1. Temperature Metric Observation Inference Quantitative Qualitative 9 th grade Science Dr. Cocozza

2. Review: 1. Everything is made of _________________. 2. ________________ is described as anything that has volume and mass. 3. Volume is ___________________________. 4. Volume can be measured in two ways 1. _____________________________________ 2. _____________________________________ 5. You need the _________, _________, ________ of a solid regular object to find volume. Matter The amount of space an object takes up Direct measurement w/ ruler (cm 3 ) Water displacement (mL) Length widthHeight

3. Look at the Sheet with the 3 lines Using the cm or mm side of the ruler measure each line to the nearest mm. Using the cm or mm side of the ruler measure each line to the nearest mm. Put the first line of the cm side at the end of the line on the paper. Put the first line of the cm side at the end of the line on the paper. Measure how long the line is Measure how long the line is The line is 7.7 cm long The line is 7.7 cm long If you can convert your cm to mm like this If you can convert your cm to mm like this 7.7 cm = 77 mm 7.7 cm = 77 mm

4. What is the length of each line? Measure in cm and mm 1. ____________cm ____________mm 2. ____________cm ____________mm 3. ____________cm ___________mm 15.4 154 6.161 19.1191 Remember no one is perfect! If you are within.1 of the correct answer you are fine and it would be marked correct on a test.

5. Practice converting these Lengths 1. 17.4 cm or ______ mm 2. ______ cm or 14 mm 3. 9.5 cm or ______ mm 4. ______ cm or 51 mm 5. 12.7 cm or ______ mm 174 1.4 95 5.1 127

6. Reading a Metric Ruler Reading a Metric Ruler How many cm mm 90.5905 39.7397 22.1221 82.5825

7. Reading a Metric Ruler Reading a Metric Ruler How many cm mm 67.9679 87.1871 32.3323 44.1 441

8. Liquid Volume

9. Do you know your Glassware? Let’s look at some glassware and learn there names… Let’s look at some glassware and learn there names…

10. Beaker

11. Beaker Uses A beaker is a simple container for stirring, mixing and heating larger quantities of liquids commonly used in many laboratories. It is not as accurate as the next piece of glassware that we will see…

12. Graduated Cylinder

13. Graduated Cylinder Uses The graduated cylinder is used for measuring volumes (amounts) of liquids. This piece of equipment is used routinely, although it is only moderately accurate compared to other tools. It is not as accurate as the next piece of glassware that we will see…

14. Volumetric Flask

15. Volumetric Flask Uses A volumetric flask (measuring flask or graduated flask) is a piece of laboratory glassware, a type of laboratory flask, calibrated to contain a precise volume at a particular temperature. Volumetric flasks are used for precise dilutions and preparation of standard solutions. It is not as accurate as the next piece of glassware that we will see…

16. Pipette

17. Pipette Uses Used to measure very small and oprecise amounts of a liquid. Used to measure very small and oprecise amounts of a liquid.

18. Erlenmeyer Flask

19. Erlenmeyer Flask Uses The Erlenmeyer flask was created by Emil Erlenmeyer, a German chemist, in the 1860s. He developed a flask that has a flat bottom with a tapered neck. The mouth, or opening, is used for pouring solutions and may be closed with a stopper in order to store samples.

20. Boiling Flasks (Round and Flat)

21. Boiling Flasks Uses It is used as a container to hold liquids. Also known as a Florence flask, it has a round body, a single long neck, and sometimes a flat bottom. It is designed for uniform heating, boiling, distillation and ease of swirling.

22. Sepatory Funnel

23. Separatory Funnel A separatory funnel, is a piece of laboratory glassware used in liquid-liquid extractions to separate the parts of a mixture into two places. This can be done if the have different densities. Think about oil and water…

24. Reading Glassware

25. A graduated cylinder is used to measure liquid volume. The unit is the milliliter (mL). To use a graduated cylinder, you must remember the following: 1. Place the graduated cylinder on a flat surface and view the height of the liquid in the cylinder with your eyes directly level with the liquid. The liquid will tend to curve downward. This curve is called the meniscus. Always read the measurement at the bottom of the meniscus.

