1. MIGRATION

2. KEY TERMS: Migration Immigration Emigration Push and pull factors

3. Migration = movement of people from one place to another **migration includes 2 things: immigration & emigration Immigration = coming to live permanently in a foreign country “I immigrated to Canada” Emigration = leaving one’s home country permanently “I emigrated from Sri Lanka.” Push & pull factors = factors/issues that cause people to migrate

4. Emigration Immigration Push factors are factors that force a person to move or l(to emigrate) Pull factors = factors that encourage a person to come to a new place (to immigrate)

5. ACTIVITY In groups, discuss possible push and pull factors for immigration to Canada:

6. PUSH PULL political instability Lack of education Fear of persecution/poor treatment (eg. Hate of tribes) Lack of safety (eg. Kidnapping, war, explosions) Lack of freedom(eg. LGBT equality) Racism, discrimination Lack of gender equality Natural disasters Poor economy Lack of quality healthcare Freedom Multicultural Marriage(family is in another country) Good quality education, opportunities for studies Lots of job opportunities Environment (clean, hospitable) High-tech (access to technology, electricity…etc) Strong economy Safety, peace

7. PUSH PULL Political instability War/conflict/lack safety Lack of jobs Poor/lack of education High population and lack of resources No religious freedom Communist country (don’t agree with the government) No women’s rights Corrupt government Family issues propaganda better education Peaceful Secure (eg. Gov. assistance) Religious freedom Women have rights Human rights Clean environment Better pay (minimum wage) Population is not too high Tolerance

8. PUSH PULL Lack of peace/Unsafe/violence/war Lack of freedom: speech, religion, education, political views/right Lack of equality: men/women Low pay/unemployment/poverty Political corruption, lack of justice, terrorism Social problems: lots of homeless people, discrimination (LGBT), racism.job opportunities, higher pay Investment opportunities Education: more options, no discrimination, access, quality Environment: clean, healthy Relationships: respect, tolerance, diversity safe Government: stable, democracy

10. Immigration to Canada Canada accepts 3 classes/groups of immigrants: Independent Class: (economic Immigrants) skilled workers, business immigrants Family Class: spouses, children, parents, grandparents, sometimes siblings Refugees: people who fear cruel treatment or death in their home country

12. Historical Immigration Patterns Canadian Immigration Patterns

13. Immigration to Canada has had periods of boom and bust. These were caused by events that occurred both in Canada and in other countries. When?What Happened?Why? 1840s Arrival of thousands of Irish settlers Irish potato crop fails; facing starvation, many Irish move to Canada and other countries 1905- 1914 Massive immigration from Eastern Europe to the Canadian West Canadian Government wanted to settle the Prairies; offered free land and other incentives to immigrants Historical Immigration Patterns

14. When?What Happened?Why? 1915- 1919 Little immigration World War I and worldwide influenza epidemic 1930 – 1945 Little immigration Worldwide economic depression and World War II 1947- 1960 Many Italians come to Canada World War II devastated Italy; Italians searched for economic opportunities in Canada Historical Immigration Patterns

15. When?What Happened?Why? 1956 Many Hungarians come to Canada Hungarian revolt against the Russians failed; refugees fled to Canada to avoid punishment 1980 – 1997 Arrival of thousands of Hong Kong Chinese Residents of Hong Kong sought political stability before China took control of Hong Kong in 1997 1980 - 2003 Many people from Afghanistan come to Canada Immigrants seek a safe haven from conflicts that engulfed their country

17. Historical Immigration Patterns The percentage of the population that is made up of immigrants (by location): YTNT

19. MULTICULTURALISM & DIVERSITY

20. (see video – stop at 11:25) What is multiculturalism? What is diversity?