1. GEOGRAPHY IN EGYPT Floods helped farming just like in the fertile crescent 2 regions: upper and lower Egypt About 3100 BCE 2 regions were united

2. GOVERNMENT Pharaohs-Egyptian Kings Ruled by bureaucracy- includes many departments and levels of authority Pharaoh depended on vizier, chief minister, to supervise government

3. NEW KINGDOM Egypt’s first female ruler: Hatshepsut Exercised all rights of the pharaoh and encouraged trade with eastern Mediterranean lands Stepson Thutmose III took over after here Stretched Egypt’s boarders to their largest Ramses II Pushed Egyptian control northward as far as Syria

4. NUBIA Egypt’s southern neighbor Traded or fought with Egypt Egypt gained ivory, cattle, and slaves from Nubia Conquered during New Kingdom Much of Egyptian art from this period shows Nubian soldiers, musicians, or prisoners

5. EGYPTIAN WRITTEN RECORDS Developed multiple writing systems First was hieroglyphics- system in which symbols or pictures represent objects, concepts, or sounds Scribes developed hieratic writing, a simpler script for everyday use Over time hieratic script was replaced by a similar one called demotic Made paper like writing material from papyrus, a plan that grows along the banks of the Nile

6. DECLINE OF EGYPT After 1100 BCE Egyptian power began to decline Assyrians and Persians conquered the Nile region 332 BCE last Egyptian dynasty ended and Greeks took control 30 BCE Roman armies displaced Greeks

7. ROSETTA STONE After Egypt declined the meaning of hieroglyphics was lost Jean Champollion was able to decipher the Rosetta Stone Flat black stone the has the same passage written in hieroglyphics, demotic script, and Greek Scholars were then able to read thousands of surviving records from ancient Egypt

8. EGYPT VOCABULARY TERMS Cataract Delta Dynasty Pharaoh Bureaucracy Vizier Mummification Hieroglyphics Papyrus Deciphering Rosetta Stone

9. IMPORTANT EGYPTIAN PEOPLE/GODS Hatshepsut Thutmose III Ramses II Amon-Re Osiris Isis Anubis