1. © 2015 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 1 Chapter 11: Printers IT Essentials v6.0

2. Presentation_ID 2 © 2015 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Common Printer Features Characteristics and Capabilities  Characteristics to consider when choosing a printer: capabilities and speed color or black and white quality reliability cost of ownership  Can you name these connection types and their characteristics?

3. Presentation_ID 3 © 2015 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Common Printer Features Printer Types  Inkjet high-quality printer spray technology  Laser high-quality, fast printer uses a laser beam to create an image  Thermal some retail cash registers or older fax machines uses heat for image generation  Impact has carbon-copy printing ability print heads strike an inked ribbon  Virtual sends the print job to a file (PDF, JPG) or to a remote destination in the cloud

4. Presentation_ID 4 © 2015 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Printers: Speed and Capacity Printers available today are:  Laser printers using electrophotographic technology.  Inkjet printers using electrostatic spray technology.  Dot matrix printers using impact technology.  New technology includes 3-D printer! New technology includes 3-D printer! –used in applications that require multiple (“carbon”) copies  Printer speed is measured in pages per minute (ppm): –inkjet printer 2 - 6 ppm –laser printer8 - 200 ppm  Price of a printer reflects its capacity (dpi) and speed (ppm).

5. Presentation_ID 5 © 2015 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Installing and Configuring Printers Installing and Updating a Printer  Follow the manufacturer’s directory when connecting the printer.  Printer software can be installed using the installation CD or tools from the manufacturer’s website. Use the latest version if available.  Every printer uses its unique printer driver and software that allows communications between printer and computer. PCL describes the appearance of the document. Postscript allows fonts and text types to be identical on the screen and on paper.  Check regularly for printer driver updates from the manufacturer.  After printer installation or printer driver updates, print test pages to verify the printer is working properly. Roll back the update if necessary.

6. Printer Drivers A printer driver is the software program that enables the computer and the printer to communicate with each other. Graphics Device Interface (GDI) – GDI is a Windows component that manages how graphical images are transmitted to output devices. GDI works by converting images to a bitmap that uses the computer instead of the printer to transfer the images.

7. Presentation_ID 7 © 2015 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Printer to Computer Interfaces To access a printer, a computer must have an interface with it. The following are common interface types:  Serial data transfer is the movement of single bits of information in a single cycle. –Serial ports are D-shell and are either male or female ports. –Maximum length of a serial cable is 50 ft.  Parallel data transfer is the movement of multiple bits of information in a single cycle (IEEE 1284). –Parallel data transfer is faster than serial data transfer. –ECC, EPP –Maximum length of a parallel cable is 15 ft.  Small Computer System Interface (SCSI), pronounced “scuzzy”, uses parallel communication to achieve high data-transfer rates.  Universal Serial Bus (USB) is a common interface for printers and other devices. When a USB device is added to a computer system supporting PnP, the device is automatically detected and starts the driver installation process.

8. Presentation_ID 8 © 2015 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential More Interface Types  Firewire is also known as i.LINK or IEEE 1394 and is a high-speed, communication bus that is platform independent. Firewire devices are hot-swappable. Firewire is also known as i.LINK or IEEE 1394 and is a high-speed, communication bus that is platform independent. Firewire devices are hot-swappable.  Ethernet is an interface for network printers, which are usually a resource shared on a network. Ethernet is an interface for network printers, which are usually a resource shared on a network.  Wireless printing technology: Wireless printing technology: –Infrared requires transmitters and receivers on both devices, a clear line of sight between the transmitter and receiver, and a maximum distance of 12 ft.Infrared requires transmitters and receivers on both devices, a clear line of sight between the transmitter and receiver, and a maximum distance of 12 ft. –Bluetooth technology uses an unlicensed radio frequency for short-range communication.Bluetooth technology uses an unlicensed radio frequency for short-range communication. –Wi-Fi or IEEE 802.11 (b and g) is a standard for wireless communication.Wi-Fi or IEEE 802.11 (b and g) is a standard for wireless communication. –How to install a wireless printerHow to install a wireless printer

9. Presentation_ID 9 © 2015 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Installing and Configuring Printers Configuring Options and Default Settings  Some common printer configuration settings are: paper type, print quality, and paper size.  Printers can be configured using the global or per document methods.  From the Control Panel in the Printers and Faxes or Devices and Printers section, a default printer can be set for all the print jobs.

