1. A Crisis in Confidence

2. Nixon’s Policies Target Middle America The Election of 1968 – Richard Nixon (won) Republican – Became the spokesperson for the silent majority – Hubert Humphrey Democrat – George Wallace Third Party Southern Racist

3. Nixon’s Policies Target Middle America Nixon Expands the Government via government agencies – Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) – Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) – Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) – Family Assistance Plan (FAP) The Economy Struggles with stagflation – A combination of recession and inflation at the same time A result of the Vietnam War, rising foreign competition and the increasing price of oil

4. Nixon’s Policies Target Middle America New Federalism program – Allowed Nixon to give more power to state and local governments – Congress passed revenue sharing Provided federal funds to state and local agencies It actually led to greater dependency on federal funds

5. Nixon’s Policies Target Middle America Nixon Follows a Southern Strategy – Aimed to make Southerners into Republicans – Returned America to conservative values appointed conservatives to the Supreme court Targeted antiwar protestors – Lead to his victory in the ‘72 election

6. Nixon’s Foreign Policy The approach of Détente – Nixon began the relaxation of tensions between the U.S.’s communist rivals He believed it would ensure world peace

7. Nixon’s Foreign Policy – Nixon lifted trade and travel restrictions – Nixon visits China It encouraged the Soviets to more actively pursue diplomacy – Nixon becomes the first U.S. president to visit the Soviet Union He attended the American Soviet summit and signed the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty They agreed to exchange scientific information

8. The Watergate Scandal Brings Nixon Down Nixon’s “enemies list” – Composed of anyone he suspected of being a threat to his presidency Seeking and edge in the ‘72 election – The Committee to Reelect the President (CREEP) engages in a host of subversive tactics Spying, rumor spreading, and false reports

9. The Watergate Scandal Brings Nixon Down The Watergate break-in – Burglars broke in to the DNC headquarters to steal campaign information and replace wire taps James McCord was one them – He was also an ex-CIA official and a member of CREEP Questions about the break in began – The White House denied involvement – Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein of the Washington Post investigate with the aid of an FBI informant known as Deep Throat

10. The Watergate Scandal Brings Nixon Down The Election of 1972 – Richard Nixon (won) Most American believed the president’s denial of involvement in Watergate Nixon won by one of the largest margins in history – 61% of the popular vote – He received 520 electoral votes – George McGovern Democrat – He received 17 electoral votes

11. The Cover-Up Unravels The Burglars go on trial – James McCord agreed to cooperated with the grand Jury A flood gate of confessions, and White House illegal actions are exposed – John Dean aimed allegations against Nixon He testifies that Attorney General John Mitchell ordered the Watergate break-in and Nixon was active in its cover-up

12. The Cover-Up Unravels The Nixon Tapes – Investigators demand tapes of Nixon’s recorded conversations in the White House Nixon refuses to hand the tapes over – He pleaded executive privilege, deeming the conversations be kept confidential to protect national security Nixon later released edited transcripts of the of the tapes – The Supreme Court forced him to turn over un edited tapes

13. The Cover-Up Unravels Votes are passed to impeach Nixon – Nixon is charged with presidential misconduct One of the tapes showed evidence that Nixon had ordered the CIA to stop the FBI’s investigation of the break-in – Nixon resigned Gerald Ford became the 38 th president of the U.S.

14. The Impact of Watergate New laws limiting the power of the executive branch – Federal Campaign Act Amendments Limited campaign contributions and set up an independent agency to administer stricter election laws – Ethics in Government Act Required financial disclosure by high government officials in all three branches of government

15. The Economic Crisis of the 1970s The 70s begin the stagnant economy – International competition caused economic problems U.S. imports outweighed exports Factories closed

16. The Economic Crisis of the 1970s – The U.S. Economy had become heavily dependent on imported oil The Organization of Petroleum and Exporting Countries (OPEC) – Began an embargo against supporters of Israel – Price of crude oil increased – The energy crisis begins Result of OPEC price increases and government regulation of the oil industry

17. Ford Takes Over President Gerald Ford pardons Nixon – His approval ratings plunge Failing to End a Growing Recession – Whip Inflation Now (WIN) Plan Failed Foreign Policy – The Signing of the Helsinki Accords NATO and Warsaw recognized the borders of Eastern Europe established at the end of WWII

20. Ford Takes Over The Election of 1976 – Jimmy Carter (won) Democrat – Was seen as a person high moral and upstanding personality – Gerald Ford Republican

