1. THE LEONS COLLEGE OF LAW1 Organizing Data and Information Chapter 4

2. THE LEONS COLLEGE OF LAW2 Principles and Learning Objectives The database approach to data management provides significant advantages over the traditional file-based approach. –Define general data management concepts and terms, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of the database approach to data management. –Name three database models and outline their basic features, advantages, and disadvantages.

3. THE LEONS COLLEGE OF LAW3 Principles and Learning Objectives A well-designed and well-managed database is an extremely valuable tool in supporting decision making. –Identify the common functions performed by all database management systems and identify three popular end-user database management systems.

4. THE LEONS COLLEGE OF LAW4 Principles and Learning Objectives Further improvements in the use of database technology will continue to evolve and yield real business benefits. –Identify and briefly discuss recent database applications.

5. THE LEONS COLLEGE OF LAW5 The Hierarchy of Data

6. THE LEONS COLLEGE OF LAW6 Keys and Attributes

7. THE LEONS COLLEGE OF LAW7 The Traditional Approach To Data Management

8. THE LEONS COLLEGE OF LAW8 The Database Approach to Data Management

9. THE LEONS COLLEGE OF LAW9 Advantages of the Database Approach

10. THE LEONS COLLEGE OF LAW10 Disadvantages of the Database Approach

11. THE LEONS COLLEGE OF LAW11 Data Modeling Planned data redundancy Data model Enterprise data modeling Entity-relationship diagrams

12. THE LEONS COLLEGE OF LAW12 Entity-Relationship Diagram for a Customer Ordering Database

13. THE LEONS COLLEGE OF LAW13 Database Models Hierarchical (tree) Network Relational

14. THE LEONS COLLEGE OF LAW14 Hierarchical Database Model

15. THE LEONS COLLEGE OF LAW15 Network Database Model

16. THE LEONS COLLEGE OF LAW16 Relational Database Model

17. THE LEONS COLLEGE OF LAW17 Relational Models Describe data using a standard tabular format with all data elements placed in two-dimensional tables, called relations, that are the logical equivalent of files. –Domain –Selecting –Projecting –Joining

18. THE LEONS COLLEGE OF LAW18 Linking Database Tables to Answer an Inquiry

19. THE LEONS COLLEGE OF LAW19 Building and Modifying a Relational Database

20. THE LEONS COLLEGE OF LAW20 Database Management Systems

21. THE LEONS COLLEGE OF LAW21 Providing a User View Schema - a description of the entire database Subschema - a file that contains a description of a subset of the database and identifies which users can modify the data items in that subset

22. THE LEONS COLLEGE OF LAW22 The Use of Schemas and Subschemas

23. THE LEONS COLLEGE OF LAW23 Creating and Modifying the Database Data definition language (DDL) - a collection of instructions and commands used to define and describe data and data relationships in a specific database Data dictionary – detailed description of data in a database

24. THE LEONS COLLEGE OF LAW24 Typical Uses of a Data Dictionary Provide a standard definition of terms and data elements Assist programmers in designing and writing programs Simplify database modification Reduce data redundancy Increase data reliability Speed program development Ease modification of data and information

25. THE LEONS COLLEGE OF LAW25 Storing and Retrieving Data

26. THE LEONS COLLEGE OF LAW26 Structured Query Language

27. THE LEONS COLLEGE OF LAW27 Database Output

28. THE LEONS COLLEGE OF LAW28 Popular Database Management Systems Paradox database FileMaker Pro Microsoft Access Lotus 1-2-3 Spreadsheet

29. THE LEONS COLLEGE OF LAW29 Worldwide Database Market Share (2001)

30. THE LEONS COLLEGE OF LAW30 Selecting a Database Management System Database size Number of concurrent users Performance Integration Features Vendor Cost

31. THE LEONS COLLEGE OF LAW31 Database Applications

32. THE LEONS COLLEGE OF LAW32 Data Warehouses, Data Marts, and Data Mining Data Warehouse - a database that collects business information from many sources in the enterprise, covering all aspects of the company’s processes, products, and customers. Data Mart – a subset of a data warehouse. Data Mining - an information analysis tool that involves the automated discovery of patterns and relationships in a data warehouse.

33. THE LEONS COLLEGE OF LAW33 Elements of a Data Warehouse

34. THE LEONS COLLEGE OF LAW34 Common Data Mining Applications

35. THE LEONS COLLEGE OF LAW35 Business Intelligence Gathering enough of the right information in a timely manner and usable form. –Competitive intelligence –Counterintelligence –Knowledge management

36. THE LEONS COLLEGE OF LAW36 Comparison of OLAP and Data Mining

37. THE LEONS COLLEGE OF LAW37 Advantages of ODBC

38. THE LEONS COLLEGE OF LAW38 Object-Relational Database Management System Stores the following types of data as objects: –audio –images –unstructured –text –spatial data

39. THE LEONS COLLEGE OF LAW39 Spatial Technology

40. THE LEONS COLLEGE OF LAW40 Summary Data - one of the most valuable resources a firm possesses. Entity - a generalized class of objects for which data is collected, stored, and maintained. Attribute - a characteristic of an entity. DBMS - a group of programs used as an interface between a database and application programs. Data mining - the automated discovery of patterns and relationships in a data warehouse.