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Major Problems of Agriculture Sector in Pakistan A Lecture By Mr. Allah Dad Khan
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History of Agriculture in Pakistan 1. Agriculture and irrigation system was developed in the Indus Valley Civilization (Mohenjo-daro) by around 4500 BCE. 2. The size and prosperity of the Indus civilization grew as a result of this innovation, which eventually led to more planned settlements making use of drainage and sewers. 3. Sophisticated irrigation and water storage systems were developed by the Indus Valley Civilization, including artificial reservoirs at Girnar dated to 3000 BCE, and an early canal irrigation system from circa 2600 BCE.
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Cont. 4. Archeological evidence of an animal-drawn plough dates back to 2500 BC in the Indus Valley Civilization. 5. All agricultural affairs and activities in Pakistan are overseen and regulated by the Ministry of Agriculture.
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Introduction: Agricultural of Pakistan 1. Economy of every state depends on three sectors that is agriculture, industry and commerce. 2. These three are interrelated with each other as the progress or revert of one sector effects the other two. 3. Pakistan is an agricultural state thus agriculture gains are of much importance than any other sector. 4. Importance of this sector is manifold as it feeds people, provides raw material for industry and is a base for foreign trade.
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A.NATURAL PROBLEMS/ SOLUTIONS
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Problem 1.Various Plant Diseases Various agricultural crops like cotton, sugarcane, tobacco, wheat and rice often come under attack of pests and insects. Pests and plant diseases reduce the annual productivity of agriculture. Solution Therefore, preventive and narrative measures should be taken throughout the country.
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Problem 2.Natural Calamities Labour is in the hand of mankind but its result is in the hands of ALLAH in agriculture sector. So, growth of agriculture is dominated by nature. In case if there is too much rain, reduction in the productivity. There is 20% reduction in productivity due to unnecessary rain and unfavourable climatic situations in Pakistan. Solution Preparedness for Natural Calamities
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Problem 3.Scarcity of HYV Seeds Our poor farmers have to use lower quality seeds due to non- availability of High Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds. On the other hand, if seed is available they cannot be purchased due to low income. Agricultural production is badly affected because of inferior quality of seeds. Solution The farmers should be provided better quality seeds at the lowest price and at the right time. Better seeds will ultimately give better yield.
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Problem 4.Under Utilization of Land The resources in the agricultural sector are not properly utilized. There is a huge wastage of land which is evident from the fact that out of about 90 million acres of cultivable land, only 44 million acres have so for been brought under plough. This wastage comes to 60 % of the area. Further, the land is divided into many small units. The area is used to provide passage (due to small land holding) in form of strips summed up runs into hundred of acres that are wasted. Solution Land Consolidation
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Problem 5.Under Utilization of Manpower The total labor force in the rural sector is about 16 million out of which only 15% are paid workers while the rest are self employed. The employment picture in the agriculture is complicated. This had resulted due to abundance of self employed and unpaid family workers and the seasonal nature of work in agriculture. Disguised unemployment is difficult to estimate. However, an estimate put it at about two million workers, which is a severe wastage. Solution Provision of Employment
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Problem 6.Uneconomic Holdings The term uneconomic holding refer to the cultivating units which are small in size and the cultivation processes can not be properly and effectively applied to them. As a result there input-output ration is low compare to bigger farms. According to agriculture census 1980, there are 4.7 million formers and almost half of them own only three acres or less of land. The main cause of this is Islamic law of inheritance and lack of alternative occupations. Solution Co-operative farming refers to the farming done on the basis of mutual help and co-operation. Under this method the small holdings are consolidated.In this way the owners of small holdings can also use fertilizers and modern equipments jointly. After harvesting, the yield can be distributed among the owners according to their ownership.
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Problem 7. Absence of ecological based specialized cropping belts Every geographical location has a perfect environment for the production of a specific agricultural commodity. Many parts of Pakistan are not getting the optimum production mainly due to the absence of this strategy Solution Promotion of ecological zone based cropping system. Government is now taking interest in Zone strategies and initially declared Potohar as Olive Zone, Cholistan as Grape Zone and Layyah/Bakhar as Citrus Zone (Ahmad, 2012). This will increase the overall productivity per unit area mainly due to the suitability of the environment related to the overall production.