22. Carter Battles the Economic Crisis Unsuccessfully Created the Department of Energy – It proposed a national program to conserve oil and promote renewable energy and coal – Carter’s efforts were mostly ignored by the public

23. Carter’s Foreign Policy Focus on Human Rights – Carter transferred control of the Panama Canal from the U.S. to Panama – Carter indicts the Soviet Union on human rights violations He questions their imprisonment of protesters against the government and their invasion of Afghanistan – Carter imposed an embargo on the sale of grain to the Soviets

24. Carter’s Foreign Policy Success and Failures in the Middle East – Carter increased peace efforts in the Middle East He aided in having Israel and Egypt sign the Camp David Accords – Revolutionaries take hostages in Iran Carter’s inability to get the hostages released cost him support in the 1980 election

25. The Me Generation Americans were in search of fulfillment – Americans concentrated on improving themselves Personal Fitness and Health – Lead to the New Age Movement and the search for spiritual enlightenment Transcendental Meditation and relaxation techniques

26. Cultural Trends in the 1970s Television – Mary Tyler Moore Show – Sanford and Son – M*A*S*H* – Chico and the Man – Roots – All in the Family Created many spinoff sitcoms – The Jeffersons – Maude – Good Times Music – Disco

28. The Resurgence of Conservatism

29. Conservatism and Liberalism Liberals – Believe the government should regulate the economy Social programs, free speech, and privacy Conservatives – Believe that the free enterprise system is the way to organize society Believe problems can be solved through religious faith and private efforts Many joined conservatism because they believed liberal economic ideas were slowly leading the nation toward communism

30. The 1980 Election The Election of 1980 – Ronald Reagan (won) Became the face of conservatism – Reagan began his career as a broad caster and actor – governor of California 1966 – Jimmy Carter

31. Reagan’s Domestic Policies Reaganomics (trickle down theory) – Combined the ideas of monetarists and supply side economics The policy would help corporations and wealthy Americans – Interest rates go up taxes go down – Cutting Programs Regan cut social programs to keep the deficit under control – Supply side economist believed tax cuts would cause business expansion and new jobs

32. Reagan’s Domestic Policies – Deregulation Relaxed fuel efficiency requirements for cars Increased use of public lands for oil drilling Fewer safety checks on pesticides – Shifting the Judicial Balance Reagan applied conservatism to the appointment of judges – He wanted justices who would follow the original intent of the Constitution – He appointed conservatives Sandra Day O’Connor and William Rehnquist

33. Reagan’s Domestic Policies The Election of 1984 – Ronald Reagan (won) – Walter Mondale and his VP Geraldine Ferraro The first woman to run for VP for a major party

35. Reagan’s Foreign Policy Peace through Strength – Reagan Rejects containment and détente – Increased Military spending It was believed that if the Soviets matched the U.S. military build up it would cause an economic collapse of the communist system

36. The Reagan Doctrine Reagan supports military guerillas fighting to overthrow Communist governments – Aid sent to Afghan Rebels Regan sent $570 million dollars to the mujahedeen to defeat the invading Soviets – Nicaraguan and Grenada Reagan’s administration secretly armed contras – Congress soon banned the aid to the contras

37. The Reagan Doctrine – The Iran-Contra Scandal Official secretly sold weapons to Iran in exchange for hostages being held in the Middle East – News of the illegal operation broke in November 1986 – Investigations revealed that approved the sale of arms to Iran but not the diversion of money to the contras in Nicaragua

38. New Approaches to Arms Control Star Wars – The Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) Called for the development of weapons that could intercept and destroy missiles A New Soviet Leader – Mikhail Gorbachev Met with Reagan on a series of summit meetings thus improving relations

40. A Decade of Indulgence Yuppies (Young Urban Professionals) – Baby boomers were finishing college and entering the workforce They place emphasis on materialism and advancing professionally

41. A New Era in Space NASA develops the Space Shuttle program – The Shuttle Columbia makes its 1 st flight in 1981 Satellites were sent into orbit as well as probes and the Space Station

42. The 1988 Election George H. Bush (won) Michael Dukakis

44. The Cold War Ends The Soviet Economy was diminishing – Gorbachev institutes changes to government Perostroika – Allowed some private enterprise and profit making Glasnost – Allowed more freedom of religion and speech – Caused revolution in East Germany and the fall of the Berlin Wall – The Soviet Government would collapse in December of 1991

45. The “New World Order” Bush makes the phrase “New World Order” popular through actions abroad – China Bush cuts trade and diplomatic contract after the Tiananmen Square incident – Panama Troops are sent to oust General Manuel Noriega for his lack of cooperation and drug trafficking

