1. Settling the West

2. “The sun never sets on the British Empire”
Phrase used to brag about the British Empire at the time.
Had two meanings:
Symbolic: The British Empire will never end
Literal: Because of the size of the Empire, the sun is always up somewhere in the Empire at any time of the day.

3. A Mari usque ad mare Canadian motto. Latin for “From Sea to Sea”
Who in Canada would have liked this coat of arms?
Who wouldn’t like it?

4. What canada wanted
Canada wanted to get European settlers to come in and settle the West.
They needed farmers to clear land and start farming, in order to build towns.

5. Treaties
Government was worried that First Nations groups would resist settlement like the Metis.
Government had to persuade First Nations to sign treaties that gave up their rights to lands in the West.
Meanwhile, with the bison gone, many First Nations were starving and needed support.
First Nations were given reserves, an annual payment, and other things in exchange for the right to sell land to settlers.

7. Railroad The railroad was needed to move settlers into the west,
Built by Chinese labourers, who were paid half as much as white workers, and often did the most dangerous work.

8. railroad Railroad was completed on November 7, 1885.
Financier Donald Smith drove the last spike into the rail, finishing it.

9. Cpr, 1885

10. Chinese Immigration Act
When the railroad was finished in 1885, the Canadian government passed the Chinese Immigration Act.
Made Chinese people pay a “head tax” of $50 per person who wanted to come to Canada.
Very few could afford fee, so few of the labourers families could come to Canada.
In 1900, the tax was raised to $100.
In 1903, the tax was raised to $500. (Adjusted for inflation, that would be $10,400 in 2014)
Law was not repealed until 1947.

11. New Settlers
The population in the West rose from 43,000 in to about 250,000 in
Some came from central Canada (about 40,000).
Some came from Europe, like the Mennonites and the Icelanders

13. Push and Pull Factors
With all immigrants, there are Push and Pull factors.
Push factors make people want to leave their home countries.
Pull factors are the reasons they have for coming to Canada.

14. Mennonites
Mennonites are pacifists, and didn’t want to fight in the Russian army.
Later, after the Russian revolution, many Mennonites lost their farmland to the government
Canada promised them that they could have land, and would not be forced to fight.
Push Factor
Pull Factor

15. Icelanders
Giant volcanic eruption in killed livestock and poisoned land.
Canada gave permission to Icelanders to have it’s own constitution and laws.
Started Gimli, MB. “Gimli” means “paradise”
Push factor
Pull factor

16. Ukrainians Forced military service High taxes High poverty
Canada was a chance to be free from poverty
Ukrainians were still able to form close communities in Canada
Push factors
Pull factors

17. Russian Jews Religious persecution Religious freedom
Skilled labourers, so could find good jobs
Push factors
Pull factor

18. What were your family’s push and pull factors?
__________________________
YOU

19. From news- paper

20. Today
Immigration is becoming a larger part of Canada’s growth strategy.
We’re pulling in people from all over the world, not just Europe.
Over 50 languages are spoken in FRC alone!

21. Three Types of Immigration
We have lots of space, but can’t accept everyone without overwhelming the economy
A system was needed to fairly determine who would be accepted and who would be turned away. (ie: not as racist)
There are three classes of immigrants:
1. Family Class
2. Humanitarian Class
3. Economic Class

22. Notice – Supplementary Information to the 2014 immigration levels plan
Notice – Supplementary Information to the 2014 immigration levels plan. (2013, November 1). Retrieved August 30, 2016, from

23. Family Class
All Canadian Citizens or permanent residents over the age of 18 can sponsor relatives to come to Canada and become permanent residents themselves.
Only applies if the relatives are:
parents and grandparents
dependent children, including adopted children; children under 18 years of age whom you intend to adopt;
brothers, sisters, nephews, nieces or grandchildren who are orphans, under the age of 18 and not married or in a common-law relationship
Any other relative if you have none of the above relatives or family members, either in Canada or abroad.

24. Family Class Continued
Everyone is subject to medical, criminal and background checks.
Sponsor is required to support their family members upon their arrival to Canada for a period of time.
The sponsor’s financial records are accessed in order to ensure that they are capable of supporting the immigrant.
Approximately 26.1% of Canadian immigrants arrive under the family class.

26. Humanitarian Class
10.9% of Canadian Immigrants are from the humanitarian class, made up of different kinds of refugees.
A refugee is a person who flees their country of origin because of fear of persecution for reasons such as race, religion, gender, political beliefs or membership in a particular social group.
Canada has obligation under International law to accept refugees and give them a home here in Canada.  

27. Refugees continued
Once a person claims refugee protection, he or she can’t be deported from Canada until the resolution of his claim by the Immigration & Refugee Board.
 Applicant has to prove at least 3 personal incidents of persecution or people like him
If accepted, the refugee can apply to be a permanent resident in 3 years. If not, he can appeal to the Federal Court, and the process can last for 2 or more years.
 There are many programs in place in Canada that help refugees find homes, jobs and become integrated into Canadian society.

28. Economic class
Independent immigrants include skilled workers, entrepreneurs, investors and the self-employed.
Entrepreneurs are people who intend to purchase and run a business in Canada and have a minimum net worth of $300,000

29. Economic Class cont’d
Investors are those who have at least $800,000 net worth and are willing to invest $400,000 through the Receiver General of Canada. The money is distributed to the provinces for economic development.
Self-employed : reserved for world-class athletes, well-known artists and those with specialized farm management skills.
Skilled workers are usually those who have professional abilities that would be beneficial to Canada. Sometimes, this person already has a job offer in Canada.
They are judged against a points system, requiring 75 points out of 100 to gain entry into Canada.

30. Ideal Population pyramid