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B. SOCIO- ECONOMIC PROBLEMS/SOL UTIONS
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P-1.Consumption Oriented Our farmers have no proper records of their incomes and expenses. Mostly, they spend more when they have more due to illiteracy. A huge part of the farmer’s income is consumed on occasions of marriage, birth, death and several other rural ceremonies and festivals in Pakistan. Solution Increase of literacy ratio in rural areas especially in agree- education is the need of the day. The more educated the farmers will be the better will be the results achieved.
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P-2.Farmer’s Litigation There are frequent and continuous litigations among the farmers directly or indirectly. They are often seen in courts, police stations, irrigation offices, revenue boards and other official problems. Due to mentioned problems, our farmer cannot devote his time, energy, efficiency and labour to agricultural productions. Solution
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P-3.Joint Family System Joint family system is also a big problem in agricultural sector. Our farmer is poor; on the other hand he has to support his big family. It creates deficiency in saving and investment. A huge part of farmer’s productivity is consumed at his own house. Solution
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P-4. Illiteracy and Ill-health Most of the farmers, labourers and tenants in our country are illiterate. They are untrained and inefficient to boost up the agricultural productivity. On the other side, the health of our farmers is improper due to rural backwardness. Literacy rate is only 57.7 % in Pakistan. Economic Survey of Pakistan shows that literacy remains higher in urban areas (73.2 percent) than in rural areas (49.2 percent). Solution Increase of literacy ratio in rural areas especially in agre- education is the need of the day.The more educated the farmers will be the better will be the results achieved.
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P-5.Political Instability Political instability has affected development in all economic and social sectors. Unfortunately, the political situations in Pakistan are not stable. It creates unrest among the farmers to sell the productions to various industries as a raw material. On the other hand, people hesitate to invest in agricultural sector due to political unrest. Solution
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P-6. Smuggling Deliberate smuggling of agricultural products. Among the crops, wheat (Pakkissan, 2005) and rice (Pakkissan 2007), while among fertilizers, urea (Tribune, 2011) is smuggled more as compared to any other agricultural produce. Due to the war in Afghanistan, this problem has drastically increased and disturbing the agricultural sector.. Solution Controlling smuggling of agricultural products. Intervention of border forces and security checks across the country can help controlling this issue (Tribune, 2013). Now the government of Pakistan is also taking some of the serious actions towards the cross border Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences, movement of the agricultural commodities especially wheat so as to increase the availability at consistent price levels
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C. FINANCIAL PROBLEMS
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P-1.Lack of Credit Basically our farmer is poor and he has low level of income. Agricultural credit facilities are not common in Pakistan. Credit that can facilitate agriculture is not available easily. Moreover non- institutional sources are available but these are not reliable due to high rate of interest. About 50.8% poor borrow from landlords in Pakistan. Solution The resources required for agricultural operation are land,layout,live stock,farm equipment, seeds,fertilizers,irrigation,tra nsport etc.For the convenient and timely procurement of these resources the farmers must have easy access to credit. The ZTBL and commercial banks provide loans to the farmers which are insufficient because our farmers are very poor.
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P-2.Poor Financial Position of Farmers It is a common saying about our farmer that he borns in debts, grows in debts and dies in debts. It means that financial position of Pakistani farmer is weak and poor. According to “Pakistan Human Development Report 2003” about 57.4% poor are working for feudal-lords without wages. Solution
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P-3.Instability in Market Prices The price market of agricultural goods generally remains unstable in the country. Cobweb theorem is very popular in case of market prices; it means that a price of one commodity is much high in this year and much low in the next year and vice versa. The farmers, do not get due reward from the sale of their productions. So, they remain unsatisfied. Solution
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P-4.Shortage of Agricultural Finance Agricultural credit facilities are not sufficient in Pakistan. Rate of interest on agricultural credit is high and loan is not provided in time. According to “Pakistan Human Development Report 2003” in Pakistan about 50.8% poor borrow from landlords at very high rate of interest. Solution
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D.TECHNO- ECONOMIC PROBLEMS
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P-1.Limited Cultivable Area The total area of Pakistan is about 79.6 million hectares, out of which only 23.7 million hectares (28%) area is used for agricultural purposes. About 8 million hectares area is idle and un- utilized. There is vast sub- division and fragmentation of land holdings, as a result modern technology cannot be applied in agriculture sector. Solution
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P-2.Water- Logging and Salinity Water logging and salinity are twin problems of agricultural sector due to salinity, deposits of salt in land have appeared on the surface of land and they have adversely affected the performance of agricultural sector. Water logging and salinity affect about 0.10 million acre of land in every year. It is not only waste of land but also reduction in productivity. Solution Reclamation of Land The land which has been declared useless due to salinity and water- logging should be reclaimed. Tube-wells should be installed in the affected areas to decrease the salinity. Beds of new canals should be made of concrete to avoid water- logging.These measures should be taken on priority basis to avoid further deterioration of land.