26. 2. Image shows how to read a graduated cylinder at eye level and at the bottom of the meniscus 3. The graduated cylinder will usually have heavy markings at 10, 20, 30... milliliters. There are usually smaller markings in between the larger units called graduations. Read the graduated cylinder to the nearest tenth of a milliliter

27. Graduated cylinders come in many different sizes and can be marked with different scale increments. It is important to determine the scale increment before you begin to measure. To find the scale increment, subtract the values of any two adjacent labeled graduations and divide by the number of intervals between them. For example: 15 – 10 = 5 (subtract the values of two adjacent labeled graduations 5/5= 1 (divide by the number of intervals between them) So each graduation on the cylinder is 1 mL

28. Practice Reading Glassware

29. 1mL 2mL.2 mL.5mL

30. 25 mL36 mL5.4 mL14 mL

32. Read the Glassware Lab

33. StationMaximum Measurement Minimum Measurement Volume of water B. C. D. E. F. G. H. 50 <50 20025 175 35025 100 1,00050 600 2010 300 <300 10.1 6.7

34. StationMaximum Measurement Minimum Measurement Volume of water I. J. 4010 20 250 # of the blockMass of block g Order from most to least dense 1 3 - 3 3 4 - 1 7 2 - 7 9 1 - 9 46.2 138.0 18.6 9.7

35. Explain why you were able to order the blocks by density even though you only knew the mass. You can use mass to organize the blocks because the volume is the same for all blocks. See an example… You can use mass to organize the blocks because the volume is the same for all blocks. See an example… Blocks 1,3,7,9 all have a volume of 17.6 g/cm 3 so block two’s density is 138 / 17.6 = 7.84 and block nine’s density is 9.7 / 17.6 =.55 Blocks 1,3,7,9 all have a volume of 17.6 g/cm 3 so block two’s density is 138 / 17.6 = 7.84 and block nine’s density is 9.7 / 17.6 =.55 Only the mass changes so you can organize the density by looking at only mass. Only the mass changes so you can organize the density by looking at only mass.

36. KHDaBaseDCM 1. 256 m = _____________ dam 2. 97.25 cm = _____________ mm 3. 952 dag = _____________ g 4..574 m = _____________ mm 5. 5.287 dL = _____________ daL 25.6 972.5 9,520. 0 574.0 0.05287

37. KHDaBaseDCM 6. 785.3 km = _____________ m 7. 84.363 L = ____________ dL 8. 872 hm = _____________ mm 9. 95,824 dam = ___________ dm 10. 8.26 kL = _____________ dL 785,300.0 843.63 87,200,000.0 9,582,400.0 82,600.0

38. Finding Solid Volume Through Water Displacement

40. 7 mL 38 mL33 mL20 mL40 mL 40 – 20 = 20 mL water and 20 mL rock Place a known quantity of water in the GC. Add object calculate change in water level. Change in the mass of the object.

41. Temperature Measure of the average Kinetic Energy of the particles in a sample of matter Measure of the average Kinetic Energy of the particles in a sample of matter What is Kinetic Energy? What is Kinetic Energy? The energy of motion. The energy of motion.

42. The units of Temperature What Units are used in the US? What Units are used in the US? Fahrenheit F o Creator: Fahrenheit F o Creator: Daniel FahrenheitDaniel Fahrenheit What units are used in most of Europe? What units are used in most of Europe? Celsius C o Creator: Anders Celsius Celsius C o Creator: Anders Celsius What is the Celsius scale based on? What is the Celsius scale based on?

43. What units are used by scientists? What units are used by scientists? Kelvin K Kelvin K Developed by Lord Kelvin in the mid 1800’s. Developed by Lord Kelvin in the mid 1800’s. This scale is based on atomic motion. This scale is based on atomic motion.

44. What Countries still use Fahrenheit? USA USA Burma Burma Liberia Liberia Any idea why? Any idea why?

45. Fill in the table. Conversion Formulas C to F O F = ( 9/5 X C ) + 32 F to C O C = 5/9 X ( F - 32 ) Hint: 9/5 = 1.8 & 5/9=.556

46. Fill in the table using the formulas. Temperature Scales Fahrenheit O F Celsius O C Water Boils Body Temperature Room Temperature Water Freezes 98.6 100 68 20 320 212 37

47. Comparing the Scales 1. “ The weather forecaster predicts that today’s high will be 70 o.” Which scale is being used? ____________ On the Celsius scale? ___________ Fahrenheit 21.1 o C

48. Comparing the Scales 2. “ It was so cold yesterday that the temperature only reached -4!” Which scale is being used? ____________ On the Fahrenheit scale?____________ Celsius 24.8 o F

49. Comparing the Scales 3. “ Today’s temperature of 42 o in Chicago set a record high for the month of August. Which scale is being used? ____________ On the Fahrenheit scale?____________ Celsius 107.6 o F

50. Comparing the Scales 4. “ Today’s temperature of 113 o in Death Valley is not to bad for the summer months. Which scale is being used? ____________ On the Fahrenheit scale?____________ Fahrenheit 45 o C