10. Presentation_ID 10 © 2015 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Installing and Configuring Printers Optimizing Printer Performance  Most printer optimization is done through software supplied with the printer driver. printer spooling settings color calibration paper orientation  Some printers updated through hardware optimization firmware upgrades printer memory upgrades

11. Presentation_ID 11 © 2015 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Laser Printers  A laser printer is a high-quality, fast printer that uses a laser beam to create an image.  The main components contained within a laser printer: –toner cartridge –laser scanner –high-voltage power supply –paper transport mechanism –transfer corona –fuser assembly –control circuitry –ozone filter  NOTE: You should know the components of a laser printer and the steps required to print a page.

12. Presentation_ID 12 © 2015 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Laser Printer Operation  The laser printer process involves seven steps to print information onto a single sheet of paper. 1. Processing 2. Charging 3. Exposing 4. Developing 5. Transferring 6. Fusing 7. Cleaning

13. Presentation_ID 13 © 2015 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Laser Printer Operation

14. Presentation_ID 14 © 2015 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Laser Printer Operation Processing  The data from the source must be converted into a printable form. The printer converts data from common languages, such as Adobe PostScript (PS) or HP Printer Command Language (PCL), to a bitmap image stored in the printer’s memory. Some laser printers have built in Graphical Device Interface (GDI) support. GDI is used by Windows applications to display printed images on a monitor so there is no need to convert the output to another format such as PostScript or PCL. Charging  The previous latent image on the drum is removed and the drum is conditioned for the new latent image. A wire, grid, or roller receives a charge of approximately -600 volts DC uniformly across the surface of the drum. The charged wire or grid is called the primary corona. The roller is called a conditioning roller.

15. Presentation_ID 15 © 2015 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Laser Printer Operation Exposing  To write the image, the photosensitive drum is exposed with the laser beam. Every portion of the drum that is scanned with the light has the surface charge reduced to about -100 volts DC. This electrical charge has a lower negative charge than the remainder of the drum. As the drum turns, an invisible latent image is created on the drum. Developing  The toner is applied to the latent image on the drum. The toner is a negatively charged combination of plastic and metal particles. A control blade holds the toner at a microscopic distance from the drum. The toner then moves from the control blade to the more positively charged latent image on the drum.

16. Presentation_ID 16 © 2015 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Laser Printer Operation Transferring  The toner attached to the latent image is transferred to the paper. A corona wire places a positive charge on the paper. Because the drum was charged negatively, the toner on the drum is attracted to the paper. The image is now on the paper and is held in place by the positive charge. To ensure precise images, some color printers write multiple times onto a transfer belt that transfers the complete image to paper. Fusing  The toner is permanently fused to the paper. The printing paper is rolled between a heated roller and a pressure roller. As the paper moves through the rollers, the loose toner is melted and fused with the fibers in the paper. Cleaning  A printer might have a blade that scrapes the excess toner. Some printers use an AC voltage on a wire that removes the charge from the drum surface and allows the excess toner to fall away from the drum.

17. Presentation_ID 17 © 2015 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Typical Laser Printer Mechanism The drum is a metal cylinder that is coated with a light- sensitive insulating material.

18. Presentation_ID 18 © 2015 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential WARNING The primary corona wire or grid, or the conditioning roller, can be very dangerous. The voltage runs as high as -6000 volts. Only certified technicians should work on the unit. Before working inside a laser printer, you should make sure that voltage is properly discharged.

19. Presentation_ID 19 © 2015 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Impact Printers  Impact printers form characters when the print head impacts a printer tape or inked ribbon to create characters (daisy-wheel and dot-matrix printers).  Advantages: –uses inexpensive consumables –uses continuous feed paper –has copy printing ability (“carbon copies”)  Disadvantages: –noisy –low resolution graphics –limited color capability –slow printing, normally 32 to 76 characters per second (cps)

20. Presentation_ID 20 © 2015 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Inkjet Printers  Use ink-filled cartridges that spray ink onto a page through tiny holes or nozzles. The ink is sprayed in a pattern on the page, one column of dots at a time. –produce high quality (photo quality) print measured in dpi (dots per inch) –easy to use –inexpensive compared to laser printers  Two types of inkjet nozzles: –Thermal - A pulse of electrical current is applied to heating chambers around the nozzles. The heat creates a bubble of steam in the chamber which forces ink out through the nozzle. –A charge is applied to piezoelectric crystals, located in the ink reservoir at the back of each nozzle. This charge causes the crystals to vibrate. The vibration controls the flow of ink onto the paper.