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P-3.Slow Growth of Allied Products Allied products refer to those productions, which are not agricultural but indirectly, help the farmer to improve his living standard. Pakistan is in- sufficient in the production of fruits, milk, poultry, fisheries, livestock and forestry. As a result not only our food quality is poor but also industries such as furniture, textiles and dairy cannot be developed. Solution Industrial Research
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P-4.Low per Acre Yield This is a problem to be solved as well as the result of various problems. Per acre yield in Pakistan is among the lowest in the world. It is about one third of what is produced in other countries. For examples, in case of rice, Japan and Egypt production is more than three times in Pakistan. Similar is the case of sugarcane, cotton and wheat. Solution Latest machinery should be provided to the farmers to increase the per acre yield. This provision should be on easy installments so that the farmers can avoid the burden of loans. If possible subsidy should be given by the government of modern machinery.
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P-5.Poor Rural Infrastructure Rural infrastructure like, roads, storage facilities, transport, electricity, education, sanitation and health facilities etc. is inadequate to meet the requirement of growth of agriculture. Total length of farm-to- market road is not only shorter but their condition is also poor. Many villages have no metal- led road at all. Electricity is available to only 3/4 rural populations. Solution Provision of infrastructure
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P-6.Uneconomic Land Holdings Due to increasing population and division of land under the law of inheritance, landholdings are subdivided over and over again. The result is that very large number of farmers has less than 2 hectares of area. Moreover holdings are scattered. It is difficult to use modern machinery on small pieces of land. Solution Co-operative Farming Co-operative farming refers to the farming done on the basis of mutual help and co- operation.Under this method the small holdings are consqildated.In this way the owners of small holdings can also use fertilizers and modern equipments jointly.After harvesting,the yield can be distributed among the owners according to their ownership
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P-7. Old Methods of Production No doubt, mechanization of agriculture is increasing in Pakistan, but in most of the areas, the old implements are still being used for agricultural production. Old and orthodox techniques of production cannot increase the production according to international levels. Solution Mechanization Mechanization of agriculture refers to the use of various equipments the different stages of cultivation.By the use of modern equipments better results can be achieved in the shortest time
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P-8.Inadequate Supply of Agricultural Inputs The supply of modern inputs like high yielding variety (HYV) seeds, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, mechanized machinery etc. not only costly but also inadequate and irregular in Pakistan. Numbers of fertilizer producing units are just 10 in Pakistan. Solution
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P-9 Lack of Irrigation Facilities Shortage of irrigation facilities causes a serious limitation in the expansion of crop area in Pakistan. The lower water supplies, loses from water course in the fields are the serious problems of farm sector. Actual surface water availability is 91.8 million acre feet. Solution Irrigation Facilities Construction of dams. Construction of a big dam like Kala Bagh Dam is the only solution towards a long term support to agricultural sector. Small projects like Gomal Zam Dam (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa), Greater Thal Canal (Punjab), Rainee Canal (Sindh), Kachhi Canal (Balochistan), Raising of Mangla Dam (AJ&K), Satpara Dam (Skardu) and Right Bank Outfall Drain (RBOD) are some of the current projects that are under construction and may add some part in solving this issue
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P-10 Insufficient Agricultural Research The average crop yield in Pakistan is very low as compared to the production levels of the advanced countries of the world. In order to raise the potential of agricultural production, there should be continuous improvement in the research for agricultural growth. Total agricultural universities and colleges are only 16 in Pakistan. Solution Agricultural Research In order to rise the potential of agricultural production, there should continuous improvement in the research for agricultural growth. The specific areas of research includes the development of high yielding, short duration, disease and drought resistant varieties of major food and cash crops of Pakistan according to the situation prevailing in different areas of the country.