51. Metric Conversions

52. KHDaBDCM Base units are Meters, Liters, Grams, Watts, Newtons, and any other units we learn this year. Base units are Meters, Liters, Grams, Watts, Newtons, and any other units we learn this year. ilo ectoeca Base units ecientiilli

53. KHDaBDCM Kyle Hates Because Cost Money Dates

54. KHDaBDCM Let’s look at a metric ruler… Let’s look at a metric ruler… How many meters are in a meter? How many meters are in a meter? 1 How many decimeters are in a meter? How many decimeters are in a meter? 10 10 How many centimeters are in a meter? How many centimeters are in a meter? 100 100 How many millimeters are in a meter? How many millimeters are in a meter? 1000 1000

55. KHDaBDCM Let’s look at a metric ruler in the other direction… Let’s look at a metric ruler in the other direction… How many meters are needed to make a decameter? How many meters are needed to make a decameter? 10 10 How many meters are needed to make a hectometer? How many meters are needed to make a hectometer? 100 100 How many meters are needed to make a kilometer? How many meters are needed to make a kilometer? 1000 1000

56. 47424.6mL= _____________hL Put your finger on the units that you are given which are mL. Put your finger on the units that you are given which are mL. Move your finger left to hL, and count the number of moves. Move your finger left to hL, and count the number of moves. Five to the left. Five to the left. Move the decimal the name number of places in the same direction. Move the decimal the name number of places in the same direction. KHDaBDCM.474246

57. 5.0342 kL= _____________L Put your finger on the units that you are given which are kL. Put your finger on the units that you are given which are kL. Move your finger left to L, and count the number of moves. Move your finger left to L, and count the number of moves. Three to the right. Three to the right. Move the decimal the name number of places in the same direction. Move the decimal the name number of places in the same direction. KHDaBDCM 5034.2

58. 1. 3770mL =_________L 2. 9200L = _________kL 3. 37g = ___________kg 4. 5130L =________ kL 5. 3240mg = ________dg 6. 6300m = ________km 7. 24.9kg ___________ g 8. 430000g= ________hg 9. 23.044daL=_______ mL 10. 412L = _________ mL 11. 230 L= __________kL 12. 157.33cm= _______m 13. 210mL= ________daL 14. 7298.3mL= _______L 15. 1.23dam= _______cm 16. 520L= __________dL 17. 165m= _________mm 18. 230cm= __________m 19. 417km = ________m 20. 723.44mg= _______hg 21. 281 m= _________mm 3.779.20.037 5.1332.46.3 24,9004,300230,440 412,000.23 1.5733 0.0217.29831,230 5,200165,0002.3 417,000.0072344 281,000

59. Metric Conversion 1. 256 m = ___________ dam 2. 97.25 cm = ___________ mm 3. 952 dag = ___________ mg 4..574 m = ___________ cm 5. 5.287 dL = ___________ mL 6. 785.3 km = ___________ m 7. 84.363 km = __________ dm 8. 872 km = ___________ mm 9. 95,824 dam = _________ dm 10. 8.26 kL = ___________ dL 11. 36 mm = ___________ cm 12. 857 cm = ___________ mm 13. 8.52 mg = ___________ g 14. 975 hm = ___________ cm 15. 9,824 cm = ___________ m 16. 74.21 cm = __________ dam 17..254 g = ___________ kg 18. 96 mm = ___________ hm 19. 12.5 cm = ___________ m 20..85 mL = ___________ L 25.6 972.5 9,520,000 57.4 528.7 785,300 843,630 872,000,000 9,582,400 82,600 3.6 8,570.00852 9,750,000 98.24.07421.000254.00096.125.00085

60. 21. 86 g = __________ mg 22. 87.2 mm = __________ cm 23. 1 dm = __________ cm 24. 973.5 cm = __________ dL 25..534 cm = __________ m 26. 984 g = __________ kg 27. 8.64 dam = __________ hm 28. 64.3 mL = __________ L 29. 8.47 km = __________ m 30. 74,201 mm = __________ km Metric Conversion 31..24 mg = __________ kg 32. 7.4 kL = __________ L 33. 874 m = __________ cm 34. 1 hm = __________ km 35. 8.412 mg = __________ dg 36. 68.2 mg = __________ g 37. 8.5743 cm = __________ km 38. 95,870 dam = _________ mm 39. 547 kL = __________ mL 40. 6.5 km = __________ hm

61. Observation Inference

62. Observations vs. Inferences Observations: Something that you experience with your 5 senses Inferences: a statement, conclusion or reflection Quantitative: an observation that is expressed using numbers Qualitative: An observation that is described in terms of the qualities of the object (made using 5 senses)

