2. Ptolemaic Solar System

3. Classical Design
Plan
Pantheon
27 BC in Rome

4. Vitruvian Man Classical Design Drawing 1487 by Da Vinci
based on correlations
of body and geometry
as described by
vitruvius
in ‘de architectura’

5. Classical Orders 3 Grecian + 2 Roman
Classical Design
Elevation
Classical Orders 3 Grecian + 2 Roman
The Elements of Classical Architecture
All classical architecture of the Greco-Roman tradition is composed, or written, in one language of forms. These elements of classical architecture include specific Moldings and assemblages of moldings called an Order. An Order is an accepted way of assembling a column (supporting element) with an entablature (spanning element) while imparting a certain character. In short, an Order orders a design. Orders are never applied after the building is designed, as they are generative. Over time the canon has come to include five Orders: Tuscan, Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, and Composite. The Orders presented here represent the canon of the Roman tradition.

6. Copernican Solar System
1543

7. Milky Way Galaxy Viewed in 1610 by Galileo
“A New Hypothesis of the Universe”, by Thomas Wright in 1750
This theory expanded by William Kant
First mapped in 1785 by William Herschel
Einstein’s “Theory of General Relativity” completed by 1917
Re-mapping completed in 1919 by Harlow Shapley

8. Industrial Revolution

9. Industrial Revolution

10. Organic Architecture ART NOUVEAU in 1900 by Hector Guimard
Paris Metro Station
ART NOUVEAU in 1900 by Hector Guimard

11. Organic Architecture Organic Architecture in 1904 by Antonio Gaudi
Casa Batllo
Organic Architecture in 1904 by Antonio Gaudi

12. Fibonacci Sequence Manufacturing Grid
This example employs a ratio, 3 : 5, that Schindler recognized as a rational approximation to the golden section, although he rejected the value of the section in architectural design. Nevertheless, the example serves to introduce Le Modulor in which this ratio appears in the Fibonacci sequence of proportions promoted by Le Corbusier.s.
Schindler sought freedom from these artificial constraints and limitations. Proportion as such was not the issue. He was more concerned with the preservation of scale throughout a work, the rhythmic relationships and the play of the unit system. Where necessary the system could be broken. Consistency was no virtue. The grid did not have to be square. "It is not necessary that the designer be completely enslaved by the grid. I have found that occasionally a space-form may be improved by deviating slightly from the unit. Such sparing deviation does not invalidate the system as a whole but merely reveals the limits inherent in all mechanical schemes" [Schindler 1946]
According to Schindler, the unit of dimension, or module, is the choice of the architect. "He needs a unit dimension which is large enough to give his building scale, rhythm and cohesion. And last, but most important for the 'space architect,' it must be a unit which he can carry palpably in his mind in order to be able to deal with space forms freely but accurately in his imagination ”
[Schindler 1946; see Park 2003].
Manufacturing Grid
Mathematics
Fibonacci Sequence
Fibonacci's 1202 book “Liber Abaci” introduced the sequence to Western Europe, although the sequence had been previously described in Indian Mathematics.

13. The International Style
DeStyle
Mondrian

14. Modern Design
Bauhaus in 1919
Fagus Works in 1913 by Walter Gropius

15. Modern Design
International Style
Villa Savoye in 1928 by Le Corbusier

16. Urban Planning "Everything here is paradox and disorder: individual
liberty destroying collective
liberty. Lack of discipline."
MODEL
Plan Voisin
for Paris by Le Corbusier

17. Urban Planning
Pruitt-Igoe Housing in St. Louis, Missouri

18. Pruitt-Igoe Housing in St. Louis, Missouri - 1954-1974
Failed Planning
Pruitt-Igoe Housing in St. Louis, Missouri

19. Neo-Modernism
Modern Trends
in Society & Architecture

20. Future Planning
Soviet Planning
Housing in Bratislava, Slovakia

21. Future Planning
Soviet Planning
Housing in Bratislava, Slovakia

22. Future Planning Housing in Bratislava, Slovakia ANT HILL BEE HIVE
Soviet Planning
Housing in Bratislava, Slovakia

23. Future Planning
Communists argue against the “cult of individualism” and propose that the population act like a hive, a society united in mind and purpose. The housing projects of all communist nations consist of grey, unpainted concrete laid out with more rigidity and rigour than an average suburban neighborhood in the free world. Traditionally each compound had a hive leader, and a communist party member stationed on the first floor to monitor the drones.

24. Pre-Fabrication
Modern Trends
in Society & Architecture

25. Pre-Fab Traditional House

26. Pre-Fab Traditional House

27. Pre-Fab Small House

28. Pre-Fab Modern House

29. Pre-Fab Modern House

30. Pre-Fab Modern House

31. Pre-Fab Modern House Over-the Rhine - Hillside Home

32. Pre-Fab Modern House Over-the Rhine - Hillside Home

33. Modern House Riverview East - Hillside Home

34. Pre-Fab Housing

35. Future Planning The Hive-Inn was designed as an entry in the
2014 Radical Innovation Awards competition

36. Future Planning

37. Robotics &
3D-Printing
Modern Trends
in Society & Architecture

38. Masonry Robotics

39. 3D Printing

40. Organic 3D Printing

41. Organic 3D Printing

42. Organic 3D Printing

43. Organic 3D Printing