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P- 11 Problem of Land Reforms Land reforms have been implemented against the will of people. There is an urgent need to conduct a proper land reform for improving agricultural growth. Due to this problem agricultural production cannot increase to desired level. Solution Feudalism should be abolished and lands should be allotted to poor farmers. This will enhance the productivity and per acre yield of all the crops in Pakistan. Taxes should be levied on Agricultural income but not without devising limit of land holding. Other wise it would directly effect poor farmers.
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P-12 Defective Land Tenure System Defective land tenure system is also responsible for low yield per acre in agricultural sector. Landlords and feudal- lords live in posh urban areas while tenants and peasants have no or less incentive for their hard work. So, the productivity in agricultural sector remains low. Solution
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P-13 Subsistence Farming Our farmer is attached with subsistence farming; a huge of portion of production is consumed at farmer’s own house to support large family. Hence, less portion of the production is available for market supply. It causes low income of the farmers. Farming is not conducted at commercial level in Pakistan. Solution
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P-14 Low Cropping Intensity Cropping intensity means the number of crops grown on a piece of land in one year. At the present stage of our development, there is low level of cropping intensity as compared to advanced countries. Cultivable area under double or multiple cropping is inadequate in Pakistan. Solution
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P-15 Improper Crop Rotation Proper turning round of crops is essential to re-establish the fertility of the land. The constant cultivation of one crop or two; exhausts the fertility of the soil. Proper rotation of crops is necessary in order to restore the fertility. Solution
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P-16. Lack of guidance is the main reason for the farmers' backwardness The only mean of communication in rural areas is T.V or radio so it is urgently needed on the part of these mass communication resources to air the programmes related to the new agricultural techniques and allied sciences. But these programmes should be telecast in regional or local languages. Because lack of guidance is the main reason of farmers backwardness. The communication gap between well qualified experts and simple farmers have not been bridged. Availability of these experts is not ensured in rural areas as they are reluctant to go there. Solution
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P-17.Lack of Water Supply The agriculture out put depends upon the water supply at different stages of cultivation. If the water supply is not sufficient, the crop is damaged and the yield is reduced. In Pakistan, the agricultural output depends on irrigation facility, which is defective in the sense that the supply of water is either delayed or is less than the requirement. Solution More dams should be constructed on Indus, Jehlum and Chenab rivers. This will enhance the storage capacity of water and reduce the per acre cost of all the crops. This step will also reduce the salinity chances of the lands as less tubewell water will be flooded to the lands which cause salinity.
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P-18. Insufficient Use of Inputs To increase agricultural output, it is essential to expand the use of agricultural inputs which includes chemical fertilizers, improve seeds, plant protection and mechanization. At present, seeds are used by formers are generally defective and of inferior quality. Similarly, lack of use of fertilizers like urea and pesticides result in less production. Solution The Use Of Fertilizers The agricultural yield can also be increased to a great extent by using fertilizers.The use of artificial manure should be introduced through out the country.Due to poverty and illiteracy our farmers hesitate to purchase the fertilizers.
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P-19. Insufficient Agricultural Research Research and education is a continuing requirement for the agricultural development not only in developing better seeds, improving cultivation methods and better use of other inputs, but also for finding out there best combination for our conditions. Unfortunately, it has not received due attention and suffers from financial and personal constraints. Solution
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P_20. Weak Linkages between Agri Research and Extension. Solution Strengthening research- extension bond. After the privatization of the extension department, the next step should be the integration of the department with different research institutes and universities. The students should be given the cultivable wasteland and they should be given a target. Performance based farming based on the new research should be promoted and incentives should be given to those farmers who perform and get higher yields by the adoption of new technology
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P-21. Defective Land Tenure System The phrase “Land tenure system” signifies the rights and obligations associated with the arrangement of ownership and the use of land. It is obvious that a number of problems can arise in a system dominated by land owners. It results in absolute landlordism in which the landlord obtains a substantial share of the produce of the land without making any effort. The land is cultivated by tenants who suffer not only from social subordination but also from different types of exploitation. All this leads to low production. Solution
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P-22. Leasing System Our leasing system also discourages farmer. The landlord and the tenant both can not take interest in the improvement of land. So it affects the production badly. Solution
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P-23.Monopoly of Foreign Companies Along with these issues, the monopoly of Foreign Big Wigs and false policies of government must not be ignored.The pesticides companies are sorting partnership with "World Bank". These companies are selling adulterated and expensive pesticides to poor farmers thus leaving them helpless Solution
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P-24.Soil Erosion No mechanism has been adopted to eradicate the soil erosion and even after harvesting nothing is done to improve or restore the soil energy. Therefore, the fertility of soil is decreasing day by day. The thickness of fertile layer of soil in Pakistan is more than 6 inches but the average yield is lower than other countries where layer of fertile soil is only 4 inches Solution
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P-25. Lack of Organized Marketing The marketing facilities for agricultural products in Pakistan are still far from satisfactory level.Our cultivators can not get just prices for their produce due to defective marketing organization. Moreover the chain of middlemen between the producers and ultimate consumers take a heavy share of their produce.Thus the cultivators do not take much real interest in increasing their product too. Solution Marketing procedures should be simplified and various marketing facilities should be provided to the cultivators.
