obama or Romney would nominate for the Supreme Court?
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Who/Whom who – subject whom – object Whom do you think President Obama or Romney would nominate for the Supreme Court?
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2 Affect/Effect
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Affect/Effect affect
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affect – almost always a verb
Affect/Effect affect – almost always a verb
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affect – almost always a verb This affects our case.
Affect/Effect affect – almost always a verb This affects our case.
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affect – almost always a verb This affects our case. effect
Affect/Effect affect – almost always a verb This affects our case. effect
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Affect/Effect affect – almost always a verb This affects our case. effect – almost always a noun
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Affect/Effect affect – almost always a verb This affects our case. effect – almost always a noun This will have an effect on our case.
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affect – almost always a verb
Affect/Effect affect – almost always a verb
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affect – almost always a verb but can be a noun
Affect/Effect affect – almost always a verb but can be a noun
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Affect/Effect affect – almost always a verb but can be a noun After her testimony, her affect was surprisingly calm.
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effect – almost always a noun
Affect/Effect effect – almost always a noun
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effect – almost always a noun but can be a verb
Affect/Effect effect – almost always a noun but can be a verb
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Affect/Effect effect – almost always a noun but can be a verb The law has not effected the change legislators predicted.
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That/Which
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That/Which that
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That/Which that – restrictive
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that – restrictive which
That/Which that – restrictive which
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that – restrictive which – nonrestrictive
That/Which that – restrictive which – nonrestrictive
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that – restrictive – essential which – nonrestrictive
That/Which that – restrictive – essential which – nonrestrictive
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that – restrictive – essential which – nonrestrictive – nonessential
That/Which that – restrictive – essential which – nonrestrictive – nonessential
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That/Which that – restrictive – essential – distinguishes which – nonrestrictive – nonessential
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That/Which that – restrictive – essential – distinguishes which – nonrestrictive – nonessential – merely adds information
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That/Which The Commerce Bank that sits at Fifth and Pine does not charge its customers to use the ATM.
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That/Which The Commerce Bank that sits at Fifth and Pine does not charge its customers to use the ATM. How many banks?
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That/Which The Commerce Bank that sits at Fifth and Pine does not charge its customers to use the ATM. How many banks? More than one.
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That/Which The Commerce Bank that sits at Fifth and Pine does not charge its customers to use the ATM. How many banks? More than one. Which one are we talking about?
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That/Which The Commerce Bank that sits at Fifth and Pine does not charge its customers to use the ATM. How many banks? More than one. Which one are we talking about? The one at Fifth and Pine.
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That/Which The Commerce Bank that sits at Fifth and Pine does not charge its customers to use the ATM. How many banks? More than one. Which one are we talking about? The one at Fifth and Pine. The clause restricts us to that bank.
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That/Which The Commerce Bank that sits at Fifth and Pine does not charge its customers to use the ATM. How many banks? More than one. Which one are we talking about? The one at Fifth and Pine. The clause restricts us to that bank. This is essential information.
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That/Which The Commerce Bank, which sits at Fifth and Pine, does not charge its customers to use the ATM.
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That/Which The Commerce Bank, which sits at Fifth and Pine, does not charge its customers to use the ATM. How many banks?
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That/Which The Commerce Bank, which sits at Fifth and Pine, does not charge its customers to use the ATM. How many banks? Only one.
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That/Which The Commerce Bank, which sits at Fifth and Pine, does not charge its customers to use the ATM. How many banks? Only one. Where is it?
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That/Which The Commerce Bank, which sits at Fifth and Pine, does not charge its customers to use the ATM. How many banks? Only one. Where is it? At Fifth and Pine.
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That/Which The Commerce Bank, which sits at Fifth and Pine, does not charge its customers to use the ATM. How many banks? Only one. Where is it? At Fifth and Pine. The clause does not distinguish this Commerce Bank from other Commerce Banks;
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That/Which The Commerce Bank, which sits at Fifth and Pine, does not charge its customers to use the ATM. How many banks? Only one. Where is it? At Fifth and Pine. The clause does not distinguish this Commerce Bank from other Commerce Banks; it merely adds information,
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That/Which The Commerce Bank, which sits at Fifth and Pine, does not charge its customers to use the ATM. How many banks? Only one. Where is it? At Fifth and Pine. The clause does not distinguish this Commerce Bank from other Commerce Banks; it merely adds information, non-essential information.
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