1. Ageing Population Health

2. Health: Ageing Population OUTLINE What is an ageing population? Implications of an ageing population. Geographical distribution. Resolving ageing population issues. Conclusions

3. Health: Ageing Population WHAT IS AN AGEING POPULATION? Average age of population is increasing: Increase in proportion of elderly people. Decrease in proportion of under 16s. Number of over 65s began to outnumber under 16s in 2007. Proportion of over 65s expected to rise to 23% by 2033, compared to 16% in 2008. Many MEDCs are facing an ageing population imbalance, in comparison to many LEDCs, where a youthful population is more likely.

4. Health: Ageing Population WHAT IS AN AGEING POPULATION? Can be caused by: Breakthroughs in healthcare = increased life expectancy. People choosing to have smaller families. Falling birth rates: Later marriages. Better education about contraceptives. Women choosing to pursue careers before having children.

5. Health: Ageing Population IMPLICATIONS OF AN AGEING POPULATION? Pressure on healthcare services. Decreasing numbers of economically active people in the population. Retired people continue to pay taxes. Importance of “grey vote” in politics. Increase in tourism amongst older people. Change in retirement age – more people working for longer.

6. Health: Ageing Population IMPLICATIONS OF AN AGEING POPULATION? Increased employment in elderly people. More support services needed. More suitable housing needed – retirement homes, sheltered accommodation etc. Increasing poverty in older population. People stay healthier for longer. Changes in pension legislation. Potential for slower economic growth long-term.

7. Health: Ageing Population ACTIVITY 1 IMPLICATIONS OF AN AGEING POPULATION Understand what an ageing population means for its country

8. Health: Ageing Population GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION UK’s age distributions are not the same across the country. Some areas are popular retirement locations. Ageing population issues may not necessarily be felt in all areas of the country.

9. Health: Ageing Population GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/HTMLDocs/dvc235/all/all.html?mode=clean#6/53.99485396562768 /-1.6259765625/Population aged State Pension age and over/2015/0.66/5/Oranges/Equal Intervals/Details/Across years

10. Health: Ageing Population ACTIVITY 2 AREA CASE STUDIES Understand the differences in population in different areas of the UK Understand how to use and interpret statistics

11. Health: Ageing Population RESOLVING POPULATION ISSUES Pro-natalist approach (as adopted in France): Monetary incentives for mothers to stay off work for one year following the birth of their third child. Subsidised daycare for children under 3 years old and full time school places for over threes. Lower rates of income tax dependent on the number of children in a family – e.g. the more children, the lower the rate of tax. Three years paid parental leave to be used by either parent. Train fare reductions for large families.

12. Health: Ageing Population RESOLVING POPULATION ISSUES The UN suggest “replacement migration” as a solution for countries like France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the US and UK. Changing the retirement age has been suggested i.e. if people work longer they will continue to contribute to the economy and to the country’s productivity for longer.

13. Health: Ageing Population ACTIVITY 3 SOLVING THE AGEING POPULATION Encourage students to consider different methods that could be adopted to resolve the issues caused by an ageing population

14. Health: Ageing Population RESOLVING POPULATION ISSUES Positives and negatives of raising the retirement age: Negatives: Difficulties in continuing work in manual positions. Difficulties in finding work in later life. Does not resolve issues in the short term, particularly if the age is raised gradually. Positives: Higher tax revenue. Increased flexibility – people who are forced to retire from professions with a fixed retirement age would be able to continue working longer.

15. Health: Ageing Population ACTIVITY 4 RAISING THE RETIREMENT AGE Allow students to view differing sides of the debate to draw their own conclusions Encourage students to look at bias in newspaper/media sources

16. Health: Ageing Population CONCLUSIONS Ageing population has implications to healthcare services, economy, politics, support services, legislation Approaches to resolving ageing population includes monetary incentives, subsidised day care, legislation which addresses larger families, retirement age