1. The Relations between Semantic Roles and Semantic Classes in VerbaLex Dana Hlaváčková hlavack@fi.muni.cz Faculty of Informatics Masaryk University Brno

2. Contents ● Introduction ● Resources ● VerbaLex – Verb Valency Frames Database ● Complex Valency Frame ● Two level semantic role (SR) tags ● Semantic classes (SC) ● Relations between SR and SC ● Conclusion and Future directions

3. Resources ● BRIEF – syntactic lexicon of Czech verb valencies 1997, FI MU Brno, 15,000 verbs, 50,000 valency frames ● Czech WordNet Valency Frames 2002 - 2004, Balkanet project, 3,000 valency frames ● VALLEX 1.0 (Prague Dependency Treebank) 2003, MFF UK Prague, 5,000 valency frames ► VerbaLex since 2005

4. Verb Valency Frames Database ● VerbaLex 2.0 ● headwords = synset – lemmata with sense numbers ● Basic and Complex Valency Frames ● synsets – 7 063 ● verb senses – 23 461 ● lemmata – 10 596 ● frames – 21 100 ● formats – txt, xml, pdf, html

5. Complex Valency Frame SYNSET: BAVIT:1, ROZPTÝLIT:2, ROZPTYLOVAT:2 DEFINITION: poskytovat někomu zábavu/make (somebody) laugh passive: yes meaning: I class: amuse-31.1-1 impf: bavit:1 pf: rozptýlit:2 impf: rozptylovat:2 Basic Valency Frame: example: impf: bavil děti hrou/he amused the children by playing the game attr: use: prim, reflexivity: obj_ak AG(kdo1; ;obl) VERB PAT (koho4; ;obl) ACT(čím7; ;opt)

6. Two level semantic role tags ● EuroWN Top-Ontology ► top EuroWN hyperonyms ● Example: EuroWN Top-Ontology: 1 st OrderEntity – Substance ● 1 st level – the main semantic role SUBS ● 2 nd level – lexical unit with meaning specification substance:1 ● SUBS(substance:1) Definition - that which has mass and occupies space ● hyponymic lexical units: SUBS(solid:1), SUBS(liquid:3), SUBS(gas:2), SUBS(food:1), SUBS(beverage:1)... ● hyponyms of 2 nd level lexical unit - groups of words replenishable to valency frames ~ impf: pít:1 (to drink st.) beverage:1 – Definition - any liquid suitable for drinking AG(kdo1; ;obl) VERB SUBS(co4; ;obl)

7. Semantic classes ● Beth Levin – 48 SC ● Martha Palmer (VerbNet) ● 82 SC ● 395 subclasses ● Czech SC ● 82 SC ● 258 subclasses ● 6 393 different lemmata

8. Relations 2 nd level SR – SC 2 nd level semantic role – beverage:1 (in 42 valency frames in VerbaLex) beverage consumption – pít/drink, upíjet/sip, bumbat/guggle, ochutnávat/taste... oversized beverage consumption – chlastat/booze, opíjet se/soak, přihnout si/swig... beverage serving – čepovat/tap, točit/draw, nalévat/pour, napojit/water... beverage preparation – zkvasit/ferment, vařit/brew, ledovat/frost, protřepat/shake... physical result after oversized beverage consumption – zvracet/vomit, dávit/throw up, blinkat/be sick... Levin/Palmer's list of SC  39. Verbs of Ingesting  45. Verbs of Change of State (wide and more closely undefined class)

9. Conclusion ● one of the way of subclassification of SC ● suitable for 2 nd level SR with frequency from 30 to 1 000 occurrences ● useful for VerbaLex ● useful for Czech linguistics ● useful for NLP (?)