63. REMEMBER! Observations must be specific and accurate, not relative, so that it means the same to everyone. Observations must be specific and accurate, not relative, so that it means the same to everyone. Example: Example: Incorrect - the burning bag smelled nasty Incorrect - the burning bag smelled nasty Correct - the burning bag smelled similar to rotten eggs Correct - the burning bag smelled similar to rotten eggs Qualitative observations – Qualitative observations – Example: Mr. Jones has blue eyes Example: Mr. Jones has blue eyes Quantitative observations Quantitative observations Example: Mr. Jones has two eyes Example: Mr. Jones has two eyes Inference – Inference – Example: you leave the movie theater and see the ground is wet so you infer that it rained. Example: you leave the movie theater and see the ground is wet so you infer that it rained.

65. Now you come up with 4 more that meet these requirements…. 1. Quantitative Observation 2. Qualitative Observation 3. Quantitative Inference 4. Qualitative Inference

66. Obs. Inf. Obs. Inf.

67. The ice cream in the freezer was melted.

68. The lights in the house go out during a thunderstorm.

69. Water is splashing down the window.

70. Using what you just learned! On the next slide there is a photo. Use the photo to make... inferencesobservations qualitative observations quantitative observations

71. What do you think?

72. Review For the Intro to Science Quiz

73. Read the Ruler in cm & mm! 59.9 cm 599mm 54.9 cm 549 mm 79.7 cm 797 mm 46.5 cm 465 mm

74. 1. 86 g = _____________ mg 2. 87.2 dam = _____________ dm 3. 1,776 m = _____________ mm 4. 73.5 cL = _____________ dL 5. 22.534 cm = _____________ m 6. 984 g = _____________ kg 7. 48.647 kg = _____________ dag Metric Conversion 86,000 8,720 1,776,000 7.35.22534.984 4864.7 KHDaBaseDCM

75. Temperature Review 1.44 CelsiusFahrenheitKelvin 2.76 3.520 4.88 5.310 What is temperature? 6.67279.81 168.8349 246.85476.33 31.1304.1 36.85 98.33 Average Kinetic Energy of particles in a substance

76. Review Liquid Volume Always read meniscus down. 33 mL 58 mL 14.5 mL 1mL = _____cm 3 The density of water is _______g/cm 3 1 1

77. Observations vs. Inferences Observations: Something that you experience with your 5 senses Inferences: a statement, conclusion or reflection Quantitative: an observation that is expresses using numbers Qualitative: An observation that is described in terms of the qualities of the object (made using 5 senses)

78. Make observations & inferences about this photo. Are they Quantitative or Qualitative?

79. Reading a Metric Ruler How many cm mm 90.1 901 82.9 829 18.9 189 88.7 887 77.1 771

80. Quiz Friday Using / reading a metric ruler Using / reading a metric ruler Temperature conversions Temperature conversions Temperature scales- Fahrenheit, Celsius Temperature scales- Fahrenheit, Celsius Define: Temperature Define: Temperature Metric Conversions: Know what the Meter, Liter and Gram measure. Metric Conversions: Know what the Meter, Liter and Gram measure. Reading a Graduated Cylinder Reading a Graduated Cylinder Quantitative & Qualitative Quantitative & Qualitative Observations & Inferences Observations & Inferences

81. ToolUnits Temperature of a liquid Thermometer oC oC Mass of an object Triple Beam Balance Grams Duration of an event Timer Sec. Length of an object Ruler cm Volume of a liquid Graduated Cylinder mL Volume small regular solid Ruler cm 3 Volume large regular solid Meter Stick m 3 Volume irregular solid Graduated Cylinder mL

82. Step 1 Work out what it counts by… Work out what it counts by…

83. Let’s focus on the distance between the two numbers… 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 See how there are 10 lines between 50 and 60 ?

84. It must count by 1 mL… 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51

85. Step 2 Now we read the water level. Because it counts by 1mL and we don’t guess the answer must be a whole number. Now we read the water level. Because it counts by 1mL and we don’t guess the answer must be a whole number.

86. Look at where the meniscus is 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51

87. 56 mL

88. Step 1 again. Work out what it counts by… Work out what it counts by…

89. Let’s focus on the distance between the two numbers… 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.1 See how there are also 10 lines here between 3 and 4?

90. It must count by.1 mL… 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.1

91. Step 2 again Now we read the water level. Because it counts by.1mL and the answer must be a whole number with one decimal point. 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.1

92. Look at where the meniscus is

93. Must be 4.3 mL