1. THE MIDDLE COLONIES Colonial America: 1587-1770

2. England Seizes the Dutch Colonies Bkgd.  1497- John Cabot claims all land b/t Newfoundland and Florida for England  Considered Dutch colony of New Netherland to be intruders on English soil  Mad about Dutch reselling Virginia tobacco Tobacco trade was England’s!!!  1664- King Charles II gave brother James (Duke of York) a grant w/ New Netherland in it!  Sent warships to make sure wouldn’t be a problem  New Netherland’s Governor Peter Stuyvesant  Colorful, peg-legged, military hero  Ruled for 17 years  Land diverse, people too  Many languages  To fix colony’s $ problems, he raises taxes

3. New York / New Jersey 1664- Warships arrive in New Amsterdam  People surrender immediately  Rename it after James, the Duke of York James gave big land grants to loyal friends  Area b/t Hudson and Delaware Rivers to Sir George Carteret and Lord Berkeley of Stratton New Jersey  Attracts settlers quickly  Land on easy terms  Religious freedom  Voting right for legislature  1670- Quakers buy western part of colony

4. Quakers Found Colony 1681- Charles II gives large land grant to William Penn (Jr.)  Owes father, Admiral William Penn, $81,000  Wealthy, high social status  But… he’s a Quaker! Quakers stressed…  Religious tolerance  Simplicity  Kindness to others  Opposed any use of force  Wanted religious, social, and political freedom All this makes English believe Quakers radicals!  Plus… Not Anglican! Quakers often imprisoned, tortured, or hung Holy Cow! I’m William Penn the Quaker Oats Guy!?!

5. What’s in a Name? Penn (Jr.) granted colony b/c Charles II owes his father $81,000  Admiral William Penn  Dies in 1670  Debt cancelled with land grant  Wants to name it Penn’s Land (for Dad) King’s Council says NO! b/c Quaker  Names it Sylvania (woods)  King Charles II renames Pennsylvania Meaning “Penn’s Woods” in honor of his friend

6. Pennsylvania Penn pays natives for land & treats as equals  Sets up capital as Philadelphia personally  Meaning “Brotherly Love” Attracts settlers w/ stories of great soil and climate  Promises  Religious freedom  A voice in gov’t Prospers from beginning  Produces large crops of wheat and other food crops 1682- gets more land and expands west to Delaware Bay  Defeat of Dutch by Duke of York  Penn’s Quaker beliefs not good according to Dutch settlers already in the area  Begin petitioning for autonomy  Granted in 1704  Delaware Colony