1. Complication of down syndrome By Hawraa Mahdi

2. What are the congenital heart disease?  50 % of Down Syndrome. have heart disease  1) ASD ( atrial septal defects )hole in the wall between the upper chambers, or the right and left atria,  2) VSD (ventricular septal defect)hole in the part of septum that separates heart’s lower chambers, or ventricles. If you have a VSD, blood gets pumped back to your lungs instead of to your body.lungs  3)Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). this is a hole between baby’s aorta and pulmonary trunk that doesn’t closebaby 

3. What are the types of eye defects? 1) Strabismus – abnormal alignment of the eyes 2) Nystagmus –rapid involuntary movements of the eyes. Eyes become opaque-3) Cataract. Frequency increases with age

4. Nystagmus :rapid involuntary movement of eyes

5. what are the other defects with DS patient?  Sleep apnea (obstruction in airways )  Gastrointestinal blockage  Thyroid problems  Obesity  Infectious diseases(because abnormality in the immune system)  Hearing loss  Early menopause  Skin problems  Dementia

6. What about reproductive system in DS patient?  Female is fertile and may become pregnant  Nearly all males with DS are infertile. The mechanism is impairment of spermatogenesis

7. References  WebMd.com  Genetic lecture of Dr. Ali Mansour Thank you