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P-26.Poor Means of Transportation The agricultural activities in our country are performed in rural areas,but most of our villages have no road or railway links with our markets.So farmers have to face innumerable hardships to sell their products.Hence the farmers take very little interest in their profession and production suffers. Solution The rural areas of the country must be provided with road and railway links with marketing centres and better means of transport and communication should be provided.
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P-27.Exploitation and plight of small farmers the small farmers are increasing in our country as the lands are dividing generation by generation. So, there are large number of farmers who own only 4 acres of land. These small farmers do not get credit facilities to purchase seeds, pesticides, fertilizers etc. Additionally, a large area of land is owned by feudals and the farmers who work on their lands, are just tenants. This uncertain situation of occupancy neither creates incentive of work nor does attract capital investment. Small farmer must be focused The major problems of small farmers should be solved first.
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P-28.Long duration load shedding. Load shedding is counted among some of serious threats to agriculture. There is an increasing loads heeding with the passage of time. More than 1,075,073 tube wells (Government of Pakistan. 2011) are irrigating the land and due to the serious electricity short fall, these fail to work in an optimum manner. Diesel is an alternate to run these tube wells but the higher diesel prices have posed another problem to the farmers of the country. Unannounced load shedding can disturb the sowing of different crops Solution Nuclear power plants. Pakistan, being a nuclear state, has a capability to produce the nuclear powered electricity. The recent development is coming due to the cooperation of Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences, China in the making of two nuclear power plants that are expected to work at the end of 2016. Each power plant will produce electricity of 340 MW
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P-29.Absence of Land reform Due to the absence of the land reforms in Pakistan the subsidies and other farmer based incentives given by the government are enjoyed by the landlords and the farmer with small land holding suffers in the end Solution Implementation of justice based land reforms. Land reforms, perhaps, seems to be the key element in the reduction of poverty and empowerment of the poor farmers having small land holdings. Landless farmers should be given the opportunity to improve their social status. A great political and judicial intervention is needed so as to overcome to fight against the feudalist system prevailing across the country
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P- 30.Use of adulterated or expired insecticides Although government has claimed that it has controlled the pesticide adulteration and decreased it to 1% but there is a continuous trend of using low quality insecticides Solution
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P -31. Non cooperation between modern research and extension Flow of latest research to the farmer is not immediate mainly due to the non cooperation of the extension and research departments working separately in Pakistan Solution Privatization of extension in Pakistan. Extension in developing countries has proved to be ineffective and lack many active aspects (Tilman et al, 2002). So, Privatization of extension services seems to be a perfect solution and will ultimately lead to a cost- effective demand-driven system that will bring about the efficient and quality agricultural production all across the country. The best example of privatization can be seen in the pesticide sector in which there are more than 320 companies operating in Punjab, Pakistan. These companies not only provide the information about the pesticides but also have a well established advisory service for general learning of farmers
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P-32.Absence of organized crop insurance policy In case of any loss due to heavy insect attack, disease outbreak, floods, fires, etc. there is no insurance plan for the small land holders. The farmer suffers due to these losses and ultimately, agriculture suffers Solution
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P-33 Lack of modern post harvest technologies The post harvest losses are major influencing factors that determine the final production of a country. Pakistan is facing heavy post harvest loss due to poor infrastructure, lack of modern storage facilities, limitation of processing units and slow transportation Solution
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P -34 No Insurance Policy for Crops Solution Crop insurance policy for small land holders Crop insurance should be provided to the small land holders for decreasing poverty and improving the socioeconomic status of farmer. The crop insurance policy is very important as it will give a security to the farmer but this policy will fail if the government fails to subsidize the rates of fertilizers and pesticides.
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P-35 Lack of Control Environmental Sheds Solution Promoting controlled environment sheds. Promoting controlled environment sheds. Controlled environment sheds should be subsidized by the government to help the farmers shift from conventional sheds to modern sheds. Poultry vaccines and other medicines should be available so as to avoid some of the serious disease in this poultry sector. Farmers should be educated for the importance of control sheds and subsidy should be given on the raw material and equipment required to build these advanced structures.
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P-36 Deforestation Area of forest is decreasing due to due to an annual (2011-12) contribution of more than 92,000 Cubic meters (Government of Pakistan, 2012). Due to increase in the deforestation, there has been a progressive increase in the process of Erosion and flood losses are expected to increase in the coming months. Solution Afforestation Reforestation. Special community based incentives should be offered in effort to induce reforestation movement in the country. Mass forestation campaigns should be launched at national level involving the academia and the farming community. Biannual farming campaigns and incentives for the perennial farmers will increase the forest area in Pakistan. This will be helpful in longer term and in the province of Sindh to avoid the threat of expected floods all over the country in the coming decade
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P-37 Climate Impact Unfavourable climatic conditions such as heavy rains, floods and droughts adversely affects agricultural productivity. About 20% reduction in crop productivity occurs due to adverse climatic situations in Pakistan (Sattar, 2012). Read more at http://smithandfranklin.co m/current- issues/Agricultural- Productivity-Current- Scenario-Constraints-and- Future-Prospects-in- Pakistan/14/8/256/html#I2V 77lQGP5MqgdLM.99 Solution
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P-38 Low water use efficiency Watto and Mugera (2016) reported that in Pakistan, water use efficiency of wheat is 0.76 kg/m3 which is 24% lower than the world average of 1.0 kg/m3 and water use efficiency of rice is 0.45 kg/m3 which is 55% less than the Asian average of 1.0 kg/m3. Water use efficiency for cereal crops is 0.13 kg/m3 which is very low compared to India’s 0.39 kg/m3 of India and 0.82 kg/m3 of China. It reflects that in Pakistan, potential water productivity is not realized, and this is largely due to poor irrigation management and low irrigation water quality. Solution
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P -39 Inadequate availability of improved quality seed In Pakistan, inadequate supply of improved quality seed (high yielding variety seed) is also a big constraint for enhanced agricultural productivity. As shown in Table 7, during 2012-13, only 24, 24, 81 and 39% of wheat, cotton, rice and maize seed requirement, respectively was made available to farmers (Planning Commission, 2012). Clearly, there is a huge gap between requirement and supply of good quality crop seed which results in low crop productivity Solution
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P-40 Fragmented/small land holdings: As a result of population increase and land division, land holdings are becoming very small. About 81% of Pakistani farmers own less than 5 hectares of land (FAO, 2000). About 58% of the total farms in Pakistan are 2 hectares or less in size (Iqbal and Ahmad, 2005). The small land holdings cause inefficient and uneconomical use of land resulting in low crop yields. Small land holdings are also a big impediment for adoption of modern agriculture technology Solution
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P-41 Inadequate institutional seed production capacit y: In Pakistan, the public sector seed production institutes have inadequate seed production capacity due to financial, human resource and infrastructural problems. Though public and private institutes are busy in producing seed, but their current seed production meets only 40% of yearly seed requirement Solution
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P-42 Ineffective agricultural education and training Lack of education and training of farmers also causes low agricultural productivity (Masood et al., 2012). Presently, farming community in many areas of Pakistan due to inactive and ineffective agriculture extension services, does not get any guidance and messages on modern and improved agriculture, irrigation and waterlogging and salinity management practices and technologies to enhance agricultural productivity. Farmers do not get any kind of training and education on modern and innovative techniques (Laser land levelling, zero tillage, bed planting, sprinkler and trickle irrigation methods, leaching) and strategies to manage their water, soils and crops properly for enhanced land productivity. The progressive farmers could not prove helpful to effectively transfer their experiences to the nearby farmer Solution
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P-43 Low Investment in Agriculture sector Though the agriculture sector is the major contributing sector for livelihoods, food security and nutrition, but the resource allocation to this sector is not at par with other sectors. These results in limiting the scope of the sector and the required products, services and functions are not achieved. To get the potential benefits from the sector, the current level of investment needs to be increased substantially with more targeted approach. Solution
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