46. The “New World Order” – South Africa American companies divested from the country to support the anti aparthied movement lead by Nelson Mandela – The Persian Gulf War Operation Desert Storm Bush persuades UN member s to stop Iraq after its invasion of Kuwait

47. The 1992 Election George H. Bush H. Ross Perot – independent Bill Clinton (won) – Promised to cut taxes and blamed Bush for the recession

48. Clinton’s Domestic Policy Successes – Raised the minimum wage & Increased access to college loans – Signed the Family Medical Leave Act – Signed the Brady Bill Gun control act Failures – Healthcare reform – Domestic Terrorism Oklahoma City Bombing Columbine

49. Republican’s Galvanize Newt Gengrich’s Contract with America – A plan that attacked big government and emphasized patriotism and traditional values Republicans gain control of the House and Senate

50. A Changing American Economy Globalization – Process by which national economies, politics, cultures and societies become integrated with other nations around the world – Caused America to move from an industrial economy to a service economy Lawyers, teachers, doctors, athletes, actors, etc.

51. Technology and Media Personal Computers – Made possible via microchips and Silicon Valley companies such as IBM Entrepreneurs – Steve Jobs (Apple) Popularized the mouse – Bill Gates (Microsoft) Popularized Windows – Jeff Bezos (Amazon)

52. Technology and Media Internet – Created in the 70’s Initially used to share scientific information – Made public in the 90’s

53. Technology and the Media Transformed broadcast news and entertainment – Cable and Satellite television give birth to CNN, MTV, Larry King and Oprah – Home entertainment forever changed with video games, walkmans, and VCRs

54. The 1996 Election Bob Doyle H. Ross Perot Bill Clinton – Won despite low approval rating – Victory was attributed to booming economy

55. Clinton Scandals, Impeachment, & Trial Whitewater Scandal – Clinton was investigated for his investment into the Arkansas Whitewater development Corporation Monica Lewinski Scandal – Clinton denied under oath his relationship with a White House Intern Clinton was impeached on charges of perjury and obstruction of justice, but was acquitted

56. Competing with Global trade North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) – Called for a gradual removal of trade restrictions between the U.S., Canada, & Mexico General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) – Promote free trade World Trade organization (WTO) – Replaced GATT

57. Clinton’s Foreign Policy Economic Aid and Intervention – Somalia’s Civil War & Haiti’s Military Coup The U.S. sent military forces yielding few positive results – Eastern Europe The U.S. and UN ended the ethnic cleansing of Bosnians and Croats Middle East – Struggle for peace in Israel – Al Qaeda Led by Osama bin Laden Attacked U.S. embassies and the WTC in 1993

58. The 2000 Election A Tight Race – George W. Bush – Al Gore Gore won the popular vote The Supreme Court Intervenes to settle issue over Florida Votes – Bush v Gore votes were recounted The court ruled Bush the winner

59. The Bush Agenda Tax Cuts – Bush pushed $1.3 trillion tax cut Put money in the hands of consumers, but most benefits went to wealthy Americans Education – No Child Left Behind Act Penalized failing schools by denying extra federal funds Prescription Drugs Reform – Expanded Medicare Did not benefit seniors as intended

60. War on Terror September 11, 2001 – Terrorist hijacked 4 commercial airplanes Crashed into Pentagon and WTC Invading Afghanistan – Taliban Islamic Radical/Fundamentalist government Sponsored Osama bin Laden and the Al Qaeda networks responsible for the attacks

61. War on Terror Improving National Security – Patriot Act Gave law enforcement power to monitor suspected terrorist Possibly violates civil liberties – Department of Homeland Security Coordinates security matters among federal, state, and local governments

62. War on Terror Invading Iraq – Looking for Saddam Hussein’s Weapons of Mass Destruction WMD UN weapons inspectors were sent to find evidence of WMD – they found no WMD Congress authorized Bush to use military force – Operation Iraqi Freedom

63. Bush’s Second Term Bush Approval Rating Fall – War continues in Iraq Fighting between Sunnis, Shia’s and Kurds continue – Iraqi Democracy remained Fragile Many believe WMD was an excuser for entering the war – Troubles at Home Hurricane Katrina – Governments slow response was criticized

64. Bush’s Second Term – Recession Worst Economic crisis sense the Great Depression – Unemployment and foreclosures increased – Banking and investment firms collapsed – Stock market plunged Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) was created to prevent financial meltdown – $700 Billion taxpayer-funded bailout

65. 2008 Election Barack Obama (won) – 1 st African American to hold Office – Was reelected in 2010 John McCain