21. Presentation_ID 21 © 2015 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Inkjet Printer Components  A feeding mechanism draws paper in and the paper passes by the print head where ink is sprayed onto it.  A disadvantage to these printers is that the nozzles can get obstructed.  Paper leaves the printer through the discharge mechanism and is wet for about 15 seconds.

22. Presentation_ID 22 © 2015 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Solid-Ink Printers Use solid sticks of ink rather than toner or ink cartridges  The printing process: –Step 1: Cleaning –Step 2: Spraying –Step 3: Transferring  Advantages: –produces vibrant color prints –easy to use –can use many different paper types  Disadvantages: –expensive (the printer and ink) –slow to warm up

23. Presentation_ID 23 © 2015 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Thermal Printers  A thermal printer uses chemically-treated paper that becomes black when heated (often used for cash register receipts).  A thermal transfer printer uses heat-sensitive ribbon, which the print head melts onto the paper.  Thermal printers have a longer life because there are few moving parts.  Disadvantages: –paper is expensive –paper has a short shelf life –images are poor quality –paper must be stored at room temperature

24. Presentation_ID 24 © 2015 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Dye-Sublimation Printers  also called thermal dye printers  usually used in producing photo-quality images for graphic printing  uses solid sheets of ink that change directly from solid to gas when heated in a process called sublimating  Advantages: –very high quality images –overcoat layer reduces smearing, increases moisture resistance  Disadvantages: –media can be expensive –better for color than for grayscale (black and white)

25. Presentation_ID 25 © 2015 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Sharing Printers Operating System Settings for Sharing Printers  Printers can be shared on a network or using wireless or Bluetooth connections.  Printer sharing can be configured in the Network and Sharing Center in the Control Panel.  Shared printers can be connected using wired or wireless methods.  To connect to a shared printer, navigate to the Control Panel. Choose Printers or Devices and Printers to add a printer.

26. Presentation_ID 26 © 2015 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Sharing Printers Print Servers  Print servers allows multiple computer users to access a single printer.  Print servers has three functions: provide client access to print sources queue and send print jobs provide feedback to account creation  Three types of print servers Software – installed on a client computer Hardware – connects the network and communicates with the printer Dedicated – used in a large network with multiple LANs  Can you name the print server type used based on the topology below?

27. Presentation_ID 27 © 2015 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Maintaining and Troubleshooting Printers Printer Preventive Maintenance  Follow vendor’s guidelines when performing preventive maintenance to keep the printer in good condition.  Replace consumables using the manufacturer’s recommendations.  Keep the printer clean using the manufacturer’s instructions. Clean the print heads on inkjet printer. Use a HEPA vacuum cleaner to remove toner particles in a laser printer. Clean the heating element with isopropyl alcohol on a thermal printer.  Keep the environment dry and clean. Store printers and supplies in a cool, dust-free, dry environment. Keep the glass clean on the copier / scanner.

28. Presentation_ID 28 © 2015 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Printer Maintenance  Printers have many moving parts and require more maintenance than most electronic devices.  CAUTION: Unplug the printer from the electrical source before beginning maintenance.  Techniques for maintaining printers: –Use manufacturer monitoring and diagnostic software. –Dot matrix printers have roller surfaces that you should clean with a damp cloth. –Inkjet printers have paper-handling mechanisms that may collect particles of paper over time. Wipe the area with a damp cloth. –Clean a laser printer with a special vacuum cleaner (not a household type) if you spill the toner. Unplug a laser printer before cleaning it due to the high voltages.

29. Presentation_ID 29 © 2015 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Printer Paper and Ink  The correct type of paper helps the printer operate better.  Types of printer paper available include inkjet and laser.  Some papers, especially photo paper and transparencies, have a right and wrong side marked by an arrow on the package.  Manufacturer will recommend the brand and type of ink to use.  If the wrong type of ink is used, the printer may not work or the print quality may be reduced.  Do not refill ink cartridges because the ink may leak.  After performing maintenance, reset the printer page counters!

30. Presentation_ID 30 © 2015 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Let’s see what you have learned... Q:Quality of printers is measured in ______. A:dots per inch Q:What phase of the laser printing process applies the toner to the latent image on the drum? A:developing Q:What phase of the laser printing process converts the data into a printable form? A:processing Q:What phase of the laser printing process permanently attaches the image to paper? A:fusing

31. Presentation_ID 31 © 2015 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Let’s see what you have learned... Q:_____ is a Windows component that manages how graphical images are transmitted to output devices. A:GDI Q:Can standalone printers attached to a computer be “networked”? A: Yes. by “sharing” Q:When installing a USB printer, when should you plug it into the computer? A:after installing the software and drivers to ensure correct installation Q:Printers can be upgraded in what two ways? A:firmware, memory

32. Presentation_ID 32 © 2015 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Types of Scanners  Technicians may be required to purchase, repair, or maintain a scanner.  The following are tasks that a customer may request: –select a scanner –install and configure a scanner –troubleshoot a scanner

33. Presentation_ID 33 © 2015 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Types of Scanners  Scanners convert printed data or images into an electronic data format that a computer can store or process as required. –A scanned image can be saved, modified, and even e-mailed as you would with any other file. All-in-one scanner Flatbed scanner Handheld scanner Drum scanner

34. Presentation_ID 34 © 2015 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Resolution and OCR  Features, quality, and speed of scanners vary. Scanners typically create an RGB image that can be converted into image formats such as JPEG, TIFF, Bitmap, and PNG. An RGB image has three channels: red, green, and blue.  Some scanners can create text documents using optical character recognition (OCR). OCR software is used to convert a scanned printed page into text that can be edited with a word processor. Resolution of a scanner is measured in dots per inch (dpi). Like printers, the higher the dpi, the better the quality of the image.

35. Presentation_ID 35 © 2015 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential All-in-one Scanners  An all-in-one device combines the functionality of multiple devices into one physical piece of hardware. –scanner, printer, copier, and/or fax  Advantages: –all devices are built in –low cost –one upgrade for all devices –easy connection and setup –uses one port for all devices  Disadvantages: –one problem effects all devices –not designed for heavy use

36. Presentation_ID 36 © 2015 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Flatbed Scanners  Often used to scan books and photographs for archiving.  Image is acquired by placing the document face down on the glass. The scanner head lies beneath the glass and moves along the item, capturing the image.  Sheet feeders can be used with flatbed scanners to scan multiple pages automatically.  Maintenance: –Keep flatbed scanning glass clean. –Avoid placing items in the scanner that can scratch the glass.

37. Presentation_ID 37 © 2015 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Handheld Scanners  Pass the scanner head across the surface you want to scan.  When you want to scan an item larger than the head of the handheld scanner, you must make more than one pass to capture the full image and then put the images back together to form a single image of the item that was scanned.

38. Presentation_ID 38 © 2015 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Configuration Options and Defaults  A scanner may come with applications such as: graphic software for editing photographs and other images. OCR software that converts text in an image to a text document.  Configurations may include: color, grayscale, or black-and-white scanning. one-touch scanning into your choice of software. quality and resolution choices. sheet feeders.  Color calibration between devices is important so that you see true representations of color.

39. Presentation_ID 39 © 2015 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential  resizing  sharpening  brightening or darkening  color correction  resolution changes  affects the size of the output file  color inversion  type of output file  calibration  use when having digitizing problems Scanner Optimization

40. Presentation_ID 40 © 2015 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Scanner Maintenance  The scanner surface should be kept clean. If the glass becomes dirty, consult the manufacturer's user manual. –To prevent liquid from leaking into the scanner case, do not spray glass cleaner directly on the device. Dampen a cloth with cleaner, and then apply gently to the glass.  If the inside of the glass becomes dirty, check the manual for instructions on how to open the unit or remove the glass from the scanner. –If possible, clean both sides of the glass. –When the scanner is not in use, keep lid closed. –Never lay anything heavy on a scanner. –Store handheld scanners in a safe place.

41. Presentation_ID 41 © 2015 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Hazards of Printers and Scanners Always follow safety procedures when working on any computer, printer or scanner. These rules will keep you and the equipment safe.  Always lift equipment by using the strength in your legs and knees, not your back.  Wear appropriate work clothes and shoes. Do not wear loose jewelry or baggy clothes when servicing computer equipment.  Turn off equipment and allow it to cool before beginning any repairs on internal components. In a laser printer, the fuser assembly needs to cool down; and in a dot-matrix printer, the print head needs to cool. –Corona wires and transfer rollers can retain high voltages even after the printer has been unplugged.  Only qualified technicians should perform advanced repairs on laser printers due to high voltage potential.

42. Presentation_ID 42 © 2015 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Maintaining and Troubleshooting Printers Troubleshooting Printer Issues  Identify the Problem The first step in the troubleshooting process. A list of open and closed-ended questions is useful.  Establish a Theory of Probable Cause Based on the answers received, establish a theory probable cause. A list of common problems can be useful.  Test the Theory to Determine Cause Test your theories to determine the cause of the problem. A list of quick procedures to common problems can help.  Establish a Plan of Action to Resolve the Problem and Implement the Solution A plan of action is needed to solve the problem and implement a permanent solution.

43. Presentation_ID 43 © 2015 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Maintaining and Troubleshooting Printers Troubleshooting Printers Issues (cont.)  Verify Full System Functionality and Implement Preventive Measures It is important to perform a full system check. If applicable, implement preventive measures to avoid future problem recurrences.  Document Findings, Actions and Outcomes Findings, repairs and notes should be documented. This log can be helpful for future reference.

44. Presentation_ID 44 © 2015 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Maintaining and Troubleshooting Printers Common Problems and Solutions for Printers  Some printer problems are more common than others.  Printer problems are usually caused by hardware, application or configuration issues.  A few common printer problems include: Printer is powered off or in standby mode. Printer has an error, such as out of paper, paper jam, or out of toner / ink. Printer does not print. Printer prints unknown characters. Print jobs are faded. Users receive the message “Document failed to print” Printer is printing incorrect colors.

45. Presentation_ID 45 © 2015 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Chapter Summary Summary This chapter introduced the printers. The following concepts from this chapter are important to remember:  Various types of printers and connections Depending on the output, the printer is either suitable for commercial or home use Different speeds affect the quality of print Different printer connections, such as serial, parallel, USB, Firewire, or Bluetooth  Printer installation Automatic installation from the computer Tools from manufacturer’s website CD supplied by the manufacturer  Share a printer  Preventive Maintenance Keep the printer and supplies clean, dry, dust-free. Always follow safety procedures and manufacturer’s guidelines when servicing the printer.

46. Presentation_ID 46 © 2015 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Assignments  Carefully read Chapter 11 completing any interactive activities included and watching any embedded videos.  Complete the For Chapter 11 quiz.  Complete the following labs:  Lab—Install the Samsung laser printer in Windows 7: In this lab, you will install a laser printer. You will find, download, and update the driver and the software for the printer. The test page shows you have completed the lab (1 printout).  Lab—Share a Printer in Windows 7: In this lab you will share the Samsung laser printer, have a partner find the printer, and then print a test page from the remote computer. Grab a screenshot of the Printer Properties dialog box that shows the Sharing tab. Print this to turn in. For this lab, you will have the remote computer’s printout and the screenshot (2 printouts).  Lab—Install the Canon All-in-One Printer in Windows 8.1: In this lab, you will install an alternate printer (all-in-one) in Windows 8.1. The test page shows you have completed the lab (1 printout).  Scan—scan an image of your choice (a dollar bill, your driver’s license, your MCC ID, etc.— something that is a graphic) at two different resolutions. Save each scan as ImageXX.jpg (where XX is the resolution number. Print each document and mark on the printout the resolution you chose for scanning. Did you see a difference? Make some comments on the scanned printouts (2 printouts). Save the images to submit with your 2nd lab submission.  Install a TCP/IP Port Printer. In this lab you will install the classroom laser printer as a TCP/IP Port printer in Windows 7. The instructor will provide the IP address. Print a test page to show you have completed this lab (1 printout).

47. Presentation_ID 47 © 2015 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential