1. What is Science?

2. Warm up
What is science?

3. Science is a way of explaining natural events in nature
The main goal of science-to understand the natural world
Distinguish scientific evidence from non-scientific
Remember CONPTT?

4. What is a Fact
Fact = best explanation of the world around, usually based on observation.
The student is wearing a blue shirt
The grass is green

5. What is a Law?
always applies under the same conditions, there is a cause & effect relationship, based on a series of facts
Examples:
Newton’s Law on the force of gravity.
Boyle’s Law of gases

6. What is a Theory?
explanation provided by extensive evidence that makes useful predictions about the natural world
Theory is an attempt to explain why certain laws exist
Theory of heliocentric solar system
Remember, subject to change with new______________.

7. So then, what is a hypothesis?
Hypothesis and theories Let’s listen to this explanation
Theory – when a hypothesis is tested and confirmed often enough that it is unlikely to be disproved by future tests
Hypothesis- educated idea based on observations. Can be repeated and obtain the same results.

8. organized discovery in the natural world
Observe
Questions about your observation
Have a hypothesis (explanation)
Test your hypothesis
Obtain facts and data about your tests. Measurable data!
Analysis your data & share your data
Replicate your data.

9. 1. Observation v Inference
Observation – The leaves are changing color
Inference- The leaves are changing color because they are dying

10. 2. Forming an idea (hypothesis)
A proposed explanation for an observation
Hypothesis = >
Hypothesis must be testable.

11. Have a ? that guides you Which detergent cleans the best?
Claim Berryliscious juice has the most berries!
Evidence
Data
Analysis of data
Justification of Evidence
% of berries used is important
% of water because it dilutes the berry juice

12. 3. Variables
CONSTANT-factor that remains the same throughout the experiment. same type of trees, oaks, amount of water
CONTROL-the normal conditions, you know the outcome of the control, it determines if your experiment makes a difference. No salt in plant H2O
Variable-the factor that changes during the experiment
Amount of temperature, light, time
Only one variable can be tested at a time. If you tested temperature & light how do you know which one is the factor that changes leaf color?

13. 4. Record Measurable Data
Table
Graph
Picture
What is the variable in this data?
What could be a control for this experiment?
What is the hypothesis?

14. Analyze Date Did I prove my hypothesis? If yes, Great!
If not, what do I do?
Learn from my experiment
Maybe change the variable or your hypothesis

15. 5. Report conclusion Email Publish a paper News article
Convention of others who study that topic
Skype

16. 6. Replicating the results
Anyone in that area of study should be able get the same results
If not, it may not be a valid experiment
This does happen in science, unfortunately

17. What equipment to use To measure volume? Mass length
Graduated cylinder
Triple beam balance
Meter stick

18. A Universal Language –Metric System & Scientific Notation
Why do we need a universal system of measurement?
Easy to use for very large or very small numbers
So we are all on the same page with all of the other scientists in the world

19. Metric system is based on units of 10 Power of 10
1 meter M=10 decimeters
1 meter (m)=100cm
1 meter=1000mm
1meter=1,000,000 micrometers
1meter =1,000,000,000 nanometers

20. Metric Measurements Kilo=one thousand Centi=one hundredth
Deci= one tenth
Milli=one thousandth
Micro=one millionth
Nano=one billionth

21. Metric Standards Mega .000,000,1 Kilo .001 Hecto .01 Deca .1
BASIC UNIT- gram/liter/meter 1.0
Deci 10
Centi 100
Milli 1,000
Micro 100,000

22. Temperature measurement in metric units
Fahrenheit
Celsius
Kelvin
boiling point of water
212 F
100 C
373 K
body temperature
98.6 F
37 C
cool room temperature
68 F
20 C
freezing point of water
32 F
0 C
273 K
absolute zero (molecules stop moving)
-273 C
0 K
Temperatures in Celsius
Water freezes at 0oC
Boils at 100oC
Body Temperature 37oC
Room Temperature 21oC

23. Metric Conversion Let’s try some
Moving from the standard unit & up the number becomes?
smaller
Moving from the standard unit & down the number becomes?
larger
Mega .000,000,1
Kilo .001
Hecto .01
Deca .1
Standard UNIT- gram/liter/meter 1.0
Deci 10
Centi 100
Milli 1,000
Micro 100,000

24. Scientific notation Let’s try some
1 Kilo is 1,000 liters or 1X 103
3 zeros
1 Hecto is 100 liters or 1X 102
2 zeros
1 deca is 10 liters or 10 or 1X101
1 zero
1 deci is .1 liters or 1X10-1
1 decimal moved
1 centi is .01 liters or 1X10-2
2 decimals moved
1 milli is .001 liters or 1X 10-3
3 decimals moved
1 micro is .000,001 liters or 1X10-5
5 decimals moved