1. Greece: The Golden Age

2. Pericles 495-425 BC 495-425 BC Influential general, orator, and statesmen of Athens Influential general, orator, and statesmen of Athens Born and died in Athens Born and died in Athens One wife and one mistress One wife and one mistress Children: Xanthippus, Paralus (1 st wife), and Pericles the younger (mistress) Children: Xanthippus, Paralus (1 st wife), and Pericles the younger (mistress)

3. Age of Pericles Height of Athenian Power Direct democracy Direct democracy Direct democracy Direct democracy People participate directly in government decision making through mass meetings. People participate directly in government decision making through mass meetings. Who is responsible for making the laws? Who is responsible for making the laws? Who did Pericles expand public office to include? How? Who did Pericles expand public office to include? How? Lower class citizens Lower class citizens Codified laws, created jury duty Codified laws, created jury duty Removed restrictions on positions and made them paid positions. Removed restrictions on positions and made them paid positions. “Our Constitution…is called a democracy because power is in the hands not of a minority but of the whole”.

4. Delian League Alliance of city-states in the 5 th BC Alliance of city-states in the 5 th BC Led by Athens Led by Athens Other city-states too poor to pay for ships. Then contributed sums to Athens Other city-states too poor to pay for ships. Then contributed sums to Athens Goal: to overthrow Persian force. Goal: to overthrow Persian force. Main players: Chios, Samos, Lesbos, and Ionian cities Main players: Chios, Samos, Lesbos, and Ionian cities Delos: meeting place and treasury Delos: meeting place and treasury 454 BC move to Athens 454 BC move to Athens

5. Naval Power Main source of trade? Main source of trade? Aegean Sea, Mediterranean, and Ionian Sea Aegean Sea, Mediterranean, and Ionian Sea Delian League? Delian League? Triremes (Greek Τριήρεις) are several different types of ancient warshipsGreek

6. Beautifying Athens

7. Pericles Elected leader of Athens for 34 years More democratic government: Codified laws, Created jury duty & removed restrictions on office holding Delian League: Alliance of city states, not Sparta Naval Power: Strongest in Mediterranean Beautifying Athens Parthenon

8. Achievements Classical Arts: established principles of order, balance, and proportion Classical Arts: established principles of order, balance, and proportion Focused on the gods and heroes. Focused on the gods and heroes. The Temple of Athena Nike - part of the Acropolis in the city of Athens Poseidon Wedding of Peleus and Thetis: Aphrodite and Ares in chariot, Muses behind horses

9. Drama and Theater Written as a trilogy Written as a trilogy Tragedy: hero has a downfall Tragedy: hero has a downfall IE: Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex IE: Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex “Yes, she was my mother, yes--alas, for my miseries! I did not know it, nor did she, and to her shame she bore children to the son whom she had borne. [985] But one thing, at least, I know: that you willingly revile her and me, but I did not willingly marry her, and I do not willingly speak now. No, I will not be called evil on account of this marriage, nor in the slaying of my father, which you charge me with again and again in bitter insult. [990] Answer just one thing of those I ask. If, here and now, someone should come up and try to murder you--you, the just one--would you ask if the murderer was your father, or would you revenge yourself on him straightaway?” “Yes, she was my mother, yes--alas, for my miseries! I did not know it, nor did she, and to her shame she bore children to the son whom she had borne. [985] But one thing, at least, I know: that you willingly revile her and me, but I did not willingly marry her, and I do not willingly speak now. No, I will not be called evil on account of this marriage, nor in the slaying of my father, which you charge me with again and again in bitter insult. [990] Answer just one thing of those I ask. If, here and now, someone should come up and try to murder you--you, the just one--would you ask if the murderer was your father, or would you revenge yourself on him straightaway?” Comedy: Aristophanes [satire] Comedy: Aristophanes [satire] ONLY MALE ACTORS! ONLY MALE ACTORS!

11. Greek Theater

12. Achievements Classical Art: principles of order, balance & focused on the gods and heroes. Drama and Theatre: *1 st to perform and write plays *All males *outdoors Tragedy: Sophocles (Oedipus Rex), Euripides (The Trojan Women) Comedy: Aristophanes {satire}

13. Modern Math & Science Pythagoras of Samos Pythagoras of Samos Geometry Geometry

14. Hippocrates Natural causes of diseases Natural causes of diseases Physicians oath: Physicians oath: “…Most especially must I tread with care in matters of life and death. If it is given me to save a life, all thanks. But it may also be within my power to take a life; this awesome responsibility must be faced with great humbleness and awareness of my own frailty. Above all, I must not play at God.. “…Most especially must I tread with care in matters of life and death. If it is given me to save a life, all thanks. But it may also be within my power to take a life; this awesome responsibility must be faced with great humbleness and awareness of my own frailty. Above all, I must not play at God.. will prevent disease whenever I can, for prevention is preferable to cure.” will prevent disease whenever I can, for prevention is preferable to cure.” Hippocrates, the father of medicine

15. Democritus Basic composition of matter: Basic composition of matter: Every matter is made up of elements known as “atomos”. Every matter is made up of elements known as “atomos”.

16. Modern Math and Science Pythagoras of Samos *geometry Hippocrates: *Natural Causes of diseases *Physicians oath Democritus: *basic composition of matter

17. Philosophy Socrates: Socrates: Socratic method (teaching/learning by asking questions) Socratic method (teaching/learning by asking questions) Was never paid for his teaching Was never paid for his teaching Tried for “corrupting the youth of Athens” Tried for “corrupting the youth of Athens”

18. Philosophy Plato: student of Socrates Plato: student of Socrates Own Academy Own Academy The Republic (the perfect government) The Republic (the perfect government) Plato’s perfect government? Plato’s perfect government? “philosopher-king” “philosopher-king” Theory of Ideal Forms Theory of Ideal Forms “Allegory of the Cave” “Allegory of the Cave” “Allegory of the Cave” “Allegory of the Cave”

19. Philosophy Aristotle Aristotle Quest for truth (math, history, science, etc.) Quest for truth (math, history, science, etc.) Syllogism (every truth is followed by logic from other truths) Syllogism (every truth is followed by logic from other truths) IE: A=B and B=C then A=C IE: A=B and B=C then A=C Political Theory: Political Theory: 3 Good Governments: 3 Good Governments: Monarchy Monarchy Aristocracy Aristocracy Constitutional government Constitutional government

20. Philosophy: most remarkable ideas Socrates: Socratic method (teaching by asking questions) Plato: *own Academy *The Republic (the perfect government) Aristotle: *quest for truth in all areas (math, science, etc.) *syllogism (every truth is followed from other truths) A=B and B=C then A=C