1. Unit 4: Political Geo Review

2. The idea that separates the world based on economic development into core, semi-periphery, and periphery a.Brandt Line b.Rostow’s Model c.Wallerstein’s World System Theory d.Mackinder’s Heartland Theory

3. Brandt Line

4. Wallerstein’s World Systems Theory Core Semi-Periphery Periphery

5. Territoriality Landlocked states Forward Capital Government Power Organized –Unitary, Confederate, Federal Political Impact on Landscape

7. a.Compact b.Prorupted c.Fragmented d.Elongated e.Enclave f.Perforated

8. a.Compact b.Prorupted c.Fragmented d.Elongated e.Enclave f.Perforated

9. a.Compact b.Prorupted c.Fragmented d.Elongated e.Enclave f.Perforated

10. a.Compact b.Prorupted c.Fragmented d.Elongated e.Enclave f.Perforated

11. State Shapes

12. Boundaries Physical / Natural Boundaries Cultural Boundaries –Geometric Boundaries –Consequent Boundaries Religious Boundaries Language Boundaries –Subsequent Boundaries –Antecedent Boundaries –Superimposed Boundaries

13. Boundary definition – –determining the boundary by a treaty-like agreement through actual points, latitude/longitude, or landscape Boundary delimitation – –the boundary is drawn on the map Boundary demarcation – –the boundary is established by steel posts, concrete pillars, fences, etc. to mark the boundary on the ground Median-Line Principle

14. Devolution Regional or Asymmetrical Federalism

15. Electoral Geography Reapportionment Gerrymander

16. Centripetal/Centrifugal

17. Centripetal forces 1.Raison d'être 2.Nationalism 3.Unifying institutions: schools, the armed forces and state churches. *Organization and administration of the government. 4.Transportation and communication – strong core area 5.A perceived threat to a group’s sense of identity.

18. Centrifugal forces Forces that disrupt internal order and further the destruction of a country. –Ethnic conflicts; competing claims among ethnic groups. –Religion –Poorly run government and/or transportation systems. –A dissident minority seeking autonomy –Large population in frontier area –Devolution: transfer of power from the state’s central government. to separate political subdivisions within its territory.

19. Monarchies:Constitutional MonarchyTraditional MonarchyAbsolute Monarchy Republics:DemocracyRestricted Democratic PracticeAuthoritarian Regime Totalitarian Regime Non-Sovereign:ProtectorateColonial DependencyEmpire Source: Matthew White, 2003. http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/othergov.htm Adapted from FreedomHouse.orghttp://users.erols.com/mwhite28/othergov.htm Forms of Government

20. African colonies Berlin Conference

21. Geopolitics Ratzel – Organic State Haushofer – lebensraum Mackinder – Pivot Area & Heartland Theory Alfred T. Mahan – control sea lanes Spykman – Rimland Theory

22. Effect US equated the Heartland theory w/the USSR so adopted containment in reaction to the Domino Theory Creating alliances in the Rimland: North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Central Treaty Organization (CENTO) in West Asia Southeast Treaty Organization (SEATO) Eastern Europe became a shatterbelt or shatter zone during the Cold War –

23. International Organizations Supranational Org Political/Military Org Economic Org UNCLOS OPEC

24. Trading Blocs

25. What is Terrorism US: premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by subnational groups or clandestine agents UN: intention to cause death or serious bodily harm to civilians or non-combatants with the purpose of intimidating a population or compelling a government or an international organization to do or abstain from doing any act.

26. Number of Terrorism Incidents, 2000-2008

27. Types of Terrorism Domestic – acts against one’s own country (Oklahoma City) International – acts that transcend national boundaries (9/11) Subnational – acts committed by nongovernmental groups (Chechnya) State – acts committed by agents of the government (Syria)

28. The 8 Stages of Genocide Understanding the genocidal process is one of the most important steps in preventing future genocides.Understanding the genocidal process is one of the most important steps in preventing future genocides. ClassificationClassification SymbolizationSymbolization DehumanizationDehumanization OrganizationOrganization PolarizationPolarization PreparationPreparation ExterminationExtermination DenialDenial