1. Chapter 18, Lesson 1 objective:
October 24, 2016 bell ringer: endo means within and crine means to separate. How does this information help you understand one of the characteristics of the endocrine system?
Chapter 18, Lesson 1 objective:

2. Make Up for Chapter 19
Suppose you observed a pregnant female drinking an alcoholic beverage and smoking a cigarette. How might you help her analyze the harmful effects of these substances on the fetus? What advice can you give her and will say something to her?
Write your response in the form of two paragraphs. Make sure to note why you feel this could be harmful to the baby (defend your statement).
Due 10/28/2016

3. Words to know
Endocrine glands: ductless/tubeless organs or groups of cells
that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.
Hormones: chemical substances that are produced in
glands and help regulate many of your body’s functions.
Pituitary gland: regulates and controls the activities
of all the other endocrine glands. Also known as the master gland.
Gonads: ovaries and testes
Adrenal gland: glands that help the body
recover from stress and respond to emergencies.

4. Structure of the endocrine system
The endocrine system consists of a network of endocrine glands located throughout the body.
Hormones are secreted by the endocrine glands and then carried to their destinations in the body by the blood.
These chemical messengers influence physical and mental responses.
Hormones produced during puberty trigger physical changes in the body.
*When the brain recognizes a stressful situation, the endocrine system reacts by releasing the hormone adrenaline. How do these changes help prepare the body to react under stress?

5. Types of Glands and what they do
Thyroid gland: produces hormones that regulate
metabolism, body heat and bone growth.
Parathyroid gland: produces a hormone
that regulates the body’s calcium
Pineal gland: secretes melatonin,
which regulates sleep cycles and affect puberty
Pituitary gland: regulates and controls
Activities of other endocrine glands
Thymus gland: regulates development of
the immune system (what is this?)
Adrenal gland: produces hormones that regulate the body’s salt and water balance

6. Pituitary Gland
This gland is known as the master gland. It has three sections/lobes (anterior, intermediate and posterior)
Anterior lobe: (front) produces six hormones: somatotropic p(growth), hormone stimulates normal body growth and development by altering chemical activity in body cells.
Thyroid-stimulating hormones (TSH) stimulates the thyroid gland to produce hormones,
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulates production of hormones in the adrenal gland
Two hormones that stimulate production of all other sex hormones are secreted by the love during adolescence (you now!)

7. Pituitary Gland

8. Pituitary Gland cont’d
In females, the Follicle-stimulating hormone
(FSH) stimulates cells in the ovaries
to produce estrogen, female sex hormone that triggers the development of ova.
LH is responsible for ovulation and
stimulates ovarian cells to produce
progesterone. The hormone prolactin stimulates milk production in females who have given birth.
In males LH stimulates cells in
the testes to produce the male hormone testosterone. FSH controls the production of sperm.

9. Pituitary Gland cont’d
Intermediate lobe: middle lobe, of the pituitary secretes melanocyte-stimulating hormones (MSH), which controls the darkening of the skin by stimulating skin pigments.
Posterior Lobe: rear lobe, lobe of the pituitary gland secretes the antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which regulates the balance of water in the body. ADH also produces oxytocin, which stimulates uterine contractions during the birth of a baby.

10. Brain break!

11. Adrenal gland
These glands help the body recover from stress and respond to emergencies. They have two parts:
Adrenal Cortex: secretes a hormone that inhibits the amount of sodium exerted in urine and serves to maintain blood volume and pressure.
It also secretes hormones that aid the metabolism of fats, proteins and carbohydrates.

12. Adrenal Gland Continued
Adrenal medulla: controlled by the hypothalamus and the autonomic nervous system. It secretes the hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine. Epinephrine increases heartbeat and respiration, raises blood pressure and suppresses the digestive process during periods of high emotions.

13. Problems of the Endocrine System
Factors such as stress, infection and changes in the balance of fluid and minerals in the blood can cause hormone levels to vary
Often these situations will correct themselves.
More serious problems may require medication.

14. Diabetes Mellitus
Disorder in which the pancreas produces too little or no insulin, resulting in high blood glucose levels.
Symptoms include fatigue, weight loss, thirst and frequent urination.
There are two types: Type 1 and type 2 as pictured and gestational, which I have told you about, where do you get this one from?

15. Graves Disease
Also called Hyperthyroidism, is a disorder in which an overactive and enlarged thyroid gland produces excessive amounts of thyroxine.
Symptoms include nervousness, weight loss, increased thirst, rapid heartbeat, and intolerance for heat.

16. Cushing's Disease
Results from overproduction of adrenal hormones. Symptoms include round face, humped upper back, and thin and easily bruised skin and fragile bones.

17. Goiter disease
An enlargement of the thyroid gland, is caused mainly by lack of iodine in the diet. Since the introduction of iodized salt, goiters have become rare in the US.

18. Growth Disorders
Caused by abnormal amounts of growth hormones. With early diagnoses and proper treatment, a child with a growth disorder can reach a normal height.

19. Care of the Endocrine System
To keep your endocrine system functioning at peak performance, take care of all of your body systems!
Eat nutritious meals, get enough sleep and avoid stress.
A health care professional can perform medical tests to determine whether your endocrine function is normal.

20. http://www. glencoe. com/sec/health/gh2005/student/flash